Over the past thirty years the political parties in Sweden have lost five out of six members. In order to retain existing members leadership in these organizations has become increasingly important. The aim of this paper is to identify what group leaders for party groups within the municipal council believe are the driving forces that underlie the councillors' voluntary commitment, identify the group leaders' leadership style and identify whether there exist a relationship between these driving forces and the leadership style. The approach applied is qualitative consisting of twelve interviews with twelve group leaders from six different municipalities in Stockholm county. The theoretical framework of this paper includes the Volunteer Functions Inventory and the Full Range Leadership Theory.

Syftet med vårt arbete är att undersöka vilka förutsättningar och möjligheter elever har att utöva fysisk aktivitet på två geografiskt olikt belägna skolor. Vår undersökning är baserad på observationer, en enkät och intervjuer. Resultaten visar att de båda skolorna skiljer sig åt både när det gäller utemiljön och innemiljön. Vidare framkommer det att rektorernas och lärarnas inställning till fysisk aktivitet, på de båda undersökta skolorna spelar en avgörande roll för barnens fysiska aktivitet under skoltid. Alla är överrens om att den fysiska aktiviteten är bra för eleverna men har olika åsikter om hur den ska bli ett naturligt inslag i skolan.

Stump wood was used between 1850 and 1950 for production of tar and as firewood. In the 1950s the use decreased because of the introduction of the cheap fossil oil. In the 1970s stump wood became an interesting issue again as a raw material for the pulp industry. Stump lifting has today become a possible source for bioenergy. The objectives with this study were to investigate the productivity of stump lifting and stump extraction, and to analyse the economy.

Sigill Quality Systems has been certifying beef since the autumn of 2006 using the brand name label Swedish Sigill. IP Sigill (the certifying system for integrated production) encompasses the values: animal ethics, food safety, free range and environmental concerns. Product quality is not yet one of these values, and there is a variation in the quality of Swedish beef. Swedish Sigill wanted to investigate the factors that influence product quality, review which of the present regulations that have an influence on product quality and formulate new regulations with the purpose of enhancing the product quality (sensorial, technological and nutritional quality). A survey of quality parameters and factors that influence product quality was done in order to establish a scientific foundation to work from.

The aim of this master thesis is to study electronic publishing, and our main purpose is to examine different strategies of publishing such as: markup languages and page description formats. We examine in what context these strategies are used for publishing, when it comes to scholarly documents produced by Swedish universities and university colleges during the spring of 2002. We apply a sociological perspective as the theoretical framework for to identify the main purposes for scientists to publish their work. We also discuss properties belonging to the different formats: XML, HTML, PDF and PostScript. By doing a content based survey of the websites at Borås University College and at Gothenburg University, we have found that the most common form of electronic publishing, regarding scholarly documents, are lists with bibliographical information on publications and presentations of current research.

Detta arbete presenterar enmatematisk optimeringsmodell gällande val av Prefableverantör för Spinactor ABmed avseende på inköpspris med volymrabatt samt transportkostnad. Utöver dettatillkommer en kvalitativ undersökning om vilka andra kriterier som ärbetydelsefulla vid leverantörsavtal. De viktigaste kriterier applicerades i enegenutvecklad leverantörsvalsmodell som bygger på ramverket ?total cost of ownership?(TCO) där leverantörskriterierna kvantifieras. Utifrån kriterieanalysenframgick att de tre viktigare leverantörskriterierna för Spinactor AB idagsläget är leveransprecision, kundservice och kommunikation samt ekonomiskstabilitet.Lösningen av optimeringsproblemet genomfördes med två olika metoder,linjärprogrammering samt heltalsprogrammering, där linjärprogrammering vardominerande i lösningstid.

Radio Frequency Identification, RFID, is a convenient way to enable contactless identification which does not require any physical nor optical contact. As with any radio-based communication the signal can be intercepted, thus making the technology vulnerable to several kinds of attacks. Interception of communication is not the only threat. Since RFID tags might contain personal information or information that will grant the owner access to secure areas, skimming and spoofing attacks are also major threats against this technology. In this thesis report,  the perspective of an adversary is portrayed in an RFID-enabled environment by presenting where RFID is used and how it could be abused.

This report shows methods and workflow when exploring the potential to change Outotecs HCD Silver Electrolysis machine to a module type. It?s done as an attempt to lower the workshop and installation costs and to give customer a more accurate prize directly. To do this a concept was produced which was set to a stress test. Additional objectives were to investigate freight and installation procedures, pneumatic connections and to calculate the difference in cost.Once the concept, a reinforced type of the original frame, was chosen stress tests in computer simulations were made and appropriate alterations were made.

Behovet av tillgänglighet på kommunikation innebär att vi idag har krav på att meddelanden som skrivs över webben inte bara når oss via en dator utan även till våra mobiltelefoner. Målet med examensarbetet har varit att genom litteraturstudie och intervjuer konstruera ett webbaserat SMS-system som kan användas till att sända SMS textmeddelande till en godtycklig mobiltelefonenhet. Meddelande som sänds ska även lagras i databas och administreras via webbsidan. En jämförelse har även genomförts där syftet har varit att undersöka bäst lämpat programspråk för Bluetooth applikation. Metoden har grundat sig på kriterier.

The aim of this thesis is to expand the understanding of 16th century Flemish art by approaching paintings by artists Pieter Aertsen (1508-1575), Joachim Beuckelaer (1533-1574) and Pieter Bruegel (c. 1525-1569) from a different perspective. This is done by extending the discourse of art history, into a discourse of literary history and primarily 16th century novels by authors such as François Rabelais and Miguel de Cervantes. The paintings are studied in relation to these 16th century novels, by comparison and as a testament of this specific time period. A widening contextualization is also constructed in which a connection to the expression of the carnivals ambivalent form, as well as the notion of lower classes is explored.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka patientens upplevelse av livskvalitet efter överviktsoperation samt främjande omvårdnadsåtgärder. Metod: Litteratursökning utfördes i PubMed och Cinahl med Full Text. Sökord var följande: Bariatric, Bariatric Surgery, Quality of life, Bariatric patient, nursing, postoperative care samt treatment outcome. Dessa sökningar kompletterades med manuella sökningar. Efter genomgång avseende inklusions- och exklusionskriterier valdes sammanlagt 16 artiklar ut för denna litteraturstudie.

Kulturvårdscentrum was a project that had great significance for local folklore societies in Bohuslän.Bohusläns museum was i charge of the project that lasted from 1987 until about 2001 when most ofthe original staff have retired. The staff was mainly recruited from a large shipyard, Uddevallavarvet,at it's closure due to recession. Financing was largely made by the government to help outthose unemployed who otherwise should have a hard time finding a new job. At start there was about25 employees who where trained for one year by staff from Swedish museums, conservation studios,and teachers the university. The education was aimed at serving local folklore societies, and dealingwith their special problems.

The purpose of this study is from a case study develop a model that aims to cost effectively improve productivity in a manufacturing production process. The study highlights the importance of having knowledge about customer needs and using a holistic process perspective when improving productivity to identify the relations between the process stations and by this find problems that cause waste and losses in productivity. Tools and methods used to make production more efficient such as single minute exchange of die, spaghetti diagram, 5s and master production schedule is presented an applied in the model to see how these effect costs, productivity etc.Maintenance effects on quality and productivity in a manufacturing company will as well be covered in this thesis. The results and conclusions finally reveals how the process improvement tools, maintenance and production planning for example effects each other and why it is important to establish an attitude in the company where continuous process improvement should be emphasized..

Internationell forskning visar att svenska elever presterar sämre i matematik i jämförelse med genomsnittet av elever i andra länder, där en förklaring tycks vara att eleverna inte har en full förståelse för begreppet lika med vid ekvationslösning. En annan förklaringsmodell kan vara att elevers resonemang tenderar att vara imitativa istället för baserade på matematisk grund. Kreativa resonemang däremot, som behövs för att skapa duktiga problemlösare, kräver att eleven verkligen använder den matematiska grunden. Denna studie undersöker elevers matematiska resonemang vid lösning av problem baserade på begreppet lika med. Elever i årskurs 2 har genom kvalitativ metod studerats med hjälp av videoobservationer när de enskilt i en laborationsliknande situation löst problemuppgifter om lika med.

The district heating load is seasonally dependent, with a low load during periods of high ambient temperature. Thermal energy storage (TES) has the potential to shift heating loads from winter to summer, thus reducing cost and environmental impact of District Heat production. In this study, a concept of high temperature borehole thermal energy storage (HT-BTES) together with a pellet heating plant for temperature boost, is presented and evaluated by its technical limitations, its ability to supply heat, its function within the district heating system, as well as its environmental impact and economic viability in Gothenburg, Sweden, a city with access to high quantities of waste heat.The concept has proven potentially environmentally friendly and potentially profitable if its design is balanced to achieve a good enough supply temperature from the HT-BTES. The size of the heat storage, the distance between boreholes and low borehole thermal resistance are key parameters to achieve high temperature. Profitability increases if a location with lower temperature demand, as well as risk of future shortage of supply, can be met.