Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

Researchers and practitioners have recognized the need for ?transforming? every policy of the company into a competitive advantage tool. Thus, both the pricing approach and the supply chain practices of the firm have emerged as an important determinant of success. In this study, however, we are not only interested in these two aspects, but also in a third one-namely cultural conflicts as an obstacle and challenge. The interaction of the tree factors is extensively presented against the backdrop of Skanska and four of their closest Polish suppliers.

Flygbranschen har på senare år blivit överrumplad av den snabba expansionen av Electronic Flight Bags (EFB) och introduktionen av bärbara läsplattor har öppnat upp för ett mer ekonomiskt alternativ till fast installerad utrustning. Med anledning av detta har NextJet beslutat sig för att genomföra en förstudie för att se om det går att implementera EFB i bolaget på ett säkert och kostnadseffektivt sätt.Den här studien visar att implementering av Electronic Flight Bag inte kunde påvisa några direkta ekonomiska besparingar men uppfattningen är att Electronic Flight Bag ger effektiviseringsförbättringar och kvalitetshöjande bidrag till verksamheten som väger upp kostnaden för investeringen och driften av systemet..

Child sex tourism is a growing problem in todays globalized world.This paper is conserned with the problems of those who isn't sexually drawn to children when they are in their own community but who, on their travels, sexually abuse them.The aim of the study is to analyze what makes people commiting sex crime abroad, and breake those laws which, usually, are in line with the persons own values and normsystems.What impact has travelling and tourism on the behaviour of the individual? And which social factors makes people into sudden offenders? By comparing the litterature on child sex turismwith theories in sociology and criminology you could se some factors of and structures in society contributing to the issue..

In the Philosophy of Right Hegel develops the concept Sittlichkeit (Ethical life) that represents Hegel´s view of how the State should be constituted. In Critique of Hegel?s ´Philosophy of Right` Marx provides a critical so called ?Prussian? reading of Hegel as ultimately a defense for the Prussian empire of that time. The study focuses on a close reading of the chapter on the state, which includes the paragraphs 257-313 in the Philosophy of Right. It examines how Marx?s philosophy developed from this Criticism including some of his basic concepts, notably Gemeinwesen and Gattungswesen, that he takes over from Hegel and includes in his own theories of human alienation.

The game industry is growing by every year but for some reason the research surrounding it hasn't caught up with its rapid expansion. This study aims at expanding the knowledge surrounding one of those areas, player motivations. An empirical model has been used to identify which interaction has the highest impact on player motivation in story-driven roleplaying-games. By conducting semi-structured interviews with eight different game developers using the GameFlow model to explore the use of interactions to sustain the motivation of the player a new criteria has been identified. This additional criteria was: Alive, and it was shown to have a high impact on motivation in story-driven roleplaying-games.

Heartwood has always been a desirable part of the tree, due to it?s superior decay qualities com-pared to the sapwood. How the formation of heartwood works has been known for a long time, but which factors that initiates and stimulates the production are poorly understood. This case study presents the results of a study in which silvicultural treatments and site properties had a key position as factors to the formation of heartwood. According to the hypothesis the amount of sapwood is directly controlled by the size of the crown.

Sweden has almost 600 000 hectares planted with lodgepole pine, and large areas are soon ready to be clear-felled. The provenances that have been planted are producing high level of permanently closed, so called serotinous, cones. In their natural setting, the Canadian boreal forest, these cones are opened mainly after crown fires when the heat make the resin between the cone scales melt, which releases the seeds. This is viewed as an adaption to the fire regimes that prevail over the natural distribution area of lodgepole pine. Because of the short flame-exposure that occurs in a crown fire, the seeds can survive.

Denna rapport behandlar distansarbete som arbetsform. Inriktningen på rapporten är hur den svenska lagstiftningen och avtal kan används vid arbetsformen. Rapporten inleds med en genomgång av begreppet distansarbete och de olika former av distansarbete som finns. Vad rapporten avser med distansarbete är att en arbetstagare arbetar hemma hel- eller deltid med stöd av data- och telekommunikation. Arbetstagaren arbetar med en uppkoppling mot företaget, där han eller hon kan hämta och skicka information.Vidare går rapporten igenom fakta som berör frågeställningar som; vilka kan arbeta hemma?, vilka personliga förutsättningar underlättar för att arbeta på distans?, vilka är motiven för att företag inför distansarbete?.Argument som är för och emot distansarbete tas upp.

The quest to determine if non-human animals have emotional lives similar to man goes a long way back and is yet to result in a clear answer. The aim of this particular literature study is to determine whether or not the African elephant may host feelings of empathy and display altruistic behaviour. In search for an answer to this question, scientists have chosen to first evaluate the cognitive abilities of said species. They have done this through the testing of tool use, mirror self-recognition, memory and the ability to coordinate with another when performing a task etc. It is generally thought, that in order for complex emotion to exist within an individual, cognition, as an awareness of the self and others, must first be present.

This paper attempts to trace the journey of Adonis from ancient Mesopotamia, through Phoenicia and finally to Greece, and to see how his function and cult have evolved during this migration. It starts with a short summary of previous research regarding Adonis and goes on to describe the myths and the rites of Adonis as they were celebrated in Alexandria, Byblos and Athens. I then examine possible connections to ritual drama, the mystery religions and whether there is any evidence that the Adonia might have been a germination ritual.My conclusions are that Adonis loses his connection to the growing cycle and the ideology of sacred kingship with the move to Greece where the political system with independent city states is different, and that there has been too much focus on Adonis as a vegetation god. Since Adonis is connected with the ancient Near Eastern cults of sacral kingship it might be more rewarding to consider the death aspects associated with his cult and the possibility of ancestral worship in relation to a ruler. This would make some of the otherwise puzzling aspects of his cult more understandable..

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences and similarities between coping strategies used by individuals with the disability ADHD in childhood and later adulthood. The questions we asked ourselves: Are the individuals using the same form of coping in adulthood as in childhood? What copingstrategies used individuals while growing up? What coping-strategies used the individuals in adulthood? To fulfill the purpose and answer the questions, we used qualitative methods. Interviews were conducted with four adults who have the disa-bility ADHD. The interviews were analyzed by the hermeneutic circle.

AbstractTurkey has emerged as a major actor in the Middle East over the last decade, since the ruling party AKP came to power in 2002. Turkey is now playing a mediation role in regional conflicts and has been speaking out loudly on sensitive issues such as the Iranian nuclear program and the Palestinian- Israeli conflict. Furthermore, Turkey has established close ties with the Arab world which has suffered the relationship with its long-time ally Israel. This new presence in Middle East has been criticized by Turkey's allies in west. Critics argue that the country is about to abandon its former western relationship and strengthen their ties with the Arab world instead.This thesis has two main purposes.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker på vilket sätt ekonomiska faktorer som anställningskontrakt och arbetslöshet påverkar kvinnors intentioner att skaffa barn inom tre år. Många tidigare studier har undersökt hur sambandet ser ut mellan ekonomisk osäkerhet och fertilitet, men desto färre har koncentrerat sig på att titta på sambandet mellan anställningskontrakt och barnintentioner.Uppsatsen baseras på tvärsnittsdata från European Social Survey, som samlades in år 2004 och 2010. Sex logistiska regressionsanalyser har utförts för att undersöka hur detta eventuella samband skiljer sig inom åren samt mellan kvinnor som är barnlösa och kvinnor som har ett barn sedan tidigare. Flera kontrollvariabler har inkluderats i modellerna.De slutsatser som kan dras från analyserna är att barnlösa kvinnor som hade en ostabil arbetssituation år 2004, var mindre benägna att planera för att skaffa barn inom tre år än kvinnor som hade fast anställning. För kvinnor som hade ett barn sedan tidigare hade istället egenföretagare och övriga utanför arbetsmarknaden en större sannolikhet att skaffa ett andra barn än de med fast anställning.

Bakgrund Laktattröskeltest för att fastställa den anaeroba laktattröskeln (AnT) vid löpning utförs i de flesta fall på löpband medan den största delen av träning och tävling utförs på fast underlag. För att kunna ge adekvata tränings- eller tävlingsrekommendationer baserat på AnT måste laktatnivån vid uppmätt arbetsintensitet vid AnT vara lika mellan underlagen. Utifrån detta perspektiv var syftet med den aktuella studien att jämföra upplevd ansträngningsgrad, hastighet, stegfrekvens (SF) och laktatnivå vid två tröskelträningspass, ett på fast underlag och det andra på löpband, där intensiteten styrdes efter hjärtfrekvensen (HF) vid AnT som fastställdes vid ett tröskeltest på löpband. Metod Sex vältränade långdistanslöpare, tre män och tre kvinnor (29.0 ± 6.3 år), genomförde två löpträningspass (5 x 1000m, 60 sekunder vila), ett på löpband och ett på en 200-meters inomhusbana. Intensiteten anpassades efter HF vid den individuella AnT (IAnT) som fastställdes genom ett laktattröskeltest på löpband.