The aim of my thesis is to obtain knowledge of textile wastewater and textile sludge from an environmental perspective, which can be used as a basis for the  ?Sweden Textile Water Initiative? guidelines for a sustainable sludge management. In my study I have mainly focused on textile dyes, salts and metals and their routes during wastewater treatment.This paper is partly a literature review, which I began by identifying the pollutants discharged from each textile process. Then I studied wastewater and sludge quality, environmental aspects, possible treatment and recycling methods. I have also tried to find existing type of guidelines in order to make comparisons.

As a result of an increased consumption, waste volumes has grown steadily throughout the 1900s, and this puts great demands on an efficient and ecological sustainable waste management on both local and national level. In order to evaluate collection and disposal of household waste, a large number of Sweden´s municipalities are using waste analyses. The overall aim of this study has been to summarize and assess results from waste analyses executed in Härjedalen´s municipality during the years 2007-2011.The evaluation has given information about the household waste´s composition, quantity and change in time. The report´s objective has been to create a basis which the municipality can use in planning of future information efforts and other measures, and give some proposals on how these can be designed and targeted. Therefore, the report also highlights research on motivations factors that affects environmentally conscious behavior such as recycling, and how different instruments like information can be used to promote this.

Arbetet syftar till att förstå en fundamental offentlig reformprocess, och fokus ligger på den politiska beslutsprocessen bakom förändringen av sjukvården i Region Skåne. Vi gör en kvalitativ fallstudie av projektet Skånsk Livskraft, och genomför intervjuer med potentiellt inflytelserika politiker och tjänstemän. Den teoretiska tolkningsramen utgörs framförallt av Institutionell teori samt Garbage Can.Tidsperspektivet visar hur tidigare misslyckade reformer möjliggjort tillblivelsen av Skånsk Livskraft. Vidare har arbetssättet, med stark yrkesmässig förankring, gett tjänstemännen en inflytelserik roll. Enigheten över blockgränserna vid budgetförhandlingen 2001 var en förutsättning för att projektet skulle kunna konkretiseras.

A change towards using more biofuels than fossil fuels is taking place in Sweden, and in many other parts of the world. This makes the use of fuel pellets increasingly popular, causing a greater demand for sawmill sawdust products. There is a trend towards the use of multiple types of shredders, instead of a single type in each sawmill. The purpose of the study was to characterize the different flows of saw particles that can be found at Sävar såg when cutting thick or thin wood with different cutting techniques. The saw particles size, shape, moisture content and heat value were analysed by the cutting stations: first cutting fast and slow, second cutting fast and slow, grading fast and slow and planning.

I över 50 år har Kongo-Kinshasa varit utsatt for krig, och landet präglas idag av en skenande statskollaps. Vi har utkristalliserat tre fundamentala orsaker till konflikten som anses relevanta i samband med vår frågestallning, vilken behandlar FN-styrkan MONUC: s insatser i landet. Maktspel över Kongos enorma naturtillgångar, politisk problematik och etniska skiljelinjer är grunden till såväl konflikten som landets politiska instabilitet. FN-styrkan, som är en av de största i sitt slag och har befunnit sig i landet sedan år 2000, arbetar mot fredsbevarande och fredsfrämjande mål vilka ofta fokuserat på att mildra den humanitära katastrof som råder. Granskning har genomförts av MONUC: s arbete i att vara behjälpliga till att motverka de viktigaste källorna till konflikten.

The aim of this study was to examine how two integrating social enterprises relate to and combines social, ecological and economic sustainability and how they work with sustainable development in the field of social work. The study has been focusing on three questions: What are the values underpinning ?Macken? and ?Vägen uts? approach to sustainable development? What motivates these companies to work with ecological sustainability in the creation of new jobs? How do these companies combine social, ecological and economic sustainability? To answer our questions we have been interviewing nine employees through semi-structured interviews combined with observations and this study was analysed through a symbolic perspective. The conclusion of this study showed that these companies worked with specific themes to reach social sustainability. Recurring themes in the study was empowerment, recovery and the employee?s own experience of exclusion.

In one of six garbage collectors area in Cairo, Esbet el Nakhl, there's a handicap school run by the Coptic church. We chose to study this school using observations and interviews. The purpose of our thesis has been to describe the school, the goals of the education and the educational forms. The questions we asked our selves before the trip to Cairo were; how does the school look like? What's a garbage collectors area? How do the teachers educate the children? How's the situation for the handicapped children?We spent six days of observations and interviews at the school gathering information for the thesis.

Chemical substances are spread diffusely and uncontrollably as a result of the increased consumption of goods. REVAQ is a certification system that works to reduce the flow of hazardous substances to Swedish treatment plants and to create a sustainable nutrient recycling. According to REVAQ, the yearly accumulating rate of metals should not exceed 0.2% in soil per year. Silver and bismuth are two metals that do not fulfill this requirement. The silver concentration in sludge decreased during the last decade, however the last few years, it has leveled off.

The purpose of this study was to examine and evaluate an assembly station at Kalmar Industries in respect to ergonomics. The study was to result in an improved assembly station with lower risk of work- related injuries. It was the study group?s expectation that the measures taken at the assembly station can function as guidance and an inspiration for other ergonomic improvements at the company. Several goals related to the purpose were established as guidance for the study.The mechanic?s work situation was mapped through a series of methods.

Den nya järnvägssträckningen, förbi Örnsköldsvik innebär att en ny station, Norra station, kommer att anläggas. Var denna station ska lokaliseras har stor betydelse för hur tillgänglig den kommer att bli för befolkningen i Örnsköldsvik. Örnsköldsviks kommun har själva tagit fram ett förslag till en lokalisering av Norra station och den här rapporten visar på hur man kan förbättra tillgängligheten till resecentrumet genom olika åtgärder. Tillgänglighet beror mycket på vilka hinder och barriärer det finns längs de stråk man ska förflyttas längs, men utgångspunkten för tillgänglighet kommer alltid att handla om avstånd eftersom det sker förflyttningar. Behovet av tillgänglighet är som störst för äldre och personer med funktionshinder och därför är det viktigt att man tänker på dessa grupper i första hand när man arbetar med att förbättra tillgängligheten.

A large number of rivers in northern Sweden have hydropower developments that cause negative effects on both up- and downstream migrations of anadromous species like Atlantic salmon. So far, most attention has focused on the hindrances of adult fish during their upstream spawning migration. However, since turbines in power stations cause losses on downstream passing fish, the focus on negative effects on smolts has increased. The aim of this study was to compare three different causes of losses of salmon smolts passing downstream through a power station area in the flow-controlled River Åbyälven in northern Sweden.A total of 61 wild salmon smolts were caught and radio-tagged in the River Åbyälven during their downstream migration in June 2009. The salmon smolts were released at three locations, 1.1 km upstream from the power station, in the turbine intake and in the upper part of a fishway, acting both for up- and downstream fish passage.

 Detta examensarbete handlar om hur katalytiska föroreningar kan påverka denmarina dieselmotorn, samt vad kan man göra för att skydda sig. Vi ville också se omdet lågsvavliga bränslet har något att göra med de katalytiska föroreningarna. Vianvände oss av en litteraturstudie att få flera åsikter i ämnet. Vi märkte hur svårt detfaktiskt är att härleda ett eventuellt bränslepumps slitage beror på bränslets kvalitet.De slutsatser som vi kan dra efter att ha fördjupat oss i ämnet är att det går attskydda sig emot de katalytiska föroreningarna samt att de nya lågsvavliga bränslenainnehåller mer katalytiska föroreningar än de högsvavliga. De katalytiskaföroreningarna har de senaste åren uppmärksammats mer och mer runt hela världen.Med de uppgifter som vi fått fram, så tror vi att problemen med de katalytiskaföroreningarna kommer att öka i framtiden då de nya MARPOL reglerna börjar gälla..

Bakgrunden till undersökningen är att undersöka hur KAUs källsorteringssystem fungerar ur studenternas synvinkel. Genom analyser av vad teori säger om beteenden, vanor, attityder och kunskaper om källsortering från en enkätstudie på 1?200 av KAUs studenter, ska denna uppsats försöka besvara vad dessa studenter anser om och vilka kunskap de har av KAUs källsorteringssystem.                                     För att ta reda på vad teori säger om detta har jag undersökt vad Naturvårdsverket säger om miljömässiga beteenden och hur de fungerar ihop med källsortering. Jag har även hur undersökt det kan kopplas ihop med nutidens livsstil så som vi lever i dagens konsumtionssamhälle. Syftet med denna uppsats är att försöka belysa och undersöka om miljömedvetenhet i vardagslivet finns bland dagens studenter på KAU. Resultatet kommer att framkomma via den undersökande enkätstudien . Huvudresultatet av denna undersökning är att många av dagens studenter vet om hur KAUs källsorteringssystem fungerar och flertalet anser att det är viktigt med källsortering.

The purpose of this report was to identify the current waste management of non-hazardous construction and demolition waste in a few Swedish construction companies, based on the different steps in the waste hierarchy with a focus on waste prevention, reuse and recycle. Additionally, the purpose was to attempt identifying opportunities, obstacles and as well as to propose possible solutions from an environmental perspective. The method used was a qualitative study using interviews conducted through emails and phone with employees occupying positions that could answer this reports questions. The results of this report indicates that waste management of construction and demolition waste has improved, and less waste goes into landfills. The concern is that the overall amount of waste being produced is not decreasing, thus calling for actions preventing the production of waste.

In Eskilstuna and Sweden in general the level of reuse of surplus material containing soils and rocks from excavation is low. In this report the potential for increasing the reuse of excavated material in Eskilstuna by using a web-based earth information database has been examined. The purpose of a web-based earth information database is to connect those who have surplus material with those who need material for a fast and simple transaction. The intention is to give Eskilstuna a more environmentally and economically efficient handling of surplus material by increasing the level of reuse and thereby reducing the amount of surplus material that is wasted and emissions given off to the atmosphere during transportation. The potential has been examined in two different ways, by tracing information about a number of projects to see if excavated material driven to the dump could have been used in another project and by interviewing eight of the work leaders active in Eskilstuna.