The amendment of a law which is expected to come may well have a significant impact on the Swedish real-estate broke market. The law change will probably have an effect in the number of ways real-estate brokers will compete as a result of the increasing variety of services offered. In order to gain competitive advantages brokers must be at the forefront in the development regarding the changing market. To do so requires that the company chooses an appropriate range of peripheral services that are profitable. The problem is to choose the ?right? services to convey. The purpose of this paper is to describe the services that are in demand for transmission and how the agents can work to meet the demand of this new market.

Problem/bakgrund:"Mångfald" är ett begrepp som fick fart på 1990-talet och användes först med tanke på den "ras"/etniska mångfalden. "Jämställdhet" mellan könen har en längre historia bakom sig och är fortfarande mer studerat som begrepp. Många företag och organisationer har tagit sig an dessa frågor som viktiga att arbeta med och har skapat handlingsplaner och policys. "Mångfald" innefattar numera ofta en bredare beskrivning då kategorier som sexuell läggning, funktionshinder, religion och även kön m m är inkluderat. Begrepp som dessa uppfattas ofta som ganska självklara och med positiv respons, därför är det intressant att studera hur en arbetsplats verkligen förhåller sig kring dessa frågor.Syfte:Syftet med uppsatsen är att studera hur begreppen "mångfald" och "jämställdhet" konstrueras, upplevs och används på en förvaltning inom Region Skåne.

This study investigates the relation between cyberbullying and traditional bullying (in school). In previous research it has been argued that one should separate cyberbullying and traditional bullying both in definitional and measurements issues. However, in Swedish school, there are no marked differences between the two forms of bullying, teachers are responsible to prevent them both. The research is based on 3925 students in years 3-9 (1950 girls and 1975 boys) in 19 schools in the Gothenburg region and two from the Stockholm region. The students have taken a digital survey at school, regarding both traditional and cyber bullying.

The aim in this thesis is to use carbon, nitrogen and sulfur isotope analysis on teeth and bone to track diet and mobility of the population as well as the individual level from the articulated and disarticulated individuals from the passage grave Frälsegården, situated in Gökhem parish in the region of Falbygden, western Sweden.50 human samples were analyzed from tooth, mandibula and femur, together with 11 faunal samples from different bone elements of local wild and domestic animals.The results fall well in line with earlier stable isotope work done on passage grave individuals from Falbygden in stable isotopes: A homogenous group with a diet which was clearly terrestrial and lived on a pretty high trophic level. It also seems that the analyzed individuals deliberately focused their food intake to the cultural and natural, megalith and limestone landscape of Falbygden, and not to its surroundings, even if the passage grave is situated in the outermost areas of the region.A small study compares the sulfur results to with earlier work done on strontium isotopes. The results show that the different methods might provide a deeper understanding in the interpretation of the methods, and therefore suggesting that further work should be done to compare the methods..

Syftet med denna kvalitativa studie var att undersöka hur sjuksköterskor använder professionell tolk som verktyg i omvårdnaden av patienter som inte behärskar det svenska språket samt hur kommunikationen möjliggörs då professionell tolk inte anlitas. Leiningers teori om transkulturell omvårdnad användes som teoretisk referensram i studien. Datainsamling gjordes i form av nio intervjuer med sjuksköterskor från tre olika avdelningar på samma klinik. I resultatet framkom att professionell tolk användes i begränsad utsträckning och att sjuksköterskor istället främst tog hjälp av anhöriga och flerspråkig personal för att kommunicera med patienter som inte behärskar det svenska språket. Endast ett fåtal sjuksköterskor i studien kände till att språktolkservice erbjuder telefontolkning och sjuksköterskorna såg fler nackdelar än fördelar med tjänsten.

Rörelse och framkomlighet har alltid spelat en stor roll för samhällsutvecklingen. Människans geografiska räckvidd har ökat mycket under de senaste 50 åren och detta tack vare bilen. Detta har fått vissa konsekvenser såsom glesare städer, miljöförstöring och ökat antal trafikolyckor för att nämna några. Planering av våra transportsystem har skett utan eftertanke och är byggda utan större hänsyn till miljön, vilket är ohållbart och det måste till en förändring i användandet av våra transportsystem. Trafikverket är en svensk statlig organisation som står för den långsiktiga planeringen av det samlande transportsystemet i Sverige.

The study focuses on mapping how well prepared the counties in the west region of Sweden is in case of restructuring. The study explores what kind of activities and routines that contributes to prepare the organization for restructuring. The study also aims to investigate the effect of precedent restructuring, and if the counties who experienced restructuring are more prepared than others.The research within the field of restructuring characterizes of an evaluating nature and the focus has been after the restructuring occurred. There have also been a lot of studies of the negative consequences on individual and organizational level. Since downsizing is a frequently used method by management despite its consequences is it important to investigate how organizations can learn and thereby be more prepared for restructuring.

The topic of this thesis interest is the relation between branding as a place making/marketing technology and the process of regionalization. The main proposition advocated is that the officially communicated image of the Øresund Region, as a cohesive place and community, is a space that has been configured with branding and can be described as a territorial simulation. The concept of territorial simulation consists of two conjoined terms: simulation which aim at explaining the idiosyncratic brand image, as a social formation, which does not represent the place it imitates but commoditise it; and territorial which seeks to visualize the process of the unfolding of this image as a territory. The main argument is made in the third chapter, which traces the process of actualization of the brand image as a territory: ?Øresund?.

SammanfattningOffentliga organisationer är ofta komplexa vilket innebär utmaningar i utformning och genomförande av styrning. Ett flertal internationella studier har publicerats om styrning inom den offentliga sektorn.  Dock behövs ytterligare empiriska studier och teoretisk utveckling för att ge stöd till chefer inom offentlig sektor för att de ska kunna utnyttja resursstyrningens potential.Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur styrning praktiskt tillämpas vid valda förvaltningar inom Region Gotland, samt vilken kongruens som finns mellan de olika styrmodeller som används.Region Gotland är en av många offentliga organisationer i Sverige som har tillämpat NPM-principer. Kundorientering, decentralisering och användning av styrmodeller utvecklade för det privata näringslivet genomsyrar organisationen. Det är flera olika former för styrning och ett antal olika styrmodeller tillämpas samtidigt. En kombination av olika former av styrning och styrmodeller utgör en styrmix inom organisationen.Empiriska data samlades genom semi-strukturerade intervjuer samt genom analys av Region Gotlands skriftliga styrdokument.

An attempt was made to GFP-tag the effector proteins of AvrLm6 and AvrLm4-7 using the GFP-tagging gene knockout method (GGKO) developed by Saitoh et al. (2008) in order to determine whether or not they are secreted. Successful pETHG-(target)KO vectors were not generated. The protocol was examined for potential errors. Fatal errors were pinpointed to the ligation reaction and the transformation required to generate and propagate the desired vector pETGH-(target)KO.

Flera olika arter av mjölksyrabakterier som ingår i släktena Lactobacillus och Bifidobacterium har hittats hos bin och i deras honung. Idag finns ingen effektiv metod för identifiering av bakterierna. Syftet med detta projekt är att utveckla en metod för snabb identifiering genom att hitta lämpliga primers till olika mjölksyrabakterier och därmed få fram en Polymeraskedjereaktion (PCR) metod. Ribosomal ribonukleinsyra (rRNA) generna eller 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region (ISR) används ofta vid design av primers, som därefter används i PCR för att identifiera olika bakterier. Deoxiribonukleinsyra (DNA) visualiseras i agarosgelen med hjälp av SYBRgreen I som fluorescens på ultraviolett (UV)-ljusbord.

Discussions of structural racism has now moved to the forefront of the Swedish society, and many researchers have sought to understand what form it takes, how it is manifested, how it is exploited and challenged. At the core of this debate we find the media, and its logic embedded with mechanisms of simplification and polarization.Media is our key source of knowledge and information, why it also affects our norms, beliefs and preconceptions. Media thus has the power to mediate, amplify or challenge how we conceptualize the world, and subsequently our (unconscious) racist beliefs.To investigate how media content is influenced by underlying colonial or racist assumptions and stereotypes thus becomes a way to investigate our understanding of reality.In accordance with postcolonial thought, structural and symbolic racism is embedded in language and hidden in images, and surface in the form of domination and feminization, and the portrayal of the subaltern ?Other? as passive and irrational.This paper thus departs from postcolonial theory and media logic to undercover hidden patterns of structural, symbolic and historically contingent racism in one of Sweden?s most prominent in-depth foreign TV-magazines, namely Korrespondenterna.Adopting Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), this paper explores to what extent racist and colonial stereotypes are reproduced and/or challenged in Korrespondenterna?s representation of Sub-Saharan Africa.In line with postcolonial theory it is found that historically contingent racialized stereotypes are prevalent in Korrespondenterna, and that tendencies of portraying Africa and Africans as passive, feminine and irrational are prevailing.It is thus argued that media logic, imbedded with mechanisms of simplification, polarization and intensification, contributes to the use of colonial stereotypes in media, and thus to the mediation of structural and symbolic racism..

The purpose of this study is to analyze how places can be marketed through tourism brochures. The study is based on a discourse analysis and texts and pictures from three brochures, which come from the region of Småland in Sweden, have been analyzed. The first brochure is from Visit Småland, the second from Vetlanda municipality and the third from Värnamo municipality. With the rise of globalization one of the consequences has been the increased opportunity for tourists to visit places all over the world, which also resulted in a greater competition between places than before. One reaction to this has been the increased marketing of each place unique characteristics in the tourist brochures.

Olika socioekonomiska faktorer som utbildning, inkomst, ålder, familjestatus och kön har betydelse för individens hälsa och hur individen själv producerar i sin hälsa. Hälsa både efterfrågas och produceras av individen, för att kunna göra detta efterfrågas varor och tjänster på marknaden som ingår i individens nyttofunktion. För att kunna köpa varorna krävs att en del av tiden fördelas till marknadsarbete och en del till hushållsproduktion. Inom ramen för hushållsproduktion produceras hälsan. Effektiviteten i produktionen av hälsa påverkas bland annat av hur mycket utbildning individen har.

The bulk of the research within the field of media and communication is concentrated at theforefront of development, studies focus on modern companies and modern communication.However, many people work in the industry, where the conditions for communication are partly different. The aim of this study is to explore the possibilities for internal communication that the employees have at the base industrial company of Billerud Gruvön, Sweden. How important do they feel that communication is? Can the internal communication within Gruvön be described as modern, where dialogue between the staff is possible, or as orders from the top down to the bottom of the hierarchal structure?These are our research questions:Which channels are used for communication within Gruvön, and how are they used?How important do the employees deem the internal communication to be?Can the communication within a hierarchal industrial company such as Gruvön be described as modern, where dialogue is at the center, or does the communication consist basically on orders from the top down to the bottom of the chain?Our research is based on the following theories: Communication, Organizational communication, Internal communication and Organizational culture. We have looked to earlier research such as the doctorates of Simonsson (2002) and Johansson (2003) to further our understanding.The methods used are interviews with operators, middle management and the informationofficer at Gruvön.