The aim of this paper was to describe the phenomenon of threats and violence within a Swedish penal institution. The study was thematized according to the three main research questions. These were as follows; The threats and violence prison staff have experienced in their workplace (I) how these experiences affected them in their work performances (II) and in their private life (III). By a qualitative design, in-depth interviews were carried out with four persons who are, or formerly have been, gainfully employed at a penal institution. Concepts from the theory of symbolic interactionism and a theory of human action have been used in the analysing process of this paper.

In Sweden between 800.000 and 900.000 people have some kind of alcohol related addiction. Each and everyone are expected to have three relatives who in some way are involved in the abuser´s way of life. The consequences of living close to someone with an abuse of alcohol is described as a chaotic life with extreme emotional stress, fear and anger.The aim with our essay has been to look into how social workers are describing their work, from the relatives´ point of view. We also wanted to understand how the relatives´ situation can be. We reached our aim through interviews with social workers and by literature studies.The primary conclusion of the essay is that the dominating theory is that addiction is an illness.

Anorexia nervosa is a psychosomatic eating disorder that involves self starvation and fear of gaining weight. Our purpose was to study the methods of treatment available and the function of them. Another part of the purpose was to find out what kind of goals the treatment has and if an anorectic person can be cured. To understand the methods of treatment we also wanted to find out what the causes to the development of the disease can be. The questions were: 1.

Barn med cancer måste genomgå många olika ingrepp vilket kan skapa rädsla.Syfte: Att sammanställa forskning kring hur den ingreppsrelaterade rädslan hos barn med cancer kan förebyggas och lindras utan psykofarmaka.Metod: En systematisk sökning genomfördes i Cinahl, PubMed och PsychINFO. Påträffade artiklar granskades och analyserades. Åtta kvantitativa studier inkluderades i den systematiska litteraturöversikten.Resultat: Rädslan i samband med ingrepp minskades genom att ge barnen möjlighet att tänka på något annat och få emotionellt stöd. Föräldrarnas beteende och engagemang visade sig påverka effektiviteten av avledningsmetoder.Slutsats: Eftersom rädslan i samband med ingrepp minskades vid användning av olika avledningsmetoder bör avledningsmetoder användas mer i klinisk verksamhet. Vidare forskning med större deltagarantal behövs för att resultaten ska bli generaliserbara.

Barn med cancer måste genomgå många olika ingrepp vilket kan skapa rädsla.Syfte: Att sammanställa forskning kring hur den ingreppsrelaterade rädslan hos barn med cancer kan förebyggas och lindras utan psykofarmaka.Metod: En systematisk sökning genomfördes i Cinahl, PubMed och PsychINFO. Påträffade artiklar granskades och analyserades. Åtta kvantitativa studier inkluderades i den systematiska litteraturöversikten.Resultat: Rädslan i samband med ingrepp minskades genom att ge barnen möjlighet att tänka på något annat och få emotionellt stöd. Föräldrarnas beteende och engagemang visade sig påverka effektiviteten av avledningsmetoder.Slutsats: Eftersom rädslan i samband med ingrepp minskades vid användning av olika avledningsmetoder bör avledningsmetoder användas mer i klinisk verksamhet. Vidare forskning med större deltagarantal behövs för att resultaten ska bli generaliserbara.

Stroke are a common disease and it comes with big chances of disability after rehabilitation. Life after stroke can bring a different lifestyle and lots of feelings around this situation. Purpose: The purpose of this study was to analyze how people feel after being injured with stroke. Method: We have assumed that studying qualitative research articles according to Evans description of content analysis. Information has been sought in the databases Cinahl, PubMed and Discovery Results: The study results in four themes; Loneliness, trust, Despair and obstacles to health.

The similarity between the Russian and the Indian, in a Cold War context, may be ambiguous considering the ethnic-social variables and the period in time from where the Indians relate. However, by analyzing these, as well as other, characters in the exhibition of movies, we could learn something about the ideology of the time from which the movies derive.This study examines ideology and movies in the Cold War era and concludes that the Indian, for example, may be representing the values of the common public enemy, originating from the Cold War ideology. The movies examined, regardless of influence of distinct Cold War themes or lack of such themes, carry attributes that give evidence of typical Cold War ideology. The fear of communism and common enemies connected to a Cold War context, the thought of America as the land of the free ? with the horizon in the ending of the movies as metaphoric to freedom ? and the moral rhetoric that connects to the American thought of a duty as a global savior, are all signs of the Cold War ideology.Even though the messages are somewhat clearer and more distinct in the movies with Cold War motifs, the fact that ideology is projected through other movies as well should be considered essential for the continuing study of movies as cultural artefacts..

Bakgrund: Ett nålstick kan ses som ett enkelt ingrepp men för somliga kopplas detta till en stark rädsla och oro. Stickrädsla är vanligt förekommande och kan bero på tidigare negativa erfarenheter. Det är sjuksköterskans ansvar att skapa förutsättningar för patienten att hantera sin stickrädsla och tillgodose patientens grundläggande omvårdnadsbehov. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien var att undersöka stickrädsla hos vuxna patienter och deras erfarenheter av lindrande omvårdnadsåtgärder. Metod: En allmän litteraturstudie baserad på fem kvantitativa artiklar, tre kvalitativa och en där båda metoder tillämpats.

This is an essay concerning the differences between boys? and girls? way of learning and how this difference influences the teaching in the technology subject. The method is divided in two. The first part is based on a survey over literature about teaching girls and boys in the technology subject. The second part is based on interviews with three male teachers in the same subject.

The city contains a great multitude of people of different ages and different lifestyles and the urban environment should be planned and designed for everyone to take part in the social life of the city. The main reason among people for heading towards the city centre is to make purchases or to run errands, but also the social aspects are very important. A socially active city is worth striving for as an empty city can lead to unsecurity, fear and hostility between people. This paper discusses mainly the possibilities to encourage people to do physical activities on public places in the city. In Sweden the lifestyle of people in general has changed to the worse in aspects of health over the last decades which has led to the fact that many people in Sweden today suffer from obesity.

The current paper is a study of the character Christian Grey in the EL James trilogy Fifty Shades of Grey. The main aim is to find out how masculinity, sexuality and gender are constructed in this erotic fantasy. More over terms as femininity, unmanliness and gender have relevance to the study. Several studies have been done on romance novels and Harlequin in particular from a gender perspective, but few of them from a masculine point of view. Hence, no earlier study has been done on Fifty Shades of Grey with masculinity studies as the main tool of masculinity, or with theories of romance.

Background: Many Swedish inhabitants origin from different countries with different cultures that may show pain in other ways than Swedes. The Swedish law stress that nursing care should be done individually according to the patient's capabilities and needs. Aim and Method: The aim of this study was to describe nurses´ experiences of encounters with patients from other cultures with pain, and also their next of kin. Qualitative interviews were carried out with seven nurses. The interviews were analysed with the starting point in Giger and Davidhizars Transcultural Assessment Model and the six phenomena: communication, space, social organisation, time, environmental control and biological diversity.

The aim of the study is to examine factors influencing students? feelings of pleasure or pain associated with school mathematics. Own experience of students? frustration about mathematics and concern about students not reaching desired goals is the driving force in this study. It contributes with knowledge from the students' perspective.

In all times school has defined and categorized pupils from a hypothetical normality. The National Agency for Education is today critical to how the municipalities provide for the necessity of special support for pupils with difficulties in school.Pupil`s assistants has been a growing profession in school during the last decade and their importance for the pupils is relatively unexplored. The aim of this study is to find out how the pupils think about having pupil`s assistant during the obligatory school on the basis of the ideas of power, knowledge, involvment and understanding. The study is based on qualitative interviews, consisting of half-structured questions, with eight pupils that have or have had pupil`s assistant during their time in senior compulsory school. The result notifies that the pupils feel powerless in school, they have no opportunity to affect and they do not think they are someone that could make any change.

The aim of this study was to explore the role of death in the Swedish family. How do parents and families cope with the loss of a child/sibling? How do the remaining children in a family fare after loss of sibling? The study was caused out partially through a selective review of the literature on children loss in families and partially through interviews with families who had experienced death of a child. The results were analysed with help of Family system theory, Emotional theory and with an Esoteric perspective. The findings of the study were that although families do eventually cope with the situation the majority is struggling to adjust.