Bakgrund: Postoperativa sårinfektioner [PSI] är en allvarlig komplikation och ett hälsoproblem som orsakar lidande för patienten. Såsom vid alla operativa ingrepp förekommer en risk att få PSI i operationssåret/-såren efter Coronary Artery Bypass Graft [CABG], men det finns redan en rad kända riskfaktorer som ökar risken för PSI.Syfte och metod: Syftet med rapporten var att undersöka om kombinationen av ett antal sedan tidigare kända riskfaktorer ökade risken för PSI efter CABG på ett mellansvenskt sjukhus åren 2009-2012. En retrospektiv journalgranskningsstudie med totalt 228 patienter genomfördes.Resultat: Av 228 undersökta hade totalt 50 patienter rapporterat sårinfektion och 73 patienter hade ? 3 riskfaktorer. Bland de som hade ? 3 riskfaktorer rapporterade 32,9% PSI och bland de som hade < 3 riskfaktorer rapporterade 16,8% PSI.

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) föregås av en väntetid som kan vara påfrestande för patienten i och med att en hjärtkärlsjukdom är ett livshotande tillstånd. Effektivi-sering inom sjukvården har lett till förhållandevis korta vårdtider efter detta ingrepp. Med tanke på den relativt långa rehabiliteringsfas som följer läggs mycket av ansvaret för återhämtningen på patient och dennes närstående i hemmet. Syftet med studien var att belysa det sociala stödet och dess betydelse för patienten i samband med en CABG-operation. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of arterial insufficiency in patients undergoing CABG surgery and whether arterial insufficiency is a risk factor for postoperative wound infections in the harvesting leg. Patients who had CABG surgery were enrolled consecutively. A total of 144 patients participated in the study. During their hospital stay demographic data was recorded, as well as pre-, intra-, and postoperative tests and risk factors. The patients answered a questionnaire regarding postoperative wound infections 30 days after surgery patients answered a questionnaire regarding infections.

Introduction Postoperative wound infections leads to increased patient suffering and cost society money because it leads to longer hospital stays. Previous research shows that patient related risk factors such as smoking, diabetes, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), advanced age (>65 years) a low preoperative hemoglobin level (<140g/L) and a high BMI (> 30) increases the risk of suffering a postoperative wound infection. Aim To investigate whether patients that underwent surgery with Coronary artery Bypass Graft (CABG) in a university hospital in central Sweden in 2013 and had any of these risk factors more often suffer from post-operative wound infection.MethodThe study has a descriptive design and is based on an ongoing infection registration area of operations. The study included 148 patients out of 255 (58%) undergoing CABG in 2013. Possible risk factors were collected through medical record review.Results There was no significant correlation between surgical wound infection and patient-related risk factors such as smoking (not quit smoking four weeks before surgery), diabetes, COPD, advanced age (>65 years), low preoperative hemoglobin (<140g/L) or a high BMI (>30) and suffered a postoperative wound infection.Conclusion More research and a larger sample is needed in the field to produce a reliable result could be presented..

 The aim of the study was auditing medical records examine postoperative blood glucose levels after undergoing CABG surgery. Furthermore the aim was to determine if the ward staff abides the local guidelines frame of reference concerning each ward, regarding blood glucose measurements and blood glucose levels. The study included 70 patients undergoing CABG surgery at the cardiothoracic surgery, Uppsala University Hospital. The study was conducted by retrospective medical record auditing. Studied factors were postoperative blood glucose levels, number of registered blood glucose measurements, a current diagnosis of DM and preoperative HbA1c.

It is well known that dogs often have Helicobacter spp in their stomach. The importance of these bacteria in the development of gastrointestinal disease in dogs is still unknown. In humans, Helicobacter pylori is a causative agent of chronic gastritis and gastric ulcers. In contrast to humans, dogs seldom harbour naturally acquired H. pylori.

Bakgrund: Postoperativa sa?rinfektioner a?r en vanligt fo?rekommande va?rdrelaterad infektion, och orsakar stort lidande fo?r patienten och stora kostnader fo?r sjukva?rden. Diabetes a?r en riskfaktor fo?r att utveckla postoperativ sa?rinfektion, och har liksom hyperglykemi fysiologiska effekter som bidrar till en o?kad risk att utveckla postoperativ sa?rinfektion.Syftet med denna studie var att underso?ka sambandet mellan diabetes, postoperativ hyperglykemi och postoperativ sa?rinfektion hos patienter som genomga?tt CABG-kirurgi.Metod: Studien designades som en kvantitativ retrospektiv studie med deskriptiv ansats. Data insamlades dels fra?n va?rdenhetens egen infektionsregistrering, dels genom granskning av 276 patientjournaler pa? den aktuella va?rdenheten.

In developing countries such as Vietnam the population consumes more animal products for example milk and meat than before which requires greater livestock production. Ruminants contributes to more methane emission which creates a dilemma between food production and its environmental impact. By feeding ruminants with nutritive crops which humans can not assimilate the animal performance will increase in terms of better growth and milk production without inpinging on food that can be consumed directly by humans. Increasing animal performance reduces methane emission in terms of amount of methane in kg-1 milk and meat which today is much greater in developing countries than developed countries. The aim of the study was to investigate tropical tannin-rich legumes for their potential as a feed supplement for ruminants made in vitro.

The hydropower from Nissan River is of national interest and produces annually 230 GWh from the twelve power stations in the main flow. For modified waters a consideration between the power production and the biological values has to be made. This reports serves as a pre-study for Nissans Vattenråd. It tries to evaluate some of the biological values in the Nissan basin and map the power production in the area. And the size and value of lost power production from new fishways for the twelve stations in the main flow.The investment of new fishways is calculated using simplified templates with values from the business.

För att vidareutveckla Volvo Aeros konkurrenskraft för stora fläktstrukturer undersöks nu möjligheten att integrera fläktutloppsledskenornas aerodynamiska och akustiska funktion med den lastöverförande funktion som konventionella mellanhus har. Som en del i detta vill nu Volvo Aero kunna skapa en första konstruktionsmodell, i ett tidigt konceptstadie, som har en låg vikt men som ändå uppfyller styvhetskraven som ställs på konstruktionen. Denna rapport avhandlar en optimeringsrutin för optimering av bypass-delen av mellanhuset i en jetmotor. Optimeringsrutinen är anpassad för Ansys och i de optimeringar som genomförts så har två av Ansys inbyggda optimeringsalgoritmer använts. Resultatet av användandet av dessa algoritmer visade att om man vill ha med modalkravet i analysen så måste man ha en god startkonstruktion för att optimeringen skall finna den bästa lösningen..

By limiting our horse?s freedom of movement, we restrict their opportunity to forage, which is one of their most important needs. If their need of forage is not fulfilled it can lead to frustration, which might manifest itself in abnormal behaviour, like the oral stereotypies for example crib-biting. It is a held belief that the horse swallows air while crib-biting, which they don?t, and that swallowed air causes colic, and the belief that other horses can copy the behaviour, leads to the use of many methods to prevent the behaviour.

In order to facilitate testing of anesthesia machines a patient simulator has been required by Maquet Critical Care AB. A patient simulator has been developed to reduce expensive and time consuming animal experiments and temporary lab arrangements. The patient simulator has been developed and designed to simulate human lungs with regards to anesthetic uptake, production of carbon dioxide and heating and moisturizing exhaled air.The system comprises a container and a test lung to simulate the volume and the dynamic of the human lung. The simulation of uptake of anesthetics has been implemented by pumping a fraction of the gas from the container through a bypass circuit with an active charcoal filter that adsorbs volatile anesthetics. The flow through the bypass circuit is generated by a pump and is controlled by a linear valve.The resulting performance of the patient simulator has fulfilled the requirements.

Introduktion: Övervikt och fetma är ett globalt växande folkhälsoproblem vilket leder till enorma ekonomiska samhällskostnader. Fetmakirurgi, bland annat Reglerbart gastriskt band (Adjustable Gastric Banding, AGB), har visat långsiktiga effekter på viktminskning, medan icke-kirurgisk fetmabehandling har visat mindre tydliga effekter. Detta har lett till att fetmakirurgin ökat dramatiskt. Trots detta har vissa kirurgipatienter svårigheter i att upprätthålla viktminskning över tid. Fetmakirurgi kan även leda till senkomplikationer och biverkningar.

BAKGRUND: CABG blir en allt vanligare åtgärd vid kranskärlssjukdom inom svensk sjukvård. Målet med operationen är att lindra symtom vid kärlkramp och hjärtinfarkt samt att reducera mortaliteten. SYFTE: Syftet var att beskriva patienters emotionella upplevelser under det första året efter en CABG operation. METOD: En allmän litteraturstudie som grundades på kvalitativa vetenskapliga artiklar genomfördes. Resultatet baserades på sju vetenskapliga artiklar som söktes fram via elektroniska databaser och därefter granskades och analyserades.

Horses are by nature herbivores, specialized on grass, and graze during the main part of the day. The horse has neither changed this basic behaviour nor the function of gastro-intestinal tract, when the horse was domesticated by man. A horse on pasture has an even production of saliva and gastric acids. The buffering effect of the saliva makes the pH in the stomach above four throughout most of the day. With abnormal long breaks of eating, the pH may decrease, causing an increased risk of gastric ulcer.