To become old and live in an institution could mean that the habits and routines they have obtained during their lifetime and are used to may become changed. There are fixed norms and rules which the elderly more or less have to adjust to. The aim of this study was to describe how nursing staff attitudes influence on elderly care takers meal situation. The method of this study was a literature review. The result showed that norms and rules not always are adjusted to caretakers? wishes and needs.

Why has some cyber-attacks been more successful than others? There has been in the near past examples of cyber-attacks used with different purposes. How do we understand these chosen targets and what result the attack accomplished?Research has discussed similarities between aviation warfare and cyber warfare, and how the first could explain what is happening in cyber warfare now. There is also opposing opinions whether cyber warfare should be seen as a method to alone force a will on your opponent or if cyber warfare should mere be supporting other military means.

This paper aims to broaden the discussion on how press freedom can be a powerful tool in the war on corruption. Previous studies have shown a significant relationship between more press freedom and less corruption, it also shows that the causal link runs from press freedom to corruption and not the other way around. There are quite a few studies on the impact of a free press on corruption and therefore there is a lot more to be published on this issue.This paper looks at press freedom as one of the most important parts of a democratic society and that it plays a vital role in reducing corruption as both an informant on key issues and also as a ?watchdog? on society. But press freedom cannot be seen as an ?easy fix? in a country or the international community's struggle to reduce corruption.

Vid nya systeminvesteringar blir det idag allt vanligare att standardsystem väljs framför egenutveckling av ett skräddarsytt system. Införande av ett standardsystem påverkar verksamheten i lika hög grad som införande av ett egenutvecklat system gör. Det är viktigt att upphandlingsprocessen planeras och genomförs väl.I takt med att standardsystemen har utvecklats så har även forskningen på området ökat. Detta har resulterat i att ett antal modeller för upphandling av standardsystem har växt fram, dels för att underlätta arbetet med att inhandla ett standardsystem, dessutom kan en modell stärka kundens förhållande till leverantören.Arbetets främsta mål är att undersöka hur arbetsprocessen för upphandling av standardsystem går till idag. Vad anser företag är viktigt att behandla under upphandlingsprocessen, vilka likheter finns mellan företagen och vad skiljer sig åt.

Syfte med studien var att kartlägga och jämföra sjuksköterskors uppfattningar av två olika arbetstidsmodeller i relation till arbetstider, hälsa samt möjlighet till återhämtning.Bakgrund. Inom Hälso- och Sjukvården krävs effektivitet, färre personer ska utföra mer med bättre kvalitet till lägre kostnad. Inom VLL används arbetstidsmodeller för att ha kostnadskontroll, minska vikariebehoven och få bort övertid. Arbete dag, kväll och natt ger korta återhämtningsperioder med risk för ohälsa, minskad återhämtningstid med negativa konsekvenser som följd.Metod. Studien genomfördes som en tvärsnittsstudie med enkätsamling.

This thesis studies the stock price reaction around 68 announcements of special dividends and share redemptions on the Swedish stock market between the years of 2003 and 2007. We show that for the Swedish private investor, the tax effect of a share redemption is lower than that of a special dividend. Moreover, a share redemption could be interpreted as a signal of undervaluation. These two factors lead us to assume that the stock market would react more positively in connection to the announcement of a share redemption. We test this hypothesis through an analysis of the risk-adjusted abnormal return for the observations in the sample.

Recent accounting scandals, often led by managers trying to improve results and thereby their own bonuses, have severely damaged the publics view of management. In the aftermath of scandals such as Enron, Parmalat and Skandia, demand has increased for Corporate Governance codes and similar regulation. The Swedish code for Corporate Governance came into effect on July 1, 2005. The code requires all Swedish companies listed on the Swedish Stock Exchange (OMX A- and O-list), with a turnover exceeding 3 billion SEK, to disclose a report regarding Corporate Governance, attached to the annual report.The purpose of this paper is to examine whether the new disclosure required by the Swedish Corporate Governance code will have a measurable effect on stock prices. The authors have applied event study methodology examining daily returns around the announcement of the Corporate Governance reports.

The aim of this paper is to study the long-term effects of stuttering treatment according to the Lidcombe Program in Sweden and to answer questions whether underlying factors may have affected the treatment results. Participants were seven children, one girl and six boys aged 7:10-14:2, who all completed Stage 1 of the program approximately 2-7 years ago.The children were video recorded during a conversation with one of the authors and while reading aloud. Before the recording, their parents estimated the level of stuttering according to a Severity Range (SR) Scale. The evaluations were used as reference for determining whether the recordings were representative for the children´s current speech fluency. Proportions of stuttered syllables (%SS) were calculated from the video recorded material and compared with the proportions of stuttered syllables (%SS) at the time when the first stage of the program was initiated.The results showed that the Lidcombe Program had a significant (z=-2.37, p=0.02) long term effect on stuttering treatment for the participants in this study.

The purpose of this paper is to apply the Dual-Effect hypothesis in Pritmani, Shome and Singal paper (2003), in order to analyze the exchange rate exposure on firms listed on the U.K. market. The study will examine if the foreign involvement of the firm will affect the share price of the firm.In addition to evaluating the Dual-Effect hypothesis in Pritmani et. al. (2003), we will evaluate the effect of foreign interest rates impact on U.K.

To become old and live in an institution could mean that the habits and routines they have obtained during their lifetime and are used to may become changed. There are fixed norms and rules which the elderly more or less have to adjust to. The aim of this study was to describe how nursing staff attitudes influence on elderly care takers meal situation. The method of this study was a literature review. The result showed that norms and rules not always are adjusted to caretakers? wishes and needs.

It is well proven that physical exercise has an impact on our bodies as well as our minds. The aim of this study is to examine if this impact also affects economic behaviour. Three hypotheses regarding the impact of acute exercise on overconfidence, risk enhancement and well-being have been tested by collecting questionnaires from 364 participants at Friskis & Svettis, Kungsholmen who all were asked to answer the questions either before or after exercising. The differences between the before and after group were analysed, indicating small increases in all three test areas after exercising. These increases were, however, not large enough to reject any of the null-hypotheses of zero effect on the given five per cent significance level.

Uppsatsen behandlar explorativt en svensk modell för informationsoperationer, avseende ledning ochplanering, vilken skall kunna verka från nationellt försvar till deltagande i multinationell krishantering.Syftet med uppsatsen är att bringa kunskap om var Sverige står i dagsläget avseende synen påinformationsoperationer som metod, samt ta fram en modell för ledning och planering som passar vårtsätt att leda och planera.I uppsatsen har en utvecklad kvalitativ metod använts. Metoden har inneburit kvalitativ analys av texteroch intervjumaterial. Det vetenskapliga tillvägagångssättet har bestått av analys, framtagande avhypotes, faktainsamling, bearbetning med kvalitativ analys och komparation samt syntes.Uppsatsen redogör för nuvarande amerikansk och svensk syn på informationsoperationer. Jämför om detfinns några avgörande skillnader mellan dessa båda synsätt. Därefter sker en prövning av hypotes somresulterar i en modell, vilken avslutningsvis exemplifieras..

This study investigates how consumer attitudes toward a company are affected by the company?s Corporate Social Responsibility work and their marketing efforts thereof. The Swedish fast food chain ?Max? provides the empirical setting. The theoretical framework for the study is based on Vanhamme and Grobben?s (2009) model regarding CSR?s effect on a company?s reputation, which is connected to perceptions? effect on attitude based on Fishbein and Ajzen?s (1975) theory.

In this study I have investigated how role playing may change young students´ attitudes and behavior. According to the Swedish National Agency for Education´s governing document, Läroplanen för de frivilliga skolformerna, 1994, the principals at Swedish schools are required to inform students about the risks connected with alcohol and traffic. Scientists bring to our attention the need for emotional information to change attitudes and behaviors. The Historical Wine- and Sprits Museum in Stockholm has arranged a role play that gives emotional information to school students in order to affect their attitudes towards drunk driving. My study is a qualitative examination of this role play.

This report is a thesis work for a B.Sc. in Forestry exam at the School for Forest Engineers, SLU. The work was an assignment from Södra Skogsägarna and the aim of the work was to investigate the economical and biological output after mechanical planting with Eco-Planter compared with traditional manual planting. Eco-Planter is a tool for mechanized planting, fixed at the end of the boom on a conventional harvester. The study confirms that manual planting is less expensive under normal conditions. However, the differences between mechanized and manual planting are not that big and with technical development and/or increased labor costs together with an improved work organization the system with Eco-Planter could be competitive. The biological output, e.g. planting result and survival rate, seems to be quite good.