Since early civilization, herbal tea has been used as remedies for an abundance of different diseases. Among these herbal remedies, peppermint (Mentha piperita) was used for its effect on bowel related ailments. Even though peppermint was not described until late 17th century, it has been used since 1000 years before Christ by the Egyptians. In present day it is still considered a remedy for stomach pain etcetera, and much of the recent research is concentrated on the positive effects of peppermint on pain and bowel diseases. A large section of the research is also reviewing positive effects of peppermint on cancer, allergy and also on its potential as antibacterial agent.

SyfteAtt genom en fallstudie vid Gävle Energi belysa viktiga diskussioner i beslutsprocessen vid val av produktkalkyleringsmodell. Att ge Gävle Energis affärsområde Kommunikation ett förslag på modell för produktkalkylering, inklusive ett implementeringsförslag.MetodVi har valt att genomföra en kvalitativ fallstudie som baseras på ett flertal intervjuer. Informationen som vi har samlat in under intervjuerna ligger till grund för avsnitten empiri, process och slutdiskussion. Vi har vidare studerat teorier för att få information till teorikapitlet samt till processen där empiri och teori förenas. I processen analyserar vi den information vi samlat in för att i slutet kunna redogöra vilka beslut som har varit avgörande vid valet av modell samt ge företaget ett förslag på lämplig modell.Resultat & slutsatsFöretaget efterfrågade en standardiserad enkel modell för produktkalkylering i en komplex verksamhet.

Previous research has recognized that advertising creativity can result in positive signaling effects for consumers, thus proving creativity to be a useful tool and not a wasteful effort within marketing. However, research within this matter has only lightly touched upon the outcome of signaling effects within a business-to-business context. Since other implications prevail within a B2B market - for instance the professional position in which individuals act, the existence of buying centers, and the heavy weight placed on most decisions - the conception and influence of advertising creativity may be altered. This paper aims to give an overview of whether increased advertising creativity results in positive signaling effects among individuals employed within a B2B context. Furthermore, the paper aspires to examine the potential influence of aspects prevailing within B2B markets, such as the need for contemplating the desires of numerous individuals involved, on the outcome of advertising creativity.

It has now passed two years since the new site- and construction law, PBL, went into force. It replaced the previous PBL applicable since 1987, and it involves relatively large changes in many different areas of the construction sector. The ambitions of the new law are for instance to simplify and clarify the legal text, increase efficiency in the permitting processes and improve the quality of construction. To achieve this, a variety of changes was made. Some of the most important are: inserted deadline in the processing of building applications, extended assessment of building applications, revised rules about controlplan and quality manager, a certificate is required to start and end the project, an additional meeting is inserted and the construction management of the municipalities will have to do a mandatory visit at the work scene.

I många sammanhang är det önskvärt att importera data från textfiler, excelfiler och liknande till en databas. För detta krävs att data i något skede översätts till en ER-modell (Entity Relationship), en modell som beskriver relevanta delar i ett databasschema. Modellen för hur denna översättning ser ut varierar från fall till fall.I det här examensarbetet har en applikation tagits fram för import av data till en ER-modell ur ett modellperspektiv i linje med Model Driven Architecture (MDA) ?. Vinsten ligger i att använda en metamodell som beskriver hur olika modeller för transformering från tabelldata till en ER-modell får se ut.

Den snabba utvecklingen inom informationsteknik bidrar till stora mängder av digitala handlingar. Den tekniska utvecklingen accelererar och innovationscyklerna blir kortare. Varje år skapas det mängder av information som hanteras och sparas i bland annat databaser. Av praktiska skäl, inte minst av lagliga skäl vill enskilda individer och organisationer kunna bevara informationen som finns lagrad i databaser på ett långsiktigt sätt. Dagens sätt att hantera de olika tekniker för användning av databaser styrs av beslut som baseras på varierande faktorer såsom kostnader, kunskaper, befintliga plattformar, ändamål, med mera.

Companies in the apparel industry are becoming increasingly responsible with regards to the social and environmental issues related to textile production. Despite these tendencies, there are great insecurities surrounding the concept of CSR and the effects on consumers of CSR communication. There is currently no model for breaking the concept of CSR down into smaller elements, specific for the apparel industry. In the first part of this thesis, we create such a model, applicable in a consumer communication context. In the second part, we investigate the effects on consumer attitudes and intentions of communicating the different elements of CSR presented in the model.

Within the last year many companies have proactively started to communicate their flaws and weaknesses, believing that this will lead to they being perceived as more personal and human. Dominos Pizza is one of many examples of a company using this practice as a strategic tool for communication. However, the problem concerning the above arises as we found that there was a very limited amount of research defining the effects of communicating flaws, where the company's both dispatcher and initiator. Our study aims to fill the gap between this growing trend and the limited research explaining the communication effects. The study was carried out as an experiment where a total of 420 respondents participated.

One of the most crucial entries in the financial statements is revenue. Despite the importanceof revenue a lot of mistakes are made concerning this entry because of the extensive room forjudgements. Especially in the construction companies where a lot of differences exist due tothe fact that different standards are used for similar business transactions.The research concerning IFRIC 15 and the new upcoming standard for revenue recognition isnot very extensive. Studies including both IFRIC 15 and the new standard are even morelimited. Therefore this study aims to compare the effects of IFRIC 15 and the new upcomingstandard for revenue recognition, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, in three Swedishconstruction companies.

The purpose of this paper is to study how Swedish CFOs perceive that the requirement for companies to issue quarterly reports affect business operations in the company. The fact that it is regulations on the Stockholm Stock Exchange, and not the law, that requires companies to issue quarterly reports makes Sweden unique in Europe. The paper is based on interviews with CFOs from 32 companies quoted on the Stockholm Stock Exchange. The major finding in the study is that a majority of the CFOs perceive that the pressure for short term results, created by quarterly reports, affect their work and the investment decisions made in the company. Also CFOs feel that the market over interprets the information given in quarterly reports.

Huvudsyftet med uppsatsen är att utforma en modell, vars uppgift är att ligga till grund för analys av belöningssystem. Undersyftet är att applicera modellen på banksektorn. För att uppnå vårt huvudsyfte utgick vi från teori om belöningssystem. Undersyftet uppnåddes genom en kvalitativ studie på de tre bankerna Handelsbanken, SEB och Nordea. Primärdata inhämtades från intervjuer och sekundärdata främst från böcker och artiklar.

This essay has examined the effects that new issues had on the four Swedish football clubs that are organized as sport limited companies. The difference between a limited company and a sporting limited company is that the clubs always have majority ownership by the 51% rule. Previous research on sport limited companies and on new issues has been associated with the agent theory and the pecking order theory in order to explain the effects.The thesis is a qualitative study with an inductive approach, where the interviews have been selected as the method of collecting data. Through the years the clubs have performed new issues several times. The study says that the clubs perform a new issue for two reasons, either for investment purposes or because they have a poor economy and must collect liquid assets.

Syftet med denna C-uppsats är (1) att finna en teoretisk modell kring begreppet sekt och (2) att utifrån denna modell undersöka vilka sektliknande drag Amish uppvisar i ett avgränsat material..

This paper examines and analyzes effects of the introduction of a new management control system tool within a Swedish public health organization, the Södra Älvsborg hospital, and its possible effect on organizational change. The new management control system tool, known as the SÄS-model, has been widely criticized for being too costly and with too small positive effects to be shown. Our approach has with that as a background been to examine whether the implementation of the SÄS-model and its balanced scorecard has been able to result in effects regarding organizational change. We have through a case study aimed to analyze how a management control system, much alike one that is typically used within foremost private organizations, can promote organizational change. Our results suggest that the implementation of the SÄS-model and the balanced scorecard has given the organization clearer visions and goals.

Opioids are considered the "golden standard" in pain management for both humans and small animals, but is used less often in equine medicine - probably for fear of side effects. Are there any studies that suggest that side effects are a major problem, or is it lack of experience which is the greatest obstacle to use? As early as 1937 it was shown that morphine and morphine derivatives provide analgesia in horses. For species other than horses used opioids often both pre-, intra-and postoperatively. They relieve pain effectively and are often included in the anesthesia protocol.