In 1995 something happened that radically changed the European football. This was the arrival of the Bosman ruling, a decision made by the European Court of Justice which meant that players with an expired contract could change clubs for free and that the European Union's internal market including the free movement of labour was now a part of the European football. The effects of theBosman ruling are wildly discussed today. Many powerful people in the European football mean that football now is less competitive than before, that there are a small amount of teams that actually have the ability to win any trophies. This bachelor thesis is studying the effects of the competitive forces in football after the Bosman ruling as a case of the free movement in the European Union.

Företag inom teknologisk industri konkurrerar om ständiga innovationer och patent. Det är endast det första företaget som uppnår patent för en innovation. Det uppstår därför patentkapplöpningar. Dessa kan analyseras utifrån olika modeller. I denna uppsats behandlas enkel modell och learningmodell.

Companies within the e-commerce industry currently try to overcome the disadvantages of not being able to provide a physical inspection of products, and this is especially an issue for the apparel industry. One way of trying to overcome this issue is by presenting apparel with a short video of a model wearing the garment. The aim in this thesis is to investigate how these video presentations affect consumers' emotions, cognitions and intentions. Since previous studies have found that different shopping scenarios can moderate the effect of stimuli in the atmosphere on the consumers' emotions, we also aim to see if a video presentation, depending on the shopping scenario, could have a negative impact on site visitors. Moreover this thesis investigates the moderating effects of involvement on consumers' cognitions.

This study examines the effects of credit risk and information disclosure in the new bank regulating system Basel II on bank and bank customer. The effects are then discussed in a perspective of the economic man and information asymmetric theories. Furthermore is the Basel II effects on the capital adequacy of Andelsbanken för Åland examined.The approach of the study is qualitative and several interviews with individuals on different levels of the examined bank, Andelsbanken för Åland, have been carried out during the collecting of empirical facts about the effects of the regulating change from the Basel I system to Basel II.The research findings are as follows:Andelsbanken för Åland have increased its capital adequacy ratio from 12,7 percent to 14,4 percent, mostly due to lower risk weights on housing mortgages compared to Basel I. Andelsbanken för Åland have started to use a completely new credit risk and customer assessment system which classifies every customer and gives them a credit rating. The system cause a much heavier information gathering of the customers profile as well as a much better assessment of risk than the previous system, which the bank finds positive.

Thesis purposeThe study aims to examine the effects vertical and horizontal line extensions might have on the total parent brand equity in terms of strength and its baseline product regarding of market share, loyalty and penetration under an elapsed period of time. The study aims to investigate a number of actual conducted line extensions effect on the above mentioned aspects of Kellers (1993) definition of brand strength as a part of the total brand equity. MethodologyThe effect of a number of line extensions of the parent brands and the baseline products is being examined in terms of market share, loyalty rate, cannibalization and market penetration. The thesis is focused on the correlations between these different parameters during a certain elapsed time ratio in order to test our theoretically routed hypothesizes in a deductive manner. Occasional correlations are derived from an indexation of data collected from the Gfk database.

Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the treatment results and adverse drug effects for 14 dogs receiving a new paclitaxel preparat named Paccal vet. The evaluated dogs are chosen to enter a pharmacogenomical study. Therefore, this paper intends to give an introduction to pharmacogenomics. Finally this study also aims at finding the homologue genesequenses in dogs to seven genes that are important for metabolism of paclitaxel in humans. Materials and metods The dogs went through 2-4 cycles of paclitaxel treatment, they received a new water-soluble formula named Paccal vet, at dosages of 100-150mg/m2. Treatment results and adverse effects are listed for each dog in table 1.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Som en avslutande del i utbildningen ?Samhällsbyggnad - samhällsplanering? vid Luleå tekniska universitet skall ett examensarbete genomföras. Då ett flertal kurser innefattande CAD under utbildningens gång genomförts samt i och med ett stort eget intresse av detsamma kändes det för mig naturligt att genomföra ett examensarbete i någon mening omfattande konstruktion i CAD.Detta examensarbete har genomförts i uppdrag för Lindbäcks Bygg AB i syfte att förbättra den i dagsläget något ineffektiva arbetsmetodik som vid framtagning av ritningar används. Huvudmålet med arbetet har varit att ta fram en manual över ett alternativt, förhoppningsvis bättre, tillvägagångssätt i den arbetsgång som projektörerna utför. Det verktyg som främst använts för att skapa metodiken är ?annotation scaling?, ett verktyg vilket syftar till att koppla modell till ritning genom skalfaktorer.

När en underjordskonstruktion byggs är det viktigt att veta hur bergmassan reagerar vid uttag av berg. Om exempelvis taket skadas eller går i brott kan det med tiden medföra ett ras. En bergmekanisk analys i projekteringsstadiet ger information om hur hålrummet lämpligen bör utformas, preliminärt bedöms också var och hur mycket förstärkning som krävs för att minimera risken för att berg ska falla ut. Ett av de verktyg som ofta används vid en bergmekanisk analys är numerisk modellering. Genomförandet av numerisk modellering är ofta ett ställningstagande mellan beräkningstid och noggrannhet.

En modern dieselmotor utnyttjar Common-Rail bränsleinsprutning med solenoid- eller piezoelektriskt aktuerade spridare och multipla insprutningar per förbränning för att erhålla ett önskat utseende på cylindertryckskurvan.Användandet av multipla insprutningar per förbränning medför flera möjligheter. En sådan möjlighet är begränsandet av bullernivån vilket erhålls genom tillsättandet av en liten mängd bränsle tidigt under cykeln vilket i sin tur minskar den förblandade delen av förbränningen som äger rum då huvuddelen av bränslet tillsätts. Denna teknik kallas för pilotinsprutning. En annan möjlighet är införandet av en insprutning sent under cykeln, vilket höjer avgastemperaturen och kan förbättra responsen under transienter, regenerera partikelfilter eller möjliggöra användning av SCR vid driftsfall med naturligt låga avgastemperaturer .De ytterligare frihetsgrader som tekniken medför gör att kalibrering av nya motorer blir en alltmer komplex och tidskrävande process. Ökad förståelse krävs kring hur olika insprutningsmängder och tidpunkter påverkar cylindertrycket och därigenom motorns verkningsgrad.

AbstractThe purpose of this essay is to investigate the priority rules in the event of termination due to redundancy, the rules functions according to the Swedish labour market and which other alternatives that exist besides the priority rules. The alternatives to the priority rules which are introduced in the essay are the Danish Flexicurity-model and a proposal from the Långtidsutredningen 2011. The rule of priority is a very controversial law at the Swedish labour market, which makes the essay also describing the criticism against the rules. The criticism that the essay presents claims that the rules of priority contribute to immobility effects for particularly older employees. Further on the essay presents the criticism towards the rules, that they disadvantage young employees on the labour market.  The essay investigates also what the researchers say about the criticism.The results that are presented in the essay points to the fact that the rules of priority contributes to the immobility effects of employees but the rules can not be claimed to be the only reason.

The purpose of this essay is to find out if liming with Ca(OH2) and CaO can reduce leachingof phosphorus from agricultural land and the problem with eutrophication. This purpose alsoincludes getting knowledge about how to make the phosphorus retained in the soil and beaccessible for the plants. This essay is supposed to show if more research is needed in thissubject. There has not been much research about this subject and therefore the amount ofmaterial to study is limited in this literature review. The research reports that have beenstudied have similar results.

The aim of this study is to investigate and analyze the potential effects on a number of social workers that may arise from listening to stories of domestic violence, and how these social workers deal with the potential effects. The study is based on qualitative interviews with seven social workers that work with domestic violence. The theoretical perspective that we used was the theory of coping. The results of this study have indicated that the respondents have been affected of listening to the stories of domestic violence. Examples of different impacts that the work has had on some of the social workers is that they avoid movies and/or books with elements of violence, they are more aware of the domestic violence in the surroundings and there has also been changes in their cognitive schemas.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker om etnisk komposition i gymnasieskolan påverkar skolprestationer. Frågeställningarna i uppsatsen är: Samvarierar kontextuella skillnader i skolprestationer med avseende på elevens etniska bakgrund, eller är skolprestationer knutna till selektion hos elever? Varierar kontextuell effekt för olika undergrupper såsom flickor och pojkar? Teorin utgår från socialt kapital och kontextuella effekter såsom epidemilogisk modell, kollektiv socialisation och institutionell modell. Datamaterialet är registerdata från Skolverket och metoden som används för analysen är multilevel analys. Resultaten visar att det finns en negativ kontextuell effekt att gå en skola med hög etnisk komposition.