Gene technology has become more and more attractive in plant breeding during the last twenty years. This is probably because it can readily improve the existing commercial cultivars that have only one or a few drawbacks by modifying one or a few genes without changing the main genetic constitution. In this regard, gene technology is more effective than conventional breeding.The aim of this project was to analyze the fruit quality of the non-transgenic apple scion ?Jonagold? grafted on non-transgenic and rolB-transgenic apple rootstocks. The rootstocks used were M9-rolB1, M9-rolB2, M26-rolB and non-transgenic controls M9 and M26.

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella is a common pest in apple orchards and can be found worldwide. Feeding by codling moth larvae can cause a substantial decrease in apple yield. Control methods comprise for example the use of pesticides, viruses and pheromones. As a sustainable control method, pheromones have been successfully applied to disrupt moth mating behaviour. Other behaviours like foraging, search for mating sites or host finding could be potential targets for additional odour-mediated behavioural manipulation but need further investigations of the underlying odour stimuli and behavioural plasticity. Many insects are attracted to the smell of fermenting fruit and associated microorganisms.

Sammanfattning Titel: Jämförelse mellan värmepastörisering och kallpastörisering med ozon- en energimässig och ekonomisk utvärdering Författare: Kajsa Petersson, Fredrik Åkesson, Technology Management Handledare: Stig Stenström, Institutionen för Kemiteknik, Lunds Tekniska Högskola, Lunds Universitet Stefan Yard, Företagsekonomiska institutionen,Ekonomihögskolan, Lunds Universitet Johan Sjöholm, VD, Pastair Olle Bergman, Försäljningsdirektör, Pastair Problemställning: Under senare tid har miljö i relation till energianvändning och koldioxidutsläpp blivit en allt viktigare fråga och miljövänliga produktionsmetoder kommer framöver att bli en konkurrensfördel för livsmedelsproducenter. Dock är energieffektiviseringspotentialen i livsmedelsindustrin begränsad i jämförelse med andra branscher. Kallpastörisering med ozon skulle kunna vara mer kostnadseffektiv och ha mindre miljöpåverkan än traditionell värmepastörisering Syfte: Syftet med studien är att jämföra teknikerna värmepastörisering och kallpastörisering av juice ur ett energimässigt perspektiv med fokus på energianvändning, gällande termisk och elektrisk energi, samt vilka kostnadsaspekter de två teknikerna ger upphov till. Metod: Studien har utgått från både ett kvalitativt och kvantitativt angreppssätt och primärdata har främst samlats in genom intervjuer. Som fallstudieobjektet för värmepastörisering valdes Juicelinje aggregat 37 på Skånemejerier i Lunnarp och för kallpastörisering valdes pilotanläggningen Pastair P1, även den placerad i Lunnarp Slutsatser: I jämförelsen mellan de två teknikerna är energianvändningen större för värme- än för kallpastörisering.

Fruit flies (Tephritidae) are serious pests that cause enormous losses for farmers in many countries. The frequent use of insecticides in controlling fruit flies in fruits and vegetable has not resulted in sustainable management of the pest. Problems associated with this complete reliance on chemical control are many residues of insecticides in crops, health problems for farmers, contamination of water and soil, insecticide resistance development and decrease in natural enemy populations. The implementation of control measures that do not imply an added burden to the environment and/or the farmers is urgent. More knowledge about the ecology of fruit flies is the basis for finding new and better ways to control this pest.

This bachelor's thesis is a study of operative approach and attitude to espaliered fruit trees in home gardens. Through qualitative interviews the informants give their view of problems which might arise, and to some extent how the problems can be solved. In addition, which benefit can be obtained from growing these different types of trained trees and for whom they might be suitable. Thematic analyses were used to find themes and patterns for deeper understanding. The conclusion was that these kinds of trees would be beneficial to use to a greater extent than is done today you can use more species and varieties, fit more trees in a small garden, and enhance the trees esthetical appearance.

Since Sweden joined the European Union all Swedish fruit and vegetables are classified according to EU Quality standards. One important function is the product description and how it can facilitate the trade; for example in better comparing prices and also to guarantee the quality of the product. This quality standards or product descriptions are written as words of an Act and obligatory for all countries that has joined the EU. It?s often a demand from the customers to be certificated according to some of many certificating systems. One example is the common worldwide GLOBAL GAP-certification system created by the organisation EUREP which represents the leading European retail traders.

Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie kandidatexamen i Kulturvård, Trädgårdens hantverk och design 21 hp, 2012.

The purpose of the project has been to work out recommendations that reduce the energy-related costs and environmental impact of HPW Fresh & Dry Ltd., a fruit drying factory in Ghana. The factory produces electricity with diesel and biogas but also purchases electricity from the national electricity company. Heat for the drying process is produced from biogas, kerosene and solar panels. In the project the energy system was analyzed by measuring production and consumption of heat and electricity. The project results show that the factory can become self-sufficient on heat if the available energy is used more efficient. The production units for both electricity and heat have low efficiencies.

Uppsats för avläggande av filosofie kandidatexamen i Kulturvård, Trädgårdens hantverk och design, 21 hp, 2010.

Background: Pesticides in conventional food may be related to morbidity and mortality. Furthermore pesticides have a negative impact on the whole ecosystem. Organic food can presume better health as they contain less chemicals and toxins and contribute to sustainable development efforts.Objective: The aim was to examine what attitudes consumers have regarding to purchase organic fruit, vegetables and root vegetables.Methods: The association between consumers? views on conventional food and organic food was investigated using questionnaire given to a population sample of men and women aged by 23-65 (N=60) in grocery stores and in a fitness center. The study was based on a cross-sectional study in a municipality in central Sweden.Results: Consumers were interested to buy organic food.

Varje dag stöter vi på förpackningar av olika slag. För många personer är öppnandet av dessa förpackningar ett svårt moment, då det krävs en viss grad av handstyrka för att klara av det. Nedsatt handstyrka kan bero på skador eller sjukdomar, som exempelvis Parkinsons sjukdom, fingerledsartros och ledgångsreumatism. Åldrandet har också en negativ påverkan på handens styrka och funktion. Ett exempel på svåröppnade förpackningar är de med skruvkork av plast.

The movement of the allotment gardens reached Sweden in the beginning of the last century. The allotment gardens quickly spread among the big towns from Malmö in the south and to the far north of the country. Today, there are about 42 000 owners of allotment gardens in Sweden. This work will show the differencies and similarities comparing the original ideas of allotment gardens with how they are used today. The specific questions were; what are the reasons to acquire an allotment garden; is it used for raising vegetables and fruit or only for growing flowers; is what is cultivated there also gathered and used or is it cultivated only for the pleasure of gardening; and finally how the owners of the allotment gardens spend their time there ? by cultivating the land or by recreational activities. Literature studies were made as well as an inquiry at one allotment garden area i Lund. The ideas of the original allotment gardens in the beginning of the 20th century were as much based on the need of getting out of the aparment to a healthy environment, as cultivating vegetables for economical reasons.

Context: In cooperation with ICA, we chose to investigate how much the auditory and visual stimuli in combination affects consumer behavior in grocery store. There are few studies in the area, which gives good practical and theoretical implications.Research question: How much influenced consumers' purchasing, movement and inspection behavior during exposure to auditory and visual stimuli in the fruit and vegetable department of a grocery store?Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to describe and analyze how much the auditory and visual stimuli affect consumer behavior in the grocery store. We do this through a quantitative experiment of our partner?s fruit and vegetable section, where we observe customer behavior in stores.

This report is a literature review that aims to describe marketing contexts for mango production in Kenya. The institutional conditions in the country are not well developed for marketing purposes, which causes many difficulties and problems for the society. In Kenya most mango producers are poor small-scale farmers with limited resources. Mango is a perishable commodity and to keep its value and quality it is essential to have the opportunity to sell the mangos in the right time. Inefficient and undeveloped infrastructure and marketing systems hinders the mangos to reach the market in time though, which causes large losses of produce.The Kenyan mango production has increased during the last decade but due to market losses for the producer, the small-scale farmers? profits have not improved.

Varje dag stöter vi på förpackningar av olika slag. För många personer är öppnandet av dessa förpackningar ett svårt moment, då det krävs en viss grad av handstyrka för att klara av det. Nedsatt handstyrka kan bero på skador eller sjukdomar, som exempelvis Parkinsons sjukdom, fingerledsartros och ledgångsreumatism. Åldrandet har också en negativ påverkan på handens styrka och funktion. Ett exempel på svåröppnade förpackningar är de med skruvkork av plast.