The report examines the factors which may be a contributing cause to the problems that are present when ferritic stainless steel are eddy current tested in a warm condition. The work is carried out at Fagersta Stainless AB in Fagersta which manufactures stainless steel wire. In the rolling mill there is an eddy current equipment for detection of surface defects on the wire. The ferritic stainless steels cause a noise when testing and this noise complicates the detection of defects.Because of this, a study was made of how the noise related to factors such as steel grade, temperature, size and velocity. By observing the signal and with the possibilities to change the equipment settings the capability to let a signal filter reduce the noise level were evaluated.

The ability to detect protein-based biomarkers, which are linked to different diseases like colorectal cancer, is very important as a diagnostic tool. Usually complex biological samples like blood are studied which will contribute to different technical issues when performing an assay. The aim with the project is to optimize and develop the high throughput protein detection technique Proximity Extension Assay, PEA, into a 96-plex panel, in hopes of discovering an expression profile for colorectal cancer. PEA was developed by Olink Bioscience and allows specific proteins in a sample to be quantitatively transformed into nucleic acid sequences that are subsequently detected and quantified with real-time PCR. Two proximity probes containing oligonucleotide sequences bind pairwise to target protein and when brought in proximity, a DNA polymerase will extend a hybridization arm from one probe over to the second forming a double-stranded DNA sequence that can serve as a template in real-time PCR.

Cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is considered a specific and a sensitive biomarker of cardiac disease, and due to a high inter-species sequence homology; human cTnI assays can often be used in veterinary medicine. The main aim of this study was to perform an initial evaluation of a human cTnI test, the Meritas Troponin I test, for measurement of equine plasma cTnI, in order to investigate whether the test could be a possible subject for a more comprehensive validation. The hypothesis was that the test could measure equine cTnI, as there is a good homology between equine cTnI and human cTnI. The evaluation included a dilution parallelism, an intra-assay precision study and measurement of plasma cTnI healthy horses. In the dilution parallelism and the intra-assay precision study, equine plasma with previously established high cTnI concentration, according to another cTnI assay, was used. In addition, cTnI concentration was measured in plasma, collected from 19 horses, without signs of disease at physical and ECG examinations. The obtained curve in the dilution parallelism was linear, indicating that the Meritas Troponin I test can be used to measure different concentrations of equine cTnI in plasma.

With this study, we have chosen to continue our B-essay about dual-diagnosis. In the essay we have done some research on how this target group feels about the treatment from the dependent unit, psychiatry unit, social services unit and the housing environment. We wanted to know about the feelings because during the B-essay we found out that individuals whit the dual-diagnosis is skipped between different caregivers. We used a qualitative method with six interviews from two different housings in south of Sweden. The information we got we used in our result and analysis part, where we found out that the caretaker?s thought the treatment were fine and that it was the surroundings they found the most fault with..

When exposed to them, isocyanates can induce serious injuries in the respiratory tract and irritation on the skin and in the eyes. They are therefore interesting from the point of view of occupational health. The purpose of this thesis was to collect isocyanates in air with impinger-filter samplers and solvent free samplers. Furthermore the isocyanates were to be analyzed with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The solvent free sampler consists of a polypropylene tube and filter holder fitted with glass fiber filters impregnated with derivatization reagent, coupled with a pump.

The objective of this work was to evaluate and compare three field methods for detection of mastitis, California Mastits Test (CMT), DeLaval cell counter DCC (DCC) and FMA2001 Farm Milk Analyzer (FMA2001). Furthermore, to investigate at what cell count level clinical symptoms of mastitis are seen, and finally to check if the clinical findings and cell counts could be related to bacteriological findings. DCC and FMA2001 are new analytic instruments to be used on dairy farms for detection of mastitis. CMT has been a widely used cow-side-test of milk quality in mastitis control efforts, but it cannot be used for estimating cell counts in scientific studies or investigations. Two hundred and eight quarter milk samples from 52 cows were analysed with DCC and CMT, and 168 of these samples with FMA2001. Microbiological examination was done on 38 milk samples with CMT scores of 4 and 5.

The background to this study is that the forest company, Holmen, has found large discrepancies between harvested volume and the measured volume at the industry. Factors like bark features, breakage, double tops, bends and stem damages was noted, and all stems were measured manually. Hypothesis testing with the method "random in pairs" were used to examine whether the harvester measured values significantly differed from the manually measured. The result of a properly calibrated harvester shows in average underestimation of the volume with Skogforsk Pine as a bark function. This means that the harvester isn´t the reason why the volume measured in the industry is lower, the fault is elsewhere. The study also indicates a need for a unique bark function for logepole pine..

Starch is a naturally occurring substance in most plants and is used as energy storage. It is a component that mainly consists of amylose and amylopectin. Together they build a complex pattern which gives starch its specific properties. The proportion of amylose and amylopectin varies in different plants but generally starch consists of 25 % amylose and 75 % amylopectin. There have been discoveries of barley varieties containing 100 % amylopectin called ?waxy starches? or ?waxy barley? as well as varieties that have a high content of amylose, around 70 % and these are called ?amylotypes?.

Det här examensarbetet är baserat på idéer ur ett uppdrag från företaget Saab Aerotech men är ett eget arbete.Målet var att undersöka om det finns behov av ett verktyg som statiskt kan detektera dynamiska minneshanteringsproblem, som till exempel minnesläckage, i applikationer skrivna i C/C++. På grund av att minneshanteringsfel i C/C++ länge har varit ett känt problem undersökte vi detta och de befintliga lösningarna till det.Vi fann två metoder till lösningar som de flesta verktyg använde sig av; statisk och dynamisk detektering. De flesta verktyg löste problemet genom att dynamiskt detektera minnesläckor och andra brister som till exempel buffer overflows. Ett verktyg löste dock problemet genom att statisk detektera minneshanteringsfel i källkoden för applikationerna. Eftersom alla befintliga lösningar har någon form av ineffektivitet så har vi undersökt möjligheten att utveckla ett mer effektivt verktyg.

The Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia, predominantly in calves, and is a major cause of bovine respiratory disease worldwide. In humans, BRSV is paralleled by the closely related Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), an important cause of respiratory disease, most severe in infants.The clinical signs and pathology during RSV infection is caused, not only by the direct effects of viral replication, but also by the response of the host immune system. The immunopathology of RSV has long obfuscated our understanding of the disease, and development of effective treatment and vaccines will be very difficult until greater knowledge is gained.One of the components of the immune system that has come into focus in RSV research the last few years, is the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The TLR4 receptor is well known as the receptor that binds lipopolysaccaride (LPS), and initiates the host response to bacterial infection. Recently, it has been shown that the fusion protein of RSV also interacts with, and up-regulates the expression of, the TLR4 receptor.

Utfört examensarbete undersöker vinkelfelet i mätkretsen för riktade jordfelsskydd och hur det påverkar dess felbortkoppling. Uppkomna vinkelfel i mätkretsen kan påverka det riktade jordfelsskyddet så att verklig felström och uppmätt felström inte stämmer överens, vilket kan leda till uteblivna eller obefogade felbortkopplingar. Vattenfall ställer krav på att vinkelfelet får uppgå till max ±2 grader för mätkretsen. Eftersom vinkelfelet i många fall har en hög påverkan på jordfelsskyddets noggrannhet undersöks vad Vattenfalls vinkelkrav egentligen innebär. Största orsaken till vinkelfelet uppstår oftast i strömtransformatorn och därför undersöks hur mycket två strömtransformatorer med olika klassificeringar som är vanliga i elnätet påverkar vinkelfelet i mätkretsen.Jordfel är det vanligast uppkomna felet i mellanspänningsnät och dess storlek beror till stor del på hur mycket kapacitivt bidrag som finns på linjerna samt värdet på nollpunktsresistorn.

The Bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) causes bronchiolitis and interstitial pneumonia, predominantly in calves, and is a major cause of bovine respiratory disease worldwide. In humans, BRSV is paralleled by the closely related Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV), an important cause of respiratory disease, most severe in infants.The clinical signs and pathology during RSV infection is caused, not only by the direct effects of viral replication, but also by the response of the host immune system. The immunopathology of RSV has long obfuscated our understanding of the disease, and development of effective treatment and vaccines will be very difficult until greater knowledge is gained.One of the components of the immune system that has come into focus in RSV research the last few years, is the Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). The TLR4 receptor is well known as the receptor that binds lipopolysaccaride (LPS), and initiates the host response to bacterial infection. Recently, it has been shown that the fusion protein of RSV also interacts with, and up-regulates the expression of, the TLR4 receptor.

Göteborg Energi AB är ett bolag med höga ambitioner att säkerställa ett stabilt distributionsnät för sina kunder. Med ett säkerställande följer åtgärder i form av beräkningar för komponenter som transformatorer av olika märkeffekt, hög- och lågspänningssäkringar och andra kritiska skyddsanordningar som t.ex. reläskydd. Vid ett flertal tillfällen under de senaste åren har det uppmärksammats en problematik där ett fel i lågspänningsnätet har löst ut anslutande transformator. Felet har grundat sig en svag selektivitet mellan transformatorsäkring och lågspänningssäkring.

This report describes a synchronous machine model with magnetic saturation in d-axis, neutralconnection and electrical exciter interface for the transient simulator PSCAD/EMTDC. It hasbeen designed and verified in comparison to the regular machine model in EMTDC.The performance of the model is very good when incorporating a linear as well as a saturatedmagnetising inductance. The dynamic deviation is only thousandths to ten thousandths perunit. By using a cubic interpolation of the saturation curve, the model gives a good representationof the saturation effect. The open source code implementation of the synchronousmachine model gives the possibility to easily adapt the model to specific requirements.The derived model makes it possible to simulate a synchronous machine with its excitationsystems, e.g.

Göteborg Energi AB är ett bolag med höga ambitioner att säkerställa ett stabilt distributionsnät för sina kunder. Med ett säkerställande följer åtgärder i form av beräkningar för komponenter som transformatorer av olika märkeffekt, hög- och lågspänningssäkringar och andra kritiska skyddsanordningar som t.ex. reläskydd. Vid ett flertal tillfällen under de senaste åren har det uppmärksammats en problematik där ett fel i lågspänningsnätet har löst ut anslutande transformator. Felet har grundat sig en svag selektivitet mellan transformatorsäkring och lågspänningssäkring.