Alla elever bör få samma chans att lyckas i skolan, det är viktigt att skapa positiva förväntningar i syfte att skapa motivation hos våra elever. Positiva förväntingar på livet, sig själv och dem man möter är en förutsättning för att utvecklas och må väl som människa. Det handlar om människans frihet att få växa upp, trygg i den man är och utvecklas till, skolan har här ett stort ansvar att låta barn och ungdomar växa upp  i en värld där positiva förväntningar råder och en tro på allt fantastiskt som livet har att erbjuda. Syftet med studien är att undersöka elevers och lärares uppfattningar kring förväntningar. Ett annat syfte är att synliggöra hur förväntningar kan komma till uttryck genom den respons och återkoppling som lärare ger elever och och kanske bidra till fortsatta pedagogiska diskussioner kring formativ bedömning i den verksamhet jag arbetar.    För att besvara studiens frågeställningar har en kvalitativ metod i form av observationer och  samtal genomförts och som ett komplement har en textanalys utförts. I en kvalitativ forskningsmetod utgår man ifrån att verkligheten är subjektiv och tolkas med hjälp känslor, tankar och uppfattningar. Resultatet visar att elevers och lärare uppfattningar kan se likvärdiga ut när man definierar innebörden av begreppen respons och återkoppling, med det finns också skillnader.

Commonly held dietary guidelines discourage full-fat dairy consumption due its to high levels of saturated fatty acids, which are believed to aversely influence cardiovascular disease risk. Cardiovascular diseases cause more than one third of deaths in the developed world. With dairy often providing a large part of energy and nutrients in Western diets, research into its effects on human health is warranted. Several recent studies have suggested a protective role of dairy in the development of cardiometabolic disease. However, many of these have used imprecise methods of dietary assessment, based on questionnaires or interviews. Biomarkers are emerging as a means of evaluating diet in a more objective way. Currently used dairy fat biomarkers are minor fatty acid constituents of dairy that preferably are unique to dairy and not influenced by endogenous metabolism.

The aim is that on the basis of interviews with personnel and clients examine whichexperiences they have of the drug abuse programme and its implementation. To be able toanswer the aim following question has been formulated: (1) What do the personnel and clientthink about the drug abuse program arrangement? (2) In which extend is the programimplemented as thought? (3) How do the personnel assesses the client?s participation? (4)How does the client?s think about their own participation in the program? (5) Do the client?sthink that the program have been helpful in their personal development? A qualitativemethod was chosen and has used a semi structured interview. Total has ten interviews beenimplemented on Rällsögården, five with clients and five with personnel. The study'sinterpretation framework builds on research around drug abuse treatment and theories andmethods that lie to shallow for the drug abuse programme.

Syftet med studien var att beskriva vårdpersonalens uppfattning om risker för undernäring och preventivt arbete hos personer 70 år och äldre, på olika vårdnivåer och inom en kommun. Studien hade en beskrivande design och tolv vårdpersonal deltog, varav fyra sjuksköterskor från en medicinavdelning, två sjuksköterskor, en sjukgymnast och en arbetsterapeut från en hälsocentral samt två sjuksköterskor, en enhetschef och en sjukgymnast från ett äldreboende inom en kommun. Intervjuer användes vid datainsamlingen. Data analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys och bildade kategorierna Tillstånd som utgör en risk för undernäring, Säkerställa näringsintaget, Ett strukturerat arbetssätt samt Samverkan och ansvar. Som risker för undernäring beskrevs sjukdomar, funktionsnedsättning samt förlorad uppfattning om vikten.

This thesis was performed as assignment from Fazer Food Services. The aim was to survey which food additives that were present in the products in the quotation list of one of their suppliers to the Education and Nursing segment. The aim also was to perform a theoretical analysis of these food additives and to make recommendations which food additives are acceptable and which should be excluded from the products in the future. The recommendations are not published in this report, for more information Fazer Food Services can be contacted. Food additives which have already been approved are regarded as safe according to the safety evaluation methods available at the time of approval.

The aim of the present paper was to see why a recommended course of action is not always followed in the way it is supposed to. The paper deals with a new method (SFA-metoden) used by The Social Insurance Agency in working with sick-listed people. Aspects that are elaborated on are local effects of the method at its introduction, case managers work conditions, and control of the implementation of the method. Two different methods of investigation have been employed. On the one hand, previous reports on the method have been analysed, and, on the other hand, two focus groups interviews, one consisting of case managers´ working with the method, and one constituted by their supervisors have been carried out.The results have been analysed in accordance with, on the one hand, the theory of street level bureaucrats and, on the other hand, certain concepts applied in the new institutionalism.

This study is a degree project in environmental engineering at Mälardalens university. Its purpose has been to perform a risk assessment on whether or not any contaminations are present in the soil at two properties in Köping. The assessment was to be done accordingly to a method that has been set up by The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket). The method for investigation of contaminated sites is called MIFO. MIFO consists of two stages.

Syftet med detta arbete har främst varit att lära oss mer om bedömning. Vi har uppmärksammat bedömningens avgörande roll för elevers kunskapsinlärning och intervjuat några lärare om vad de har för uppfattning om bedömning. Fokus har lagts på resonemanget kring relationen mellan de-ras syn på bedömning och olika måltyper. I resultatet redogör vi för de olika lärarnas resonemang kring målen, bedömningssätt och bedöm-ningssituationer. Vi har även uppmärksammat att vissa lärare har en intuitiv kunskap om vad ele-verna kan och detta problematiserar vi i diskussionen, men har även redogjort för, de av oss in-tervjuade lärarnas resonemang kring detta.

Aphasia is a linguistic impairment which affects communication and may have an impact on a person?s narrative ability. The purpose of the present study was to analyse the narrative ability in aphasia by narrative interviews with people with aphasia and their partners. The interviews were scrutinised for strategies used in joint narration involving couples where one of the spouses has aphasia. The definition of strategies was methods to cope with communicative difficulties often due to aphasia.

The right to non-discrimination is a fundamental part of human rights. Sweden has enacted legislation which prohibits employers from discriminating or harassing employees and job seekers. Swedish authorities also receive a substantial amount of complaints concerning ethnic discrimination in the workplace every year and there are volumes of research showing structural injustices related to discrimination. Despite these facts few employers have so far been found guilty of discrimination on ethnic grounds in Swedish courts.This thesis aims to shed lights on and analyse how the Swedish anti-discrimination legislation is utilised in the Swedish Labour Court regarding discrimination and harassment on ethnic grounds. On the basis that very few lawsuits brought on behalf of employees/job seekers have been successful it is hypothesized that there are problems either with the form of the legislation or the assessment of the court.

AimThe purpose of this study is to examine which tools teachers, teaching physical education, are using for assessment and grading in primary schools.IssuesHow it is perceived by teachers to assess and grade the students? How have the assessment and grading tools been developed?How do the teachers document what they assess and grade?How do the teachers communicate to the students what they assess and grade?MethodThe study has a qualitative approach in which the study design is represented by several semi-structured qualitative interviews. The semi-structured interview guide was authored using the foundations of ramfaktorteorin and an overall hermeneutisk approach. The interviews were then carried out with six physical education and health teachers from the Stockholm area. The interviews were recorded with a voice recorder and transcribed.

The basis for this study is the question of what happens at the point of impact between receiver and message in the case of a social marketing campaign on Facebook promoting sustainable travel. Hence the aim of this study is to analyse the reception of the social marketing campaign Fairadise in a sample of 19 individuals. The design of the study is therefore reception analysis with the help of four focus groups and thematic analysis to later identify patterns and themes in the gathered material. The theoretical approaches were collected from the field of media and communication and focused on public communication campaigns, public understanding of public communication campaigns as well as decoding of messages. The questions posed were; how is the Facebook campaign Fairadise received by the focus group participants? How do the participants read (decode) the campaign; dominant, negotiated or oppositional? And what assessments do the participants have regarding the visual versus textual information in the campaign? Previous research has shown that visual and emotional attributes are of great importance when it comes to interpreting messages about sustainable tourism and that rational information attributes are of less importance. The findings in this study agree with this previous research except when it comes to rational information.

ABSTRACTBackground: After general anesthesia the cognitive ability is temporarily impaired. Cognitive recovery is necessary for the patient to be able to assimilate the information that she / he gets postoperatively. It also increases the patient safety. There are few methods to estimate and assess the patient's cognitive recovery before and after anesthesia. The purpose of this study is to test the usefulness of the instrument PQRS and to assess the patients cognitive recovery after anesthesia.

AimThe aim of the study was to develop a method for the survey of play movement demands and temporal patterns in order to enable a descriptive study of the defensive players in American Football. The overall aim was to  improve the understanding of how American Football is played to create opportunities for enhancement of current or developing new training methods to better suit football.MethodFifty plays from a Division 3 college football game on video from 2005 was divided into sequences of action for one player each from the defensive line, linebackers and defensive backs and analyzed with the video analyzing software cSwing. Every players sequence of action was recorded in a spreadsheet and noted on a scaled football field where distances were measured and together with time stamps from cSwing velocity was calculated.ResultsUsing this method it was possible to describe the play movement demands and temporal patterns which was the main task of the study. The defensive end worked on an average 4.61 seconds per play, the distance was 12.4 meters and average speed 2.5 m×s-1. The linebacker worked on an average 4.35 s per play, 13.7 m and at a mean speed of 3.0 m×s-1.

When the local authorities establish a plan for land use planning, they have to judge if the influence on the environment could be of such a grade that they have to make a special Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), following national laws and EU-directives. The laws for the process in Sweden is set by the Swedish Parliament, with advisory given by the central government authority, the National Board of Housing, Building and Planning, Boverket. For EU, the laws is set by the European Parliament and the Council. The laws and directions for this process have been changed for Sweden in recent years, and the aim of this study was to compare the contents of three different Environmental Impact Assess¬ments to see if there has been any change in appearances and content in later years, as well as to see if different municipalities and authors have effect on the EIAs. According to different studies some of the EIA done are without insufficient focus on main environmental issues in the EIA, or even that some information is missing.