Previous studies of stress and coping regarding urban bus drivers describe an unhealthy occupation in areas of psychological and physiological factors. In the present study a social constructionist approach was used to investigate Swedish urban bus drivers' constructs of stress and coping regarding passengers. Semi-structered interviews were performed with ten bus drivers, nine males and one female. The data was transcribed verbatim and analysed with the program QSR NUD*IST.Three main themes where found; passanger related context, coping strategies and promoting circumstances. The bus drivers' constructs describe passanger relations as part of a stressful work environment where successful coping is problematic..

Enligt skollagen ska rektorn vara huvudansvarig för sin skolverksamhet. I uppdraget ingår administrativa uppgifter och pedagogiskt ledarskap, vilket innebär att rektorn har två skilda logiker att hantera, managerialism och professionalism. Den kvalitativa undersökningen fokuserar därmed på hur det pedagogiska ledarskapet ska utövas parallellt med administrativa uppgifter där ekonomiska styrförutsättningar skiljer kommunala och fristående verksamheter åt. Pedagogiskt ledarskap ska leda till goda studieresultat hos eleverna och anses därför som viktigt. Direkt forskning om rektorns delade ledarskap har inte skett inom skolvärden men däremot inom sjukvården som har flera likheter till skolverksamhetens organisation.

Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur personalchefer upplever sin egna psykosociala arbetsmiljö, vad det gäller arbetstillfredsställelse (motivation och kommunikation), arbetsrelaterad stress och ledarskap. En kvalitativ studie genomfördes med sju semistrukturerade intervjuer och utifrån ett grundläggande tematiskt tillvägagångsätt analyserades det insamlade materialet. Sammanfattningsvis indikerade resultaten att personalcheferna upplevde sin psykosociala arbetsmiljö som god, trots höga krav och perioder av stress.  Kontakten och arbetet med människor visades ha en stor betydelse för personalchefernas arbetstillfredsställelse. Resultatet visade också att chefserfarenheten gav goda förutsättningar för stresshantering och ledarskap..

In the literature it is not possible to find something about Swedish UN Military Observers (MO) experience of life is changing after their service. The aim of this study was to investigate if this has happened. The selection is of type ?snowball?. Interviews were made with twelve MO by telephone, both male and female.

 Titel:                                   Rydaholmsmetoden ? förtjänster och kritiska punkter Engelsk titel :                     The Rydaholm Method ? benefits and critical points Författare:                         Anders Persson, Monica Aldrin Handledare:                      Christer Jacobson Antal sidor:                       58 Nyckelord:                         lästräning, motivation, ordavkodning,Rydaholmsmetoden, specialpedagogiskt perspektiv.Det här arbetet är en flermetodologisk studie med syfte att tydliggöra vilka förtjänster och kritiska punkter det pedagogiska arbetssättet Rydaholmsmetoden har. Arbetet innehåller två delstudier där den ena är intervjuer genomförda med pedagoger vilka i nuläget arbetar med metoden och den andra en intervention genomförd med fem elever i år två under fem veckors tid. Delstudiernas resultat redovisas var för sig. Metoden är framtagen av specialläraren Carl-Erik Pettersson som också har sammanställt det färdigproducerade arbetsmaterialet. Målet med Rydaholmsmetoden är att utveckla den del av läsningen som handlar om avkodning av skriven text.

The aim of this essay is to get a deeper understanding of a teachers' profession and to get knowledge of how earlier experiences can influence you as a teacher. I have interviewed a female teacher, Pia to get this understanding. As a tool to get the teacher's whole story I used the life story method. In her profession she is influenced by her own importance of security as a child.Her own needs of security has given her an deeper understanding for pupils like herself during the childhood; insecure and afraid. Her understanding for all kinds of behavior among the children has increased by her own experiences.The story shows that Pia is frustrated by the fact that she can't control her own working time.

Effects of fishery closure on perch was detected as female perch was on average 5 cm longer in closed areas compared to non-closed areas. This could be a result of larger individuals surviving as an effect of reduced fishing. No effect was detected on the reproduction rate of YOY (young of the year) perch.A zooplankton survey revealed less amounts of the most important plankton groups for YOY perch in areas with failed reproduction, though the difference was statistically insignificant.The distribution of YOY perch and YOY/adult stickleback differed completely in this study with no area where the two species are both present. It is sketchy to draw any conclusions from this data but it remains a field for further investigation.The reproduction problem is concentrated to the outer parts of the archipelago which confirms previous studies of the geographic extension..

Denna studie bygger på huvudfrågan: Har musiken i grundskolan någon påverkan på elevens inställning till musik senare i livet? Under studien har nya infallsvinklar tagit form och lett studien till resultatet: Musiklärarens påverkan. Från en relativt smal syn på musikundervisningen i grundskolan har element som t ex läroplaner och ledarskapsteorier vidgat studiens syn för vad musiklärare i grundskolan har haft för styrmedel genom tiden för de fyra läroplanerna, Lgr 62, Lgr 69, Lgr 80 och Lpo 94. Denna studie kan urskilja att det har skett en progressiv utveckling av varje ny läroplan, och att lärarrollen har utvecklats med denna process. Musikundervisningen i grundskolan har gått från en traditionell till en mer öppen undervisningsform.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how propaganda has been used by two dictatorships, namely Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union under the leadership of Josef Stalin. By examining a number of propaganda posters and paintings, we aim to find similarities as well as differences in how the two nations attempted to create imagined communities amongst their people. While conducting this examination of the propaganda material, we have acquired and used some of the ideas of Benedict Anderson, who has coined a concept that he calls ?Imagined Communities?. In conclusion, it is established that the most obvious similarity is that both leaders are heavily included in their propaganda material, both pictured and mentioned in text.

During the past decade Information Technology (IT) and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) have become the main tools in teaching. Authors and early educators who are treated in the study talks about how technology has come to change the school's approach to teaching and didactic tools. The technology has also affected students´ and teachers´ ways to work because the technology's versatility makes demands on the user's expertise and competence. The technical skills have long been associated as a male domain, where men are expected to master the technology´s versatility. These expectations are not the same for women.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of sensory modality on short-term memory recall. An exploratory, cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 119 individuals participated. There were 70 female and 49 male subjects, aged 4 to 80 years (M=34,3). The participants were presented with 12 different objects in auditory, visual or auditory/visual mode over a period of 24 seconds.

Syfte: Syftet med detta arbete är att se om ledare tenderar att ha skiftande ledarstilar i och med att de har skiftande förutsättningar. Vi vill även se hur stor medvetenhet ledare tenderar att ha beträffande sin egen ledarstil.Metod: Vi har valt att genomföra en kvalitativ studie, med intervjuer som ett viktigt inslag. Informationen som vi har insamlat ligger till grund för vår analys och slutdiskussion. Vi har utfört en intensiv studie där vi endast har intervjuat några få respondenter och utifrån de erhållna svaren bildat oss en uppfattning. Vi har studerat redan befintliga teorier och ställt dessa mot vårt empiriska material.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how the adult world is produced in the books of Martin Widmark about LasseMajas detektivbyrå from a gender perspective.I wanted to answer questions concerning the appearance, personal characteristics, occupations and activities, and the relationship between children and adults to do my analysis.I decided to make a qualitative content analysis to answer my questions.I used the gender theories that describe how stereotypes excel. I related these gender theories to the books that I have studied.I also used previous research on gender roles in other children's books to compare their results with mine.After reading, analyzing and comparing the books I have come to the conclusion that gender roles in books about LasseMajas detektivbyrå is very gender stereotyped..

The purpose with this essay was to see how the mathematic books showed sexual roles in pictures and if they confirm or deny the traditional sexual roles that school shall counteract according to the curriculum, Lgr11. The questions I focused on were this:How sexual roles are introduced on the pictures in the chosen mathematic books?What are the similarities and differences between the presentations of the gender in the chosen education materials?I used a semiotic method to analyze my pictures. The central parts of my theories were how we think that gender is created using characteristics and attribute. In my analyze I found out that the pictures in one of the book series showed more stereotypic sexual roles than the other book series did..

In this paper I study the Austrian author Ingeborg Bachmann?s novel Malina (1971) from the perspective of Gérard Genette?s narrative theory and his notions of tense, mood and voice. In dialogue with earlier research on Malina I reflect over the last scene in the novel, what really happens there and how it matters for the rest of the novel. I give an account of feminist theories with focus on the annihilation of the female voice, the memory as theatre and the folklore tale as flight. The result is a more distinct perception of Bachmann?s skill, closeness and awareness as a writer and her use of Malina as contribution to the feminist debate and as a tool to find a place in the patriarchal world of intellectual, postwar Vienna. .