The purpose of this study is to compare the energy related and environmental consequences of implementing optical sorting as a means of waste collection with those of reducing food waste. In addition to studying the possibility of implementing optical sorting in downtown Stockholm, the yielded amounts of energy from waste collection and reduced wastage will be calculated. This is done by way of literature reviews and interviews. The amount of energy that can be generated through optical sorting and biogas production via anaerobic digestion in downtown Stockholm is 29-44 TJ/year, compared to 118 TJ/year saved by completely eliminating food waste. The generated biogas can replace fossil fuels, but the required food waste contributes to increased greenhouse gas emissions as well as reduced bio diversity and eutrophication during the wasted food?s lifecycle.

Detta arbete undersöker användningen av evolutionära algoritmer för framtagning och utvärdering av byggordningar i RTS-spel. Syftet var att undersöka om just evolutionära tekniker kan uppnå lika bra resultat som skriptade byggordningar då evolutionära tekniker oftast är billigare att utveckla.För att undersöka denna problemställning utvecklades en applikation med en experimentmiljö och en Artificiell Intelligens (AI) med evolutionär algoritm. Denna applikation och AI användes sedan för utvärdering av framtagna byggordningar.Resultatet antyder att evolutionära tekniker kan uppnå lika bra kvalitet som de skriptade byggordningarna.Något som krävs i detta arbete är fördefinierade skript för byggordningar för att köra evolutionen men något som skulle vara intressant att kolla på är coevolution. Med coevolution hade det varit möjligt evolvera fram byggordningar utan dessa färdiga skript genom att köra evolutionen mot individer i samma population..

Rooted in Industrial Ecology (IE) theory, this report evaluates how urban agricultural concepts and techniques, can contribute to improved ecological sustainability within the inner city boundaries of Stockholm. An overarching literary study as well as an interview was carried out, resulting in a qualitative analysis followed by suggestions for practical implementations. A substantial convergence was found between the eco-restructuring objectives of IE and the principal motives for urban agriculture. Consequently, eco-restructuring objectives are found in varying degrees in the presented urban agricultural techniques. Industrial symbioses, permaculture and combinations of urban agricultural techniques are tools which are capable of corresponding adequately to the diversity of urban settings.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka vikten av ett genetiskt föräldraskap hos par som genomgick infertilitetsbehandling i Sverige med donerade ägg eller spermier, samt att jämföra attityder till genetiskt föräldraskap mellan kvinnor och män samt personer med eller utan möjlighet till genetiskt föräldraskap. Denna delstudie ingår i ett större projekt som heter Långtidsuppföljning av IVF, ägg- och spermiedonation i Sverige. Den grupp som har undersökts i föreliggande studie är par som genomgått behandling med donerade ägg eller spermier under 2005-2006. Antalet recipienter i denna studie var 277 personer. Information har samlats in i form av enkäter.

The PhonePages of Sweden is a company that develops software for mobile units, especially cell phones. This thesis treats the development of, and contingencies for, a mobile phone directory, using the limited resources found in a mobile unit. The project was implemented and executed at The PhonePages with the intention of creating a product to sell to a third party.By studying different solutions, their benefits and drawbacks, an abstract picture of the product was constructed. Problems covered include compatibility problems caused by todays platform diversity as well as problems with saving, organizing and presenting data.The main goal was to create a phone directory which does not make external information retrievals. The service should contain both company and personal information, with name and phonenumber.

Cardiomyopathy is the most common type of cardiac disease in the cat. Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is comparably uncommon and only a few studies have been conducted in this disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the presence and inheritance pattern of RCM in a family of Birman cats. The family comprised 177 known cats. 107 of these cats were examined by echocardiography, 23 of the cats died/were euthanized and a diagnosis could be established post mortem.

På arbetsmarknaden finns det åtminstone tre olika generationer. Då alla generationer fostras på olika sätt beroende på när de är uppväxta kan det skapas svårigheter kring samarbete, ledarskap och lojalitet i arbetslivet. Vissa menar att dessa generationer är väldigt olika och att de behöver olika typer av ledarskap. Denna studie behandlar skillnader och likheter mellan generation X och Y och hur de ser på hur deras närmsta chef och hur organisationen bör vara. Resultaten av denna kvalitativa intervjustudie med totalt åtta respondenter visar att det finns indikationer på en skillnad mellan generation X och Y då de beskrivit att de har olika behov och uppskattar olika typer av ledare.

With this thesis I have sought to do a critical review on how Islam is perceived and articulated by secondary school students in a school in a larger Swedish city. The aim is to analyse how some secondary students in Sweden talk about Islam, as a religion and as a school subject. To achieve this aim, seven focus group interviews with 36 students aged 15-16 have been conducted. These focus groups have discussed the general picture of Islam depicted by the society, media and through the school. But also how, and in what way that depiction has influenced their personal view of Islam.

n this dissertation a comparison of two evolutionary methods for evolving ANNs for robot control is made. The methods compared are SANE with enforced sub-population and delta-coding, and marker-based encoding. In an attempt to speed up evolution, marker-based encoding is extended with delta-coding. The task selected for comparison is the hunter-prey task. This task requires the robot controller to posess some form of memory as the prey can move out of sensor range.

The ability of a dog to perform some kind of practical work, for example hunting or herding, depends among other things on its behavioural characteristics. In animal breeding it is not always easy though to select for behavioural traits. It may, for example, be difficult to identify traits that are not only heritable but also of importance for the dogs' ability to perform the practical work of interest. Moreover, it is often difficult to accomplish accurate measurements of behavioural traits. When selecting dogs for breeding, it is usually preferable to evaluate them using an objective and standardized bahavioural test, rather than results from field trials.

Tidigare forskning menar att förmågan att vara empatisk mot andra ökar om man är lika i termer av etnicitet, kön, ålder och bakgrund. Huvudsyftet med studien var att studera skillnader i etnokulturell empati, det vill säga empati som riktar sig mot individer av annat etnicitet och kultur. Två separata studier gjordes, Studie 1 i USA (N=75), och Studie 2 i Sverige (N=92). Effekter av kön och ålder testades. Deltagarna var av blandade åldrar, kön och etniciteter.

The area around the stream Orsundaan, which runs trough the valley Harsbacksdalen, is famous for its beautiful landscape. The upper area of Orsundaan and Harsbacksdalen is situated just south of Heby in Uppland, Sweden. Even though the area is protected by different nature conservation acts, it is difficult to find any information about the geodiversity in the area. Geodiversity, or geological and geomorphological diversity, includes the concepts of geoprocesses and geoelements. Very high geodiversity could be seen at an inventory of the geomorphology in the upper area of Orsundaan and Harsbacksdalen.

The ongoing change that characterizes the landscape as a result of the development of the society as a wholeis the basis for this thesis. Even though the Scanian landscape still is dominated by arable land, other valuessuch as biological diversity, cultural heritage and economical aspects, has all been ascribed the landscape asmore and more important factors and in some respects, compete with the farming industry about the right tothe landscape. Our demand of more and more space, will of course also affect the landscape. Huge amountof land are used to build external malls and single-family houses, which gives rise to an increasing need foran extended transport system that also is land consuming.It all comes down to: how the municipalities deal with non built areas - the green structure. Do themunicipalities have separate programs describing their vision and objectives concerning the green structure?Literature studies, an inventory made of the municipality programs in the west and south west of Scaniaand interviews with employees at the municipalities clarifies the use of the green structure concept, both intheory and in practice.The green structure concept seems to be derived from the environmental debate.

The need for second language learning is increasing in today?s multicultural and globalized society, and adult studies are becoming more common. Teachers must encourage all students, and all schools need to promote equality. Motivation is one of the most important factors for positive learning and progress, and it can be helpful for second language teachers to know more about this subject. The aim of this study was to examine which motivational factors that influence adult immigrants to learn Swedish through SFI education in Sweden.

The concept of sustainable development has been pervasive in recent years and many organizations choose to implement sustainability and adapt their activities accordingly. The purpose of this study have been to explore how a collaboration on the use of waste materials may look to analyze what influences cooperation. A case study has been carried out examining a Swedish state regional project aimed at creating partnerships between actors and utilizing textile waste with the help of design. The study was conducted using qualitative methods and the collection of data has been done through interviews and by examining documents. The results show that there are seven key factors that affect cooperation: expectations, commitment, internal communication, a strong non-profit actor, individual treatment, personal networks and the diversity of actors.