VEP, visual evoked potential is an electrophysiologic test that can be used for evaluating the higher visual pathways. The aim of this study was to investigate if it is possible to adapt this method to horses. This method could have a clinical use in addition to the existing diagnostic methods that are available to evaluate vision in horses. Firstly, this study contains a summary of relevant studies done on animals and, secondly, an experimental part where the possibility of recording VEP in nonsedated and sedated horses is investigated and where to position the recording electrode to obtain the best results. Our results show that it is possible to record VEP in horses in a clinical setting. VEP was best recorded in the sedated horse to avoid movement artifacts and other disturbances.

This study demonstrates how norms and ideals about sexuality and gender expression are used in the TV-show The Walking Dead. An intermediate study is made on the comic books? two same sex couples as they are compared to how they are represented in the TV-show. Tara Chambler and Alisha, a same sex couple who only exist in the TV-show, not in the comic books, are also analysed. Queer theory and an intersectional perspective are used to discover how different power asymmetries are connected to each other through an active interplay.

Most descriptions of stereotypic behaviours have in common that these repetitive behaviours only has been observed in captive animals and therefore it has been proposed that stereotypies exist because we house animals in environments that are sub-optimal to them. Some scientists claim that performance of stereotypies in itself decreases the animal's welfare due to costs in time, energy and health and a poorer quality of life. Other scientists assert that individuals performing stereotypies may have a better welfare compared to the rest of the animals in the same environment, since these individuals have developed strategies to cope with stress. Studies have estimated the prevalence of abnormal behaviours in horses to 18-30 % of the population. Several studies on cribbing have revealed a prevalence of 4-5 %, although some results indicate that more than 10 % of the horse population performs this stereotypy.

By limiting our horse?s freedom of movement, we restrict their opportunity to forage, which is one of their most important needs. If their need of forage is not fulfilled it can lead to frustration, which might manifest itself in abnormal behaviour, like the oral stereotypies for example crib-biting. It is a held belief that the horse swallows air while crib-biting, which they don?t, and that swallowed air causes colic, and the belief that other horses can copy the behaviour, leads to the use of many methods to prevent the behaviour.

Today there is a research project undertaken by the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences along with WÃ¥ngen (a highschool specialized in trotter training), which focuses on trotting horse training, performance and health. The project investigates how exercise intensity and feeding strategies affect the development of growing horses. The project includes two groups of horses where all 16 horses are fed in the same way. One group of eight individuals are trained 100% compared to conventional training and the other group are trained 20% less than the other group. All horses are trained twice a week and are out at pasture beyond that.

Den h?r studien unders?ker hur spr?k anv?nds f?r att uttrycka maktrelationer. Med hj?lp av kritisk diskursanalys analyseras sju f?rvaltningsbeslut fr?n milj?f?rvaltningen i G?teborg, med fokus p? omtal och tilltal, passiva verb, nominaliseringar och modala hj?lpverb. Analysen visar att s?rskilt passiva verb bidrar till att f?rvaltningens agens suddas ut n?r det blir sv?rt att avg?ra vem eller vilka som utf?r en handling. Ansvaret l?ggs ist?llet p? mottagaren med hj?lp av modala hj?lpverb, vilket bidrar till en oj?mlik maktrelation d?r milj?f?rvaltningen inte har n?gra skyldigheter eller krav p? sig, medan mottagaren f?ruts?tts utf?ra m?nga olika handlingar.

Horse-hair lichen Bryoria bicolor is a red-listed lichen species in the category Vulnerable. It is an oceanic lichen and it is often found on boulders and cliffs in a semi-open environment with a high humidity in the agricultural landscape. The species can also be found as an epiphyte on trees, mostly in boreal forests in the provinces of Dalarna, Härjedalen and Jämtland. In the agricultural landscape, there has been indications on that B. bicolor show a decline, and this studie aimed at examining the extent and causes of this decline.

This thesis is focused on what impact stall confinement has on a horse?s mental and physical welfare. It was of great interest to get a gathered picture of how Swedish horseowners had experienced having their horses in stall confinement. A survey study was conducted to achieve this. The survey included twelve questions which for example investigated the horses? age at the time of stall confinement, the length of stall confinement and their sexes.

The aim of these two studies was to investigate the possible physiological, behavioural and emotional changes that appear after human-horse interactions and also to find an explanation to why they occur. One aspect that is discussed is whether the wellbeing of humans can be coupled to interacting with horses and of how the animals respond to the interaction. The first study was performed on 9 horses and their owners, both parts being subjects to registrations during 4 different interaction treatments. The second study was performed on 6 horses with registrations only being performed on the horses during 2 different treatments. Nine horses underwent 3 different treatments all performed by their owners (H = stroking of the horses forehead, B = brushing and M = stimulation of the withers) in addition to a control round (K). Each treatment lasted for 4 minutes but observations were performed until after 45 minutes from start.

SUMMARY This pilot study tried to answer the question however the present animal welfare regulations for horses regarding lying hall area requirements are adequate for horses older than 24 months. The study was carried out at one of the largest stud farms for standard bred horses in Sweden. Mares in late pregnancy with an initial mean age of 10 years was used in a behaviour study. The influence of varying space per animal in a loose-housing system on behaviours like the horses' lying hall use, standing, resting, moving behaviour and threats was studied. The behaviour at three different horse densities ? 18 mares, 13 mares and 8 mares (7.4 m2, 10.3 m2 and 16.7 m2 per mare, respectively) ? was recorded by use of video.

The Healthcheck is an evaluation of the 2003 years reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). When the Healthcheck of CAP is decided, most likely in the beginning of 2009, there will be a discussion about how CAP will appear in the next budget period 2013. One main question in the Healthcheck is how the farm support will be designed. A suggestion that has arised is if todays addition amount for dairy- and beef production should be transferred to the fundamental farm support. In this exam theses calculations has been done in created typical farms in every Swedish support region for cereals-, dairy- and beef production.

SUMMARY The interest of horses in the riding sector has increased the last decades. A large amount of horses are transported in a 1 or 2-horse trailer, which is pulled by a car. Today a large number of different products and designs of trailers can be found on the market. The difference in shaping of trailers depends on tradition and experience. There are no detailed directions on the demands for shaping of horse trailers today. The literature review contains a market analysis of both Swedish and imported horse trailers.

Jag anva?nder mig ofta av afrikanska traditionella rytmer na?r jag skriver musik. Jag experimenterar ofta med att blanda dessa rytmiska traditioner med andra kompositoriska parametrar till ny musik. Bakgrunden till den ha?r uppsatsen a?r ba?de detta mitt experimenterande och mitt fo?rflutna som slagverkare, vad och hur jag da? har ta?nkt om rytmer och musik, allt ur en musikers perspektiv.Syftet a?r att reflektera o?ver hur det kan vara att i sitt komponerande inspireras av traditioner fra?n olika kulturer.

Jag anva?nder mig ofta av afrikanska traditionella rytmer na?r jag skriver musik. Jag experimenterar ofta med att blanda dessa rytmiska traditioner med andra kompositoriska parametrar till ny musik. Bakgrunden till den ha?r uppsatsen a?r ba?de detta mitt experimenterande och mitt fo?rflutna som slagverkare, vad och hur jag da? har ta?nkt om rytmer och musik, allt ur en musikers perspektiv.Syftet a?r att reflektera o?ver hur det kan vara att i sitt komponerande inspireras av traditioner fra?n olika kulturer.

Jag anva?nder mig ofta av afrikanska traditionella rytmer na?r jag skriver musik. Jag experimenterar ofta med att blanda dessa rytmiska traditioner med andra kompositoriska parametrar till ny musik. Bakgrunden till den ha?r uppsatsen a?r ba?de detta mitt experimenterande och mitt fo?rflutna som slagverkare, vad och hur jag da? har ta?nkt om rytmer och musik, allt ur en musikers perspektiv.Syftet a?r att reflektera o?ver hur det kan vara att i sitt komponerande inspireras av traditioner fra?n olika kulturer.