Wood for commercial use is harvested from forests using forest machines like harvesters which folds, branches and cuts trees and Forwarders which transports logs to a landing area for further transport to a processing facility. Future forest machines have to be much gentler to the machine operators and forest soil than today's machines. Hence new machine solutions must be developed and tested. A practical way is to develop a physical scale model which can be used as a test-bed to incorporate different types of solutions for suspensions, cabin damping, tires and tracks, crane and overall architecture. The aim of this project was to develop such a 1:5 scale model of a forest machine, named as ?Skogbil.A scaling strategy was employed to arrive at important scale dimensions and specifications ofSkogbil which would be comparable to the full scale model.

Sveriges samlade skogsindustriföretag förutspår en förlust av marknadsandelar, eftersom man inte lyckas hålla samma tempo på produktionen som många andra länder. En orsak till detta är att skogsmaskinerna är för långsamma. Skotarna, vars uppgift är att förflytta virket från avverkningsplatsen till en uppsamlingsplats, bär en stor del av skulden. De hinner inte transportera virket tillräckligt snabbt. För att råda bot på detta ska en ny typ av skotare utvecklas, vars plattform inspireras av försvarsteknologi.

The aim for the study was to examine a harwarder´s (combined harvester-Forwarder) productivity when harvesting forest fuel in first thinning stands that contains Lodgepole pine and calculate the economy of the harvesting work and estimate the quality of the thinning . The field study area where located near Arvån, about 15 kilometres south ?east from the city of Lycksele. The field studies were taken place in three different stands. All tree stands had the same tree age, but the tree species combination and the density varied.

Profit in first commercial thinnings of today is hard to achieve. This is because of prevailing pulpwood prices and because of high costs of logging and transport. To reduce these costs higher productivity is advocated. One way to increase the productivity is the use of multi-tree handling harvester heads. The aim of this study was to calculate logging and transport costs in first thinnings, where multi-tree handling has been used.

To guarantee the customers a job satisfactory executed Sydved has been certified by the ISO 14001 standard. One part of the certification is the standards of soil damages. The soil damages were over represented during 1999 and 2000. It was therefore a need to study the problem in order to see what could be done to reduces these damages. A filed study was carried out on 21 subjectively selected stands from the following five districts: Vänersborg, Falköping, Borås, Jönköping and Åseda. As the study is a descriptive study of the soil damages, their character and extension, only stands were tracks were reported were considered.

In an attempt to prevent ground damage and to reduce harvesting costs, StoraEnso's districts Värmbodal and Fryken, selected a number of final felling areas where the base roads have been marked by planners in the districts. The parties involved in the experiment are mainly planners, harvester operators and Forwarder operators. The purpose of this paper is to determine the findings of this trial and to find cost savings or lost revenue. This has been done with a sample of interviews from the involved parties who logged the chosen felling areas. Literature about the interview process has been used to facilitate data collection, interpretation and analysis of the material. If we look at profitability based on assumed income and expenditure, revenue per MWh would be 63 SEK.

Gallring är en beståndsvårdande utglesning där gagnvirke tillvaratas. Syftet med gallring är att styra över produktionen på ett lägre antal stammar och på sikt skapa ett bestånd med en högre medelstamsvolym än om gallring inte genomförts. Gallring kan utföras enligt olika former, vilket påverkar produktiviteten i drivningsarbetet och beståndets karaktär efter utförd åtgärd. I vissa bestånd kan det finnas ett undre skikt av löv eller gran som försvårar gallringen, så kallad försvårande underväxt. Den här studien syftade till att undersöka om underväxtröjning är en åtgärd som kan leda till att minska kostnaderna i gallring i bestånd med underväxt. En tidsstudie utfördes i två talldominerade bestånd med lövdominerad underväxt i 2-3 meters höjd.

The bioenergy market has been introduced relatively late in a perspective of the Swedish forestry. Nowadays branches and tops are used more frequently as bioenergy after harvesting. Therefore, it has developed a competitive situation between pulpwood and bioenergy. This situation has even established some questions. Two examples of these are: ? At what top diameter should the final piece of pulpwood be crosscut to get the best economically result? ? Should the top diameter, at the final piece of pulpwood, be crosscut at a thicker or smaller diameter than what is done today? The purpose of this report is to answer these two questions when the harvesting is made motor manually in beech stands.

Vid gallring med normalstora skördare och skotare används vanligtvis noll, ett eller två beståndsstråk mellan stickvägarna. Arbetsmetodiken har studerats empiriskt, men med en begränsad omfattning per studie. Fördelen med simulering som studiemetod är att man med bra modeller över maskiners prestation kan jämföra flera gallringsmetoder vid inverkan av en stor mängd olika förhållanden. I denna studie har en matematisk prestationsmodell konstruerats för deterministiska jämförelser av dessa metoders drivningskostnad i förstagallring av tall. Modellen innehöll en spatial del för skördaren, med bl.a.

Den första serietillverkade hjulskotaren i Sverige presenterades 1962. Skotaren blev revolutionerande för mekaniseringen av terrängtransporterna. Hästarna ersattes och var i början av 1970-talet nästan borta från skogsbruket. Mekaniseringen innebar stor produktivitetsökning med ökade avverkningsvolymer. Hjulburna skotare har sedan introduktionen tills idag varit dominerande i det svenska skogsbruket. Under 2012 fanns ett fjortontal tillverkare av hjulskotare, vilka succesivt fått bredare hjul, mer avancerade motorer och transmissioner. Syftet med denna studie var att sammanställa tekniska data och försäljningssiffror i Sverige för hjulskotare tillverkade i de Nordiska länderna från deras introduktion 1962 fram till och med 2012 samt att besvara den frågeställning som ställts upp i studien genom att statistiskt styrka trender genom att testa hypoteserna H0: ?1 = 0 och H1: ?1 ? 0. Litteraturstudien har utförts med datainsamling av tekniska specifikationer samt årtal då serietillverkning av skotarna påbörjats.

Earlier attempts at mechanising pre-commercial thinning have been met with varying degrees of success. Most attempts have been based on techniques where residual stems are straddled. Early treatment is essential to limit damage on residual trees. One part of the present study is an evaluation of mechanised pre-commercial thinning using the new Vimek 404R. Vimek 404R is a fairly small machine that permits selective removal of stems, making it potentially suitable also for areas overdue for pre-commercial thinning. The study established the level of performance for the machine, as well as the improvement needed to make it an economically viable option.

Skotningskostnaden utgör ca 10 % av skogsindustrins totala råvarukostnad. Medelskotningsavståndet har stark inverkan på skotningskostnaden. Detta medför att skotningsavståndet är viktigt att skatta rätt, för bra planering och korrekta kostnadskalkyler. Vid gallring och föryngringsavverkning skattas terrängtransportavståndet subjektivt av SCA:s planerare. Körning under pålastning och lossning räknas inte in i det skattade avståndet, utan sträckan avser den bästa verkliga körsträckan från virkets tyngdpunkt på trakten till avläggets tyngdpunkt.

The most predominant method for forest harvesting in Sweden is the cut-to-length method based on two-machines, a harvester that fells trees and cut them in a predefined length, and a Forwarder which transports logs to a landing area for further transport to a processing facility. New machine solutions have to be much gentler to the ground than today?s machines. To be able to develop a forestry machine that preserves the terrain requires a proper understanding of the interaction between tire and soil.The goal of the project is to contribute to the existing knowledge of forest machine tire-soil interaction and to develop a tire-soil model that enables dynamic simulations of forest machines operating in rough terrain. The modeling has especially been focused on the interaction between tires and soft ground.A comparison of theoretical data of different WES-based terrain interaction models and a comparison test data from a full scale field test is presented.

The globalization has increased the trade between different places and countries. Products are now available from all over the world, but this requires transports that have consequences in the environment as well as the economy. New professions are creates that do formality, organize, administrate and implement other businesses transports. Their operations are between the business and customer and they are called logistics companies. The purpose of this report was to study third-party logistics and why more and more companies use this logistics services.

The costs of logging and of transportation with truck are dominating the total cost of wood delivered at industry. To support the profitability for the members' forestry the processing and handling with the timber has to be as efficient as possible. Increased length of pulpwood in thinning is one conduct that can result in higher productivity and/or lower costs. The study is scaled as a system analysis with the aim to exemplify the differences between working with 3- and 4-meter as standard length of pulpwood, related to biological aspects, timber receipts, cost of logging and cost of transportation with truck. Important aspects are if the change is technically and biologically feasible and economically profitable.