This Masters thesis work describes a comparison between two different methods for estimation of the down channel (base station to mobile subscriber) in Wide-band Code Division Multiple Access (WCDMA). The first estimation method, Optimal Feed-forward Channel Estimation (OFCE), is a conventional method that bases the estimates on data that is known to both sender and receiver, so called pilots. The second method, Decision Directed Channel Estimation (DDCE), is an elaboration of OFCE. It also uses user data for estimation. Simulations show that DDCE, in comparison to OFCE, does not attain an improvement in signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) for high bit error rates (BER). An improvement is only seen when the BER becomes much lower than what is common in real situations. In conclusion DDCE is complicated, involves many mathematical operations and gives insignificant improvement of SNR when BER takes common values. It is legitimate to question if it is possible to use the method in a real mobile phone system..

LabVIEW ger en snabb och enkel tillgång till att styra instrument och en mycket stor databas med drivrutiner för DAQ-kort och olika datorgränssnitt (GPIB, serie, osv.).Många instrument och datorer kan anslutas till GPIB-bussen.  Detta kan ge en praktisk modell för utveckling av instrumentets styrprogram i LabVIEW med hjälp av GPIB-gränssnittet.Ett program i LabVIEW 8.2 med hjälp av GPIB-bussen kan kopplas till t.ex. multimetern (HP-34401A) för att mäta och visa multimeters noggrannhet. Men på grund av fel i drivrutiner för GPIB-gränssnittet kunde jag inte köra programmet med GPIB-bussen.Genom att använda LabVIEW 8.2 med hjälp av DAQ-kort kan en PID-regleringsalgoritm simuleras. PID konstrueras med virtuella instrument som innehåller alla nödvändiga komponenter och utrustning som krävs för att reglera någon linjär eller olinjär process exempelvis att nivåreglera två tankar i serie.

Production requires the input of capital and labour. Hence, economic growth can be assumed to follow from increased levels of these two factors. Policies aimed at increasing production may consequently successfully be focused on facilitating the accumulation of capital and labour. However, even when an economy has managed to reach the same quantities of input factors as a more prosperous neighbour, the level of the production might still differ. The explanation of this lies in what economists refers to as expression embracing the characteristics of the input factors and the conditions in which they operate.In this thesis a calculation of total factor productivity is carried out, using existing data on the Swedish FA-regions between 1990 and 2005 and the method the economist Robert Solow in the 1950?s.

LabVIEW ger en snabb och enkel tillgång till att styra instrument och en mycket stor databas med drivrutiner för DAQ-kort och olika datorgränssnitt (GPIB, serie, osv.).Många instrument och datorer kan anslutas till GPIB-bussen.  Detta kan ge en praktisk modell för utveckling av instrumentets styrprogram i LabVIEW med hjälp av GPIB-gränssnittet.Ett program i LabVIEW 8.2 med hjälp av GPIB-bussen kan kopplas till t.ex. multimetern (HP-34401A) för att mäta och visa multimeters noggrannhet. Men på grund av fel i drivrutiner för GPIB-gränssnittet kunde jag inte köra programmet med GPIB-bussen.Genom att använda LabVIEW 8.2 med hjälp av DAQ-kort kan en PID-regleringsalgoritm simuleras. PID konstrueras med virtuella instrument som innehåller alla nödvändiga komponenter och utrustning som krävs för att reglera någon linjär eller olinjär process exempelvis att nivåreglera två tankar i serie.

Self-driving cars are soon to become a reality to the commercial market. A self-driving car does not have a human operator, which enables some interesting characteristics. The main benefits are considered to be:The number of accidents and traffic jams should be reduced.Enhanced comfort.Energy usage could be decreased while capacity could be increased.This study concerns the causes for improved energy efficiency. The reason for improved energy efficiency is mainly because of the variation in terms of acceleration, braking and distance holding are reduced. The vehicles are more intelligent and can work together as a unity.

Often, the green is handled as an opposite to the built, but if it could be seen as a part of the built and the society, the planning will be easier to handle. The thesis work wants to create a method that treats villages in an analytic way in a context; with green, blur, grey and all the other colors that together are the completeness.This master's thesis is made to be used as foundation in detail plannng in the municipality of Örkelljunga. Target audience is on one hand those who work with planning and green matters in Örkelljunga municipality, but also other planners who work with landscape.Literature in the field of green city planning has been studied and 30 methods for analysis have been valued. The method for analysis that has been used in this work is a merging of ten different methods and has included literature studies, sketches, interviews and work on spot. The ten methods are consciously chosen to together make one comprehensive and true image of the village, as far as it is possible.

GIS on the Internet is a rather new phenomenon, which has evolved from the need ofdistributed geographical data. It is also a powerful tool for presenting information on theInternet. This master thesis aim to create a web based GIS application with information onlime spreading and the situation concerning acidification in the county of Kronoberg, Sweden.The web based GIS application will be used by the county administrations in Kronoberg toinform the public and the municipal authorities of current counteracting acidification activity.This report includes documentation on acidifying processes and liming activities, which arepublicised together with the web based GIS application. The web based GIS application wascreated with ArcIMS, a new program in the ESRI family of GIS programs. The programincludes a guided structure, to development of everything from a map to a complete GISapplication, including mapservice and websites.

Kitron had wishes to be able to test and measure how disturbance affects their vehicle electronic units before they have been verified by SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden in Borås. This work started with the writing of a demand specification together with Kitron for a product PSQS, Power Supply Quality Simulator, which can generate some test pulses according to a standard for electronic units to Volvos vehicles. A design proposal was developed with the help the demand specification and was verified with the help of simulations. All electric schematics was designed with the guide of the design proposal. The pulses realized in the works of this thesis are those which Kitron experienced that they have a need to test in their own premises and which are possible to generate with the means available.

In electricity markets evolving towards liberalisation and internationalisation, green certificates are seen as an important tool to promote production of renewable energy. In a green certificate market producers sell certificates received per unit of electricity generated from renewable energy. Trade in renewability is thereby decoupled from the the physical electricity trade. Tradable green certificates in combination with renewables obligation are implemented or planned in several EU member states. Integration at EU leveland the creation of a common certificate market seem like a possible next step.

In motorsports competition, safety reasons require that the vehicle is equipped with some form of protective roll cage. The roll cage should withstand the forces involved in a collision to protect the driver and the co-driver from the vehicle body deformation. The roll cage also works to protect the vehicle from excessive deformations to more easily make any repairs afterwards. For the roll cage to be certified and approved for motorsports competition, it requires that the cage is built after one of the recommended options. One of those options is to design the roll cage like a cross-construction at the driver and co-driver doors.

AbstractDoes Geography Matter? A Study of the Bologna Process from a Policy Transfer Perspective.Essay in Political Science (D-level) at Karlstad?s University by Beatrice Högå, Spring 2007Tutor: Susan MartonThe purpose of this essay is to generally see how theories of policy transfer can help us to better understand the process through which the Bologna Process is being spread throughout Europe, and to specially see if geographic placement, i.e. in the heart of Europe, plays a role in how well and how fast the Bologna Process is implemented.To be able to answer the purpose, I have used Evans and Davies theoretical model on policy transfer network to describe the Bologna Process. Furthermore, Sweden and France are the countries being examined when they differ on the independent variable. From there, I have applied an analytical tool, namely process tracing, to examine whether there are differences in the two countries? work with the implementation of the Bologna Process.I have designed six specific research questions:Have France performed more extensive work than Sweden when it comes to implement the two-cycle system?Have France performed this work earlier?Have France performed more extensive work than Sweden when it comes to recognize awards and periods of study?Have France performed this work earlier?Have France performed more extensive work than Sweden when it comes to quality assurance?Have France performed this work earlier?After applying the analytical tool to be able to answers these research questions, the answer to the general question Does geographic placement, i.e.

At Forsmark nuclear power plant the rather old-fashioned software COPTA is used in containment safety analysis. There exists a desire within the organisation to introduce a more modern software with ability to more detailed modeling and increased usability.The goal of this thesis was to evaluate the software APROS in containment safety analysis. APROS models describing one of the containments at Forsmark NPP have been developed. Two simulations of typical containment incidents, one of them a large pipe break, have been made where containment safety parameters such as pressure and temperature are studied. Results are analyzed and verified against results from corresponding COPTA models.

LabVIEW ger en snabb och enkel tillgång till att styra instrument och en mycket stor databas med drivrutiner för DAQ-kort och olika datorgränssnitt (GPIB, serie, osv.).Många instrument och datorer kan anslutas till GPIB-bussen.  Detta kan ge en praktisk modell för utveckling av instrumentets styrprogram i LabVIEW med hjälp av GPIB-gränssnittet.Ett program i LabVIEW 8.2 med hjälp av GPIB-bussen kan kopplas till t.ex. multimetern (HP-34401A) för att mäta och visa multimeters noggrannhet. Men på grund av fel i drivrutiner för GPIB-gränssnittet kunde jag inte köra programmet med GPIB-bussen.Genom att använda LabVIEW 8.2 med hjälp av DAQ-kort kan en PID-regleringsalgoritm simuleras. PID konstrueras med virtuella instrument som innehåller alla nödvändiga komponenter och utrustning som krävs för att reglera någon linjär eller olinjär process exempelvis att nivåreglera två tankar i serie.

The goal of this master thesis is to show the benefit of using computer games of the type First Person Shooter, FPS in the field of military simulations. The main focus in this is around a couple of topics. Creating the AI that controls the behaviour of the computer-controlled characters, the bots. Create an environment where it is possible to supervise the bots and also design a framework that enables cooperation between a group of bots, a squad. The result is Total Unreal Studio, TUS, a program where it is possible to add bots to a squad, connect them to a game server and inspect what the bots are doing.

This examination project has been performed in collaboration with Husqvarna AB, one of the world?s leading manufacturers of both commercial and professional garden products such as chainsaws, trimmers and lawnmowers. Husqvarna AB always strive to develop and improve new and existing products and components to ensure an attractive product and a competitive position on today?s market One of these components is filled balances. This is a component unique to the company and is one of the parts in their fuel-powered chainsaws.