Long time-series of pressure measurements often have high quality because the early instrumentsare more or less the same as the modern ones. A time-series from Lund consisting of three dailymeasurements from 1780-1997 has been homogenised and is therefore suitable for analysingpossible influences of the enhanced greenhouse effect. According to a two-layer model of theatmosphere one finds a shift in the frequency of baroclinic instability due to an increasedtemperature Gradient caused by the increasing CO2. Baroclinic instability over the Atlantic Oceanis the main cause for frontal zone production, causing cyclonic activity over the southern part ofScandinavia. Changes to the baroclinic instability would therefore be traceable in the time seriesfrom Lund.

This thesis is about a part of the marquetrytechnique, scorching. Scorching is made by heating up something, put a veneer into the heated substance and make a controlled burning. This technique is old but still used today and have according to me great potential for development. In my work I wanted to give the scorching greater room then I earlier have seen. I wanted the scorching to be the dominant ingredient for a decorative element in a piece of furniture or an interior.

AbstractConsider a ?uid being heated from below. The heating leads to an upward convectiveforce that is counteracted by the viscous forces of the ?uid. If the convectiveforce is large enough in comparison to the viscous forces the ?uid will be put in anunstable state.

AbstractConsider a ?uid being heated from below. The heating leads to an upward convectiveforce that is counteracted by the viscous forces of the ?uid. If the convectiveforce is large enough in comparison to the viscous forces the ?uid will be put in anunstable state.

Preservation of cells and tissues by freezing at temperatures below 70°C has led to new possibilities for the storage of germ cells for fertility preservation. During the freezing process problems might occur, the greatest being ice crystallization which can cause membrane destruction and thus cell death. To minimize this risk, solutions that reduce the freezing point can be added to reduce crystallization and increase survival rates. These solutions are called cryoprotectants. The best method for freezing is still not known.The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of various parameters on the survival rate of human semen frozen with liquid nitrogen.

Bakgrund: Intracerebral hjärnblödning (ICH) står för omkring 20 % av alla cerebrovaskulära sjukdomar och uppkommer oftast snabbt, vanligtvis i samband med aktivitet. Är blödningen stor kan hjärnans mittstrukturer flytta på sig, vilket i värsta fall kan leda till koma eller döden. Datortomografi (CT) och magnetisk resonanstomografi (MR) är idag de vanligaste radiologiska undersökningsmetoderna för att upptäcka en ICH. Syfte: Att jämföra CT och MR vid diagnosticering av ICH, för att ta reda på respektive undersökningsmetods för- och nackdelar och därför kunna avgöra vilken metod som är att föredra vid diagnosticering av ICH. Metod: En litteraturstudie baserad på artiklar funna i databasen PubMed genomfördes, där åtta artiklar hittades vid sökning. Två artiklar hittades vid en manuell sökning. Resultat: MR är bra i ett tidigt stadium vid ICH. Gradient echos (GRE) roll vid MR verkar vara bra vid undersökning av ICH, men är likvärdig med CT, däremot tyder det på att GRE är mer noggrann än CT vad gäller mätning av blödningens volym, då den mätta volymen visar sig bli större med GRE än med CT däremot kan CT vara mindre tillförlitlig vid små ICH. Konklusion: Denna litteraturstudies resultat tyder på att MR är en säkrare diagnostisk metod vid ICH än CT, däremot krävs större studier inom detta område för att kunna dra en definitiv slutsats. .

Hungary?s share of renewable energy in 2010 was 7.9 %, and their renewable energy goal for 2020 is 14.65 %. Geothermal energy is one option that could help to achieve the goal, since Hungary has favorable bedrock, the temperature Gradient is above average and thepermeability is high. Today Hungary is importing just over half of its primary energy supply. Because of political conflicts between nations Hungary wants to expand its own production of energy.

I havet finns det flertalet olika bakteriearter, alltså en hög diversitet vilket teoretiskt sett borde betyda en hög funktionalitet. I denna studie har vi undersökt hur bakteriers funktionalitet och diversitet påverkas av förändrad salthalt. Två marina bakteriesamhällen har studerats och jämförts, dels ett Skagerraksamhälle samt ett Östersjösamhälle. Dessa två samhällen utsattes gradvis för hög respektive låg salthalt och efter avslutat experiment hade Skagerraksamhället en låg salthalt dvs Östersjöbetingelse och Östersjösamhället övergått till hög salthalt (Skagerrakbetingelse). Resultatet av detta blev att både funktionalitet och diversitet påverkades, vilket analyserades med Eco-plattor och DGGE (Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis).

There are several methods avaliable to find areas of interest, but most fail at detecting such areas in cluttered scenes. In this paper two methods will be presented and tested in a qualitative perspective. The first is the darg operator, which is used to detect three dimensional convex or concave objects by calculating the derivative of the argument of the Gradient in one direction of four rotated versions. The four versions are thereafter added together in their original orientation. A multi scale version is recommended to avoid the problem that the standard deviation of the Gaussians, combined with the derivatives, controls the scale of the object, which is detected.

Forestry affects most of the forest-covered land in Sweden. In the landscape, the most common stream type is headwaters, which are important sites for many processes and organisms in both the terrestrial and the aquatic ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate how the abundance of benthic invertebrate functional feeding groups in headwater streams develops after clear-cutting and if it also is possible to detect a change in the composition of feeding groups. The study also attempts to determine what factors have an effect on temporal changes in abundance of these groups. For the study, 11 sites in northern Sweden were sampled for benthic invertebrates using a Surber-sampler, and for each site canopy-cover and pH was obtained.

Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka om och i så fall hur ackommodativ facilitetsträning, med +/- 2,00DS-flippers, under en vecka, påverkar ackommodation, vergens och binokulärseende.Metod: I studien undersöktes 17 försökspersoner mellan 20-30år. Av dessa fick 3 försökspersoner avbryta medverkan på grund av olika skäl. Försökspersonerna ombeddes att sitta på 2 synundersökningar, varav en före och en efter ackommodativ facilitetsträning. Undersökningarna inleddes med ett objektivt refraktionsvärde, följt av en anamnes. Därefter utfördes en binokulär synundersökning tillsammans med binokulära mätningar, varav en mätte den ackommodativa faciliteten.

This project investigated how elevation and vegetation type influences variation in plant litter phenolic content and protein precipitation capacity among and within common plant species for two different vegetation types, heath and meadow, in a subarctic ecosystem in the Abisko region of northern Sweden. As nutrient availability generally decreases with increasing elevation as a result of decreasing temperature, I hypothesised that phenolic content would increase with elevation and be higher on the heath than the meadow. To test this, the total phenolic content and protein precipitation capacity was estimated in leaf litter from 13 species in both heath and meadow vegetation across an elevational Gradient ranging from 500 to 1000 meters above sea level (m.a.s.l.) in the study region. The results showed that elevation and vegetation type both had a strong impact on both variables. Total phenolic concentrations decreased with elevation for the meadow, and were greater for the heath than the meadow.

The problem of separating a non-rectangular foreground image from a background image is a classical problem in image processing and analysis, known as matting or keying. A common example is a film frame where an actor is extracted from the background to later be placed on a different background. Compositing of these objects against a new background is one of the most common operations in the creation of visual effects. When the original background is of non-constant color the matting becomes an under determined problem, for which a unique solution cannot be found. This thesis describes a framework for computing mattes from images with backgrounds of non-constant color, using Bayesian statistics.

Since their invention in 1999, CubeSats have become a widespread standard for small picosatellite missions. CubeSats allow for quick development of satellite payloads and launch in space without the high costs of a normal satellite. Emphasis during the CubeSat design process is placed on use of commercialoff- the-shelf (COTS) components and reuse of previously-designed units.This report describes the interfacing of a scientific magnetometer, the Small Magnetometer in Low-Mass Experiment (SMILE) to such a CubeSat mission, the Space Weather using Ion spectrometers and Magnetometers (SWIM). Design of a complete platform for use in multiple such missions is presented here.Modularity is one of the key aspects followed in the course of the work. A new board containing the analog pick-up and compensation circuitry for SMILE has been designed to fit inside a CubeSat frame.

The last century, forest fires have decreased in frequency due to efficient fire-suppression along with the growth of the industrial forestry. Since 1990, fire has been reintroduced under controlled forms to recreate burnt habitats. Many species that are dependent on, or benefits from, forest fires have increased since fire was reintroduced. The importance of connectivity is often addressed in ecological research. This is particularly important for species dependent on short-lived habitats such as burnt forests.