Neospora caninum is an intracellular parasite that was first recognized in dogs in 1984. The parasite is now one of the most commonly diagnosed infectious causes of abortion in cattle word wide. N. caninum is transmitted to cattle in two ways. They may be infected from eating food contaminated with oocysts from a definitive host or they may be infected in utero from an infected mother. The infection is transmitted efficiently from cow to her offspring and this can occur for generations.

Growing up as a child, we had a Dog. To us, it was like a means to an end. That is, hunting other animals for food and for protection, with no special care and treatment given to this animal. Butas days passed by I began to witness a wind of change against such actions. I was made to understand that we were committing two crimes-: using the Dog as a means to an end (for hunting and for eating animals).

In the care for the critically ill patient the next of kin is of great importance. Their support, love and care for the patient, increases the wellbeing and makes a connection to the patient?s normal lifeworld. For the next of kin to be able to be that support the next of kin needs to be helped to maintain the basic need of for example their sleep, food, hygiene and psychosocial support. The critical care nurse must see to the patient?s whole lifeworld which includes their next of kin.The aim of the study was to identify the resources available for the next of kin in intensive care units in Sweden.

A substantial part of the Swedish outdoor education is being practiced in so called ?school forests?. The concept school forest was first introduced in the 1980?s by the organization Skogen i Skolan. The definition of a school forest is an area that is being used for educational purposes, over which the school and the land owner has reached an agreement of how the school may utilize it.

This is a bachelor thesis, written at the business studies institute, Uppsala Unviersity, exploring how digitalization has affected the Swedish book industry. This is done by studying how the introduction of the e-book has changed the way the publishers work and what problems and opportunities arise with the new way to publish and consume books. The technology optimists, that existed around the turn of the millennium, when the e-book came, made predictions along the lines of the physical book having ceased to exist within five to ten years. But the physical paper books do very much still exist, so haven?t the change happened as predicted? The purpose of this thesis is as follows: How has introduction of the e-book affected the relationship between the Swedish publishers and the book as a whole? This means that we consider the book as a concept, as a resource or product, and study how a change in this product affect publishers.The theoretical framework used is basically classical network theory.

Pathogenic microorganisms pose a big threat towards food production. Meanwhile, negative impacts on humans and environment are seen by the use of pesticides. Biological control agents are an alternative to the use of chemical pesticides, and plant-growth promoting rhizobacteria, such as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been shown to have good properties as biocontrol agents. Before these bacteria can be used commercially their impact on other soil organisms has to be evaluated. This thesis looks into what biocontrol bacteria are and how they might affect earthworms.

SAMMANFATTNINGNyckelord: ApoDos, LSS, sjuksköterska, kvalitetssäkring, läkemedelsbehandlingBakgrund: I enlighet med sjuksköterskans kompetensbeskrivning och ApoDos riktlinjer, ligger ett stort ansvar på sjuksköterskan gällande uppföljning av patienters läkemedelsbehandlingar. Sjuksköterskan skall även samverka med andra aktörer i vårdkedjan och sträva efter en god informationsöverföring mellan dessa, i syfte att kvalitetssäkra vården.Syfte: Utifrån sjuksköterskans erfarenheter beskriva rutiner för uppföljning av läkemedelsbehandlingar, hos patienter med ApoDos och boende enligt LSS, samt identifiera eventuella välfungerande- och bristande rutiner.Metod: Studien har en deskriptiv design med kvalitativ ansats. Fem intervjuer genomfördes med sjuksköterskor, samtliga verksamma på LSS-boenden inom Uppsala kommun. Det inhämtade materialet analyserades enligt en reviderad version av Graneheim och Lundmans (2004) metod för innehållsanalys. Resultat: Resultatet visar att det finns vissa bristande rutiner och ett behov av bättre kommunikation samt tydligare riktlinjer för ansvarsfördelningen mellan olika aktörer vid uppföljning av patienternas läkemedelsbehandlingar.

The movement of the allotment gardens reached Sweden in the beginning of the last century. The allotment gardens quickly spread among the big towns from Malmö in the south and to the far north of the country. Today, there are about 42 000 owners of allotment gardens in Sweden. This work will show the differencies and similarities comparing the original ideas of allotment gardens with how they are used today. The specific questions were; what are the reasons to acquire an allotment garden; is it used for raising vegetables and fruit or only for growing flowers; is what is cultivated there also gathered and used or is it cultivated only for the pleasure of gardening; and finally how the owners of the allotment gardens spend their time there ? by cultivating the land or by recreational activities. Literature studies were made as well as an inquiry at one allotment garden area i Lund. The ideas of the original allotment gardens in the beginning of the 20th century were as much based on the need of getting out of the aparment to a healthy environment, as cultivating vegetables for economical reasons.

The reindeer are kept in extensive pasture systems where the conditions are similar to thosefor wild reindeer. Since the reindeer have special demands on their pasture, it is difficult tokeep them in intensive production systems where they cannot graze selectively. Too manyreindeer on a small area will also facilitate spread of diseases. A selection program forreindeer needs special qualifications according to several different reasons. The purpose withthis literature review is to summarize the factors needed for a reindeer selection program andthe problems and possibilities included.Reindeer grazing right has a special meaning to the Sami and are reserved for them accordingto immemorial rights.

Antalet läkemedel som lanseras på marknaden har minskat under mer än ett decennium, vilket väcker frågan om huruvida det finns brister i de metoder och resonemang som används vid utvecklingen av ett nytt läkemedel. Syftet i den här litteraturstudien var att utreda delar av frågan kring eventuella brister med hjälp av följande frågeställningar: Vilka in vitro potenser kan man hitta vid en litteratursökning för några på marknaden etablerade humana och/eller veterinära läkemedelssubstanser? Hur förhåller sig in vitro potensen för dessa substanser till den terapeutiska plasmakoncentrationen/det terapeutiska intervallet som har fastställts för dem? Vad finns det i dagsläget för teorier kring eventuella brister i den rådande läkemedelsutvecklingsprocessen? In vitro potens-data för nio etablerade läkemedelssubstanser samlades in och jämfördes med respektive substans terapeutiska plasmakoncentration och en kvot erhölls som sedan relaterades till det resultat som presenterades i en mastersuppsats i farmaci av Fabian Göransson där motsvarande kvot genererades för 150 etablerade läkemedelssubstanser. Det sammanvägda resultatet, med tyngdpunkt på Fabians Göranssons resultat, visar att antagandet att den terapeutiska plasmakoncentrationen är minst tre gånger högre än in vitro potensen kan leda till främst överestimering men också underestimering av den terapeutiska plasmakoncentrationen och att substanser tenderar att vara mer potenta in vivo än in vitro. Därför behövs en högre grad av flexibilitet när ovan nämnda antagande praktiseras under läkemedelsutvecklingsprocessen. Efter en kortare utblick över några teorier kring brister i dagens läkemedelsutvecklingsprocess verkar det som att läkemedelsindustrin behöver revidera samt ifrågasätta lämpligheten hos de principer som idag praktiseras inom området. .

Background: In 1994 came the general prescription law in force for the district nurses with specific training in pharmacology and pathology in Sweden. According to The National Board of Health and Welfare from 2004 follow-up of the use of the prescription law revealed that nearly half of the district nurses used their prescription once a week. According to previous research the district nurses and patients were positive to the district nurses administration of prescriptions. Doctors, contrariwise, were not as favorable to the district nurses administration of prescriptions. The responsibility of the heads of the health centers is to promote the district nurses to prescribe and make sure that it works in a satisfactory manner.

It is important, for companies operating on a homogeneous product market, to understand and adapt to customer needs. Since coffee is a homogeneous product in food retail it is vital for coffee companies to work extensively with differentiation and the fierce competition. The prevailing homogenity makes it difficult for companies to develop the product itself and must therefore work to create added value to the product.The purpose of this thesis is to carry out a study on consumer decision-making when purchasing homogeneous products, and to examine how companies work to strengthen their brand and gain market share in a homogeneous product market. The market that this thesis highlights is the coffee market.To answer the purpose of this thesis the writers have conducted a questionnaire survey regarding consumers? decision-making process and interviewed two marketing managers for two major actors on the coffee market.

In the country of Jordan, egg production is very important economically, but several bacte-ria are involved in food borne diseases transmitted from eggs or other poultry products. The most important are Salmonella spp., Campylobacter jejuni and Escherichia coli. In Jordan two different housing systems are used for hens in large scale egg production; con-ventional cages and litter floor systems. Eggs from four different farms were analysed and compared to see if a difference could be found regarding the presence of pathogenic bacte-ria on the egg surfaces between these two systems. Total number of aerobic bacteria was analysed, the presence of Salmonella spp., C.

Travelling All Inclusive implicate that a traveler goes on a trip where food, beverage, room and sometimes activities are included as everything is already paid in advance. The purpose with this study is to examine what it is that have motivated people to travel All Inclusive and to examine how people and travel companies reason about the possible economical effect All Inclusive have on a destination and a local population. We chose to conduct a survey over Facebook. As a complement to the survey and to find out how travel companies reflect on All Inclusives effects, we chose to implement email interviews with Ticket, Solresor and Airtours. The theories in this study focus on travel motivation, travel personalities and All Inclusive's impact on a destination and a local population.

En del personer, framförallt osttillverkare och butiksinnehavare, hävdar att det finns sensoriska skillnader mellan ostar gjorda på pastöriserad och opastöriserad mjölk. Frågan är om detta stämmer och vad som i så fall skiljer dem åt smak-, textur- och arommässigt. Det här är en litteraturstudie som bygger på fakta från fyra vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna, som alla är vetenskapligt granskade och publicerade i någon tidskrift, hämtades från någon av databaserna Summon och Food Science and Technology Abstracts (FSTA). I alla artiklar framgick det att det fanns tydliga sensoriska skillnader mellan ostar gjorda på pastöriserad och opastöriserad mjölk.