Evaporation is a part of the chemical recovery department at wood pulping mills. The purpose of evaporation is to remove water from the black liquor, which makes the liquor combustible. The process is very energy demanding, and having a well-functioning model of the system is of greatest interest. The model can then be used to study energy consumption and to test different control strategies. Two models have been developed during the master thesis.

I 4D CAD kombineras 3D CAD modeller med planeringsdata. Därmed är det möjligt att spela upp produktionsskedet sekventiellt, och produktionen kan simuleras i förväg. Genom simulering av olika produktionsstrategier kan produktionsplaneringen optimeras. I ett fåtal projekt har användningen av 4D CAD för byggprocess av platsgjutna betongstommar studerats. För att göra ytterligare studier av 4D CAD relaterad till platsgjuten betong har detta examensarbete inriktats på att studera hur ytor innanför fasaden kan utnyttjas för att visa arbetsflödet under produktionen av byggnadsprojekt med platsgjuten betong samt att utarbeta arbetsmanualer för framtagande av 4D CAD modeller.

Law and regulations regulate the auditors? independence. An auditor should not only be independent in general, but independence in fact and independence in appearance. However, the regulations do not specifically describe how to act independence. It is the concerns of the auditor were he puts his limit for the independence.

The purpose of the study is to investigate how board structure influences CEO compensation for companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange in 2004. The theoretical frame of reference is based upon the corporate governance theory, the principal-agent theory and previous empirical research in the area. A cross sectional regression analysis is used, where a number of control variables are included and significance tests are conducted. The study is based on information regarding CEO compensation, and possible factors affecting the compensation, from 267 companies listed on the Stockholm Stock Exchange A- and O-list in the year 2004. We find that the board structure has no significant effect on the CEO compensation.

The purpose of this thesis was to analyse, model and finally generate dynamic vehicular motions in a train. The objective with the analysis was to find important motions for a realistic train experience. The motions from the analysis were then weighted against possibilities for generation in a motion platform.A dynamic motion model was created to model the selected motions. The model was implemented in a simulation environment, more specifically MATLAB/Simulink. The simulation environment was used to simulate the model and to generate outputs to control a motion platform.

The thesis handles the principal-agency problem between shareholders and the Chief Executive Officer. The purpose of the thesis was to examine the link between CEO compensation and corporate performance measured as a change in Market to Book ratio. Data was collected from corporate annual reports between the years 2000 ? 2008 and the study covers 39 Swedish companies from the Stockholm Stock Exchange Large Cap list. To examine whether there is a link between the CEO´s compensation and firm performance, we performed a regression analysis, and no significant relation is found.

This study finds that the Swedish Government has a process for purchasing financial advisory services that is more transaction-oriented than the corresponding process at a Swedish private equity firm. The conclusion is supported by previous research comparing public and private sector purchasing processes. However, the differences between the two purchasing processes are not as significant as one might believe given the fact that the Government, unlike the private equity firm, has to operate under the Public Procurement Act (LOU). The tendency of the Swedish Government to apply a more relationoriented purchasing approach than expected is most likely driven by the fact that this represents the established professional norm for purchasing of professional services in the private sector. As LOU and the professional norm impose contradictory influences on the Swedish Government?s purchasing of financial advisory services, the final outcome depends on which of the two forces that dominate..

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out how much influence underlying factors have in connection to the internationalization of Born Global firms. Methodology: This study has a qualitative approach in which data is obtained mainly through interviews and secondary data which consists previous theories about the internationalization in small and medium sized firms and recent theories that entitle these firms as Born Global. Conclusion: Based on the existing theories and the qualitative data, we have concluded that the underlying factors for the Born Global firm?s internationalization are abilities and opportunities to create insidership in relevant networks. The most crucial underlying factors for Born Global firm?s internationalization are the ability to create processes to break old patterns of thoughts and the ability to ally with right partners. .

When models are used to describe physical phenomenon during development or modification of a technical system, it is often possible to reduce both the time needed and the overall development cost. With the use of models it is also possible to investigate the potential of the selected solution, without the need for any expensive details and testrigs. In many cases it is also not possible to test all the aspects regarding the functionality that are desired from the system, without using the complete and final product.In this case a model based approach has been used to optimize the different parameters in the new snubbing mechanism for the Nose Landing Gear Retract Actuator on the JAS39 Gripen.During the simulations, upper and lower boundaries were calculated for the length of the spring and the diameter for the restrictor. The governing constraints were given by the requirements for the retraction time during cold conditions and that the amplitude of the alternating loads in the uplock mechanism were brought to an acceptable level.The most promising results from the simulations were then used in a limited number of trials in the hydraulic rig to verify that the configurations comply with the requirements.The final parameters for the snubbing mechanism were chosen to 35±1mm for the spring and 0.4-0.5 mm diameter for the restrictor..

Procentprojektet. Ett undervisningsförsök i matematik i skolår 6 med fokus på elever i matematiksvårigheter.Syftet med följande arbete är att studera elevers lärande i matematik med fokus riktat mot elever i behov av särskilt stöd. Undersökningsmetoden är ett undervisningsförsök. Undervisningens ämnesinnehåll är introduktion av begreppet procent i skolår 6. Försöket utgår från matematisk modellering som teori. Först görs en genomgång av faktorer som kan bidra till gynnsamma villkor för elevers lärande.

Konceptuella modeller är vanligt förekommande i plandriven utveckling men åsikterna om vad konceptuell modellering är och bör användas till är vitt skilda. Agil systemutveckling har växt fram som en motreaktion på den plandrivna systemutvecklingen och forskning har visat att många traditionella verktyg som förknippas med plandriven utveckling förkastas i detta relativt nya sätt att arbeta. Syftet med denna studie är att belysa hur yrkesverksamma inom agila projekt ser på konceptuell modellering i relation till det agila manifestet. Detta har åstadkommits genom intervjuer med flera utövare av agila projektmetoder. Studien visar att det agila manifestet har låg grad av förankring hos utövarna av agila metoder och att endast vissa av principerna efterlevs.

I detta arbete undersöker jag hur modelleringsgrupper sätts samman och hur det går att få dem att samverka på ett tillfredsställande sätt. Min undersökning är gjord med projektledare och modelleringsledare på olika företag och organisationer i Skövde.Rapporten inleds med en introduktion och en bakgrund till ämnet. Först kommer en kort presentation av informationssystem, systemutveckling, verksamhetsanalys och modellering sedan följt av en djupare presentation av grupper.För att genomföra min undersökning började jag med att göra en litteraturstudie som resulterade i ett ramverk. Ramverket kan ses som en sammanställning av den litteratur jag studerat. Undersökningen genomförde jag genom att göra besöksintervjuer och resultatet från undersökningen jämförde jag först inbördes med varandra och slutligen med mitt ramverk.Resultatet visar att de flesta modelleringsgrupper innehåller sex till tio deltagare.

This document is a summary of my work to create a project management system for a small firm working with computer graphics. The intention is to manage customers, projects, images and invoices in the easiest possible way. To make the system as flexible as possible a web-interface was chosen which makes it possible to access the system from any computer, making it independent of any particular operating system. The only requirement on the user environment is that the computer must have a connection to the Internet to be able to access the system. The different techniques that have been used to develop the project management system is primarily Ruby on Rails and a MySQL database.

This thesis treats the subject of a complete steady state and dynamic model of the VSC-HVDC covering both the AC and DC system-side of the converter. The topology of the model is recreated after the scheduled transmission line in the south of Sweden, called SydVa?stla?nken. The topology covers both a simple two terminal connection as well as a multi-terminal one. This model is to be implemented in the power system simulation program ARISTO.

Our society has become more and more digitalized and we have access to more information than ever before, which has had an effect on both our personal and professional lives. This change has naturally also changed the way in which organizations are structured and how they communicate ? both internally and externally. Intranets, e-mail and other technical channels are an important part of most organizations in-house communication today.The aim of this study is to examine how the internal communication in a medium-sized firm, CranabSlagkraft in the north of Sweden, works. The focus in the study is on the existing intranet, and if there are any differences in the opinions between the firms leaders and the employees that works in the production.