During the years 1950-75 was the construction of building apartments in high speed. A rapidly growing reconstruction requirement is the consequence of the rapid construction speed in these years. The technical lifetime of the different parts of the buildings is about to end and the needs for reconstruction is huge. One of Sweden's national environmental objectives is to reduce the urge of energy in buildings. This calls for radical measures to implement energy efficiency of existing assistance particularly in the assistance that is now facing reconstruction.

"? en utveckling som tillfredsställer dagens behov utan att äventyra kommande generationers möjligheter att tillfredsställa sina behov".Så definieras enligt Brundtlandkommissionen begreppet hållbar utveckling. Det handlar om att företag låter balansera ekonomiska, sociala och miljömässiga frågor i sin verksamhet. Tre ansvarsområden som på senare tid kommit att spela en allt mer betydande roll i såväl företag som samhälle. I Sverige lyder våra statligt ägda bolag under direktiv att redovisa sitt beaktande av ovanstående ansvarsområden i form av en hållbarhetsredovisning vilken dessutom ska kvalitetssäkras av oberoende tredje part.Studien syftar till att beskriva och förklara vilka upplevda fördelar ovanstående direktiv frambringar.

Bakgrund: Hjärtsvikt har dålig prognos och drabbar ett stort antal människor i Sverige. De som drabbas upplever många problematiska symtom och medicineringen har många biverkningar som kan vara svåra att leva med. Obehagliga känslor kan förvärra symtom hos personer med hjärtsvikt. Sjuksköteskan bör kunna identifiera känslor och förstå varför dessa uppstår hos personer med hjärtsvikt för att bättre kunna vårda dessa. Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva hur personer som lever med hjärtsvikt beskriver sina känslor.

People living with disabilities in our society today are more likely to be without a job compared to the rest of the population. The fact that a high number of people are not given the opportunity to work, and thereby being self-sufficient, is a failure for both the individual and the society. My purpose with the study is to increase knowledge and understanding regarding disabilities in the working life, with focus on the disability dyslexia. In the study, I am investigating the employer?s obligations and rights when employing a person with disabilities.

The aim of this study is to describe how a theme about vitamins and analytical chemistry can be planed and implemented in a summer research school managed by AstraZeneca. The description of the theme is intended to be used as an instructor?s guide to upcoming summers-research-schools with the same theme. The students, which participated in the summer school of 2007, went to upper secondary school. During the summer school they were going to investigate the content of vitamin C in different fruits and vegetables.

During an endurance riding competition the onset of metabolic disorders leading up to elimination from the race are common. As many as 8,7 % of the horses participating in international endurance riding competitions are eliminated due to metabolic causes such as tachycardia, absence of borborygmi, hyperthermia and dehydration. To prevent the onset of metabolic disorders in the horse the rider must be able to determine the physiological and physical status of his or her horse. This requires good knowledge in nutrition, physiology and performance training. The risk of developing metabolic problems is reduced through the right feeding management and training.

Minst 500 000 av Sveriges befolkning har kroniskt obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) och ungefär 250 000 har hjärtsvikt. De två patientgrupperna hade många likartade symtom och en sjuksköterskeledd gemensam primärvårdsmottagning för dessa patienter kunde innebära många vinster. Ett av distriktssköterskans kompetensområde var att ha stödjande samtal om hur den enskilde patienten hanterade sin sjukdom. Syftet med uppsatsen var att jämföra copingförmåga och copingstrategier mellan patienter med KOL och patienter med hjärtsvikt, samt att undersöka eventuella skillnader av grad av ångest, depression, påverkan på funktion av fatigue och andfåddhet utifrån copingförmåga och användande av olika copingstrategier.  Metoden var en beskrivande och jämförande tvärsnittsstudie. Patienter med KOL respektive hjärtsvikt från primärvården i tre landsting ingick i studien och de fick svara på en hemskickad enkät.

AimThe aim of this study was to find out whether Motivational Interviewing can affect people to change their behaviour in form of increasing physical activity. What results do studies conducted at healthy adults using Motivational Interviewing with physical activity as an outcome present?MethodTo fulfil the aim of the study we chose a review process. During the research two data-bases were used, PUBMED and CSA. Studies including participants under the age of 18 or studies where the participants suffered from diseases were excluded.

During later years coaching has gained popularity. Coaching offers help to learn rather than to teach and enables optimal performance. The method that builds consciousness, strengthens choices and leads to change in the wanted direction, can deduce to some of history's most successful educationalists. A coaching area steadily increasing is business- and executive coaching. The overall purpose with this paper is to explain what coaching is generally speaking, with specific focus on business- and executive coaching.

There is an increasing demand for information literacy, which is mirrored in curriculum throughout the whole educational system. This, in turn, has brought forward a growing need for librarians who can teach. But do librarians possess pedagogical competence, and if they do, how is this ability used in everyday library practice? The aim of this study is to investigate librarians' conceptions of the pedagogical role, as it is expressed in their didactic interaction with the users. The research questions focus on librarians' experiences of teaching information seeking and use and their activities in this respect.

Norrbottens flygflottilj F 21, men även hela flygvapnet, har i dagsläget problem med kontrollen över den basmateriel som brukas där. Med basmateriel avses all utrustning som används vid verksamheten på en militär flygplats och omfattar allt från kokvagnar och personbilar till momentnycklar och bogserstänger för flygplan. En stor del av denna materiel har antingen överskridit underhållsintervallet eller utsatt tid för modifiering. Ett sätt att återfå kontrollen är att göra en kvalitetsöversyn för att fastställa hur stor del av denna överskridna basmateriel som på något sätt påverkar luftvärdigheten. Syftet med examensarbetet har varit att åt F 21 ta fram ett klassificeringssystem som skiljer ut den basmateriel som är luftvärdighetspåverkande från den övriga.

Det finns lite forskning om livskvalitet hos patienter med kronisk njursvikt som ännu inte startat i dialysbehandling och det är viktigt att ha kunskap om hur livskvaliteten påverkas hos dessa patienter. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa olika faktorers påverkan på livskvaliteten hos patienter med kronisk njursvikt som inte startat i dialys. I studien har 16 vetenskapliga artiklar granskats och analyserats. I resultatet framkom att Hb-nivå, nutrition, sjukdomens svårighetsgrad och komorbiditet var faktorer som kunde påverka livskvaliteten. Även patienters upplevelser av antal och svårighetsgrad av symtom var påverkande faktorer.

Crossfit is a recently developed form of training which is based on a number of functional resistance exercises performed at high intensity, often to the point of muscular failure. Crossfit has since its introduction 30 years ago, reached vast popularity all around the world, including Sweden. Its practitioners considers Crossfit to be an effective training method for achieving a functional and total trained physique thru improvements in VO2max, muscle strength, endurance, balance and speed. Few scientific studies has been published in the subject which is why this study sets out to examine the effect of Crossfit on VO2max (measured with Åstrands submaximal cyclingtest), maximal strength capacity in lower- and upper body muscles (measured with 1 RM tests in bench press and leg press), rapid strength capacity and strength endurance capacity in upper body muscles (measured with push-up test in 30 seconds) and explosive strength capacity in lower body muscles (measured with sergeant jump test). Five women with an average of 33(±5) years of age all new to Crossfit, performed these tests at two separate occasions with a training period of four weeks consisting of 12(±3,67) Crossfit sessions in between.The result showed a significant improvement in the maximal strength capacity of the leg extension muscles (p=0,025).

This paper is a Master thesis for the Master?s program in International and European Relations in the Department of Management and Economics at Linköping University. As the title indicates, the aim of this thesis is to make a comparative analysis of the conflict resolution initiatives that were employed in the Sierra Leonean and Liberian conflicts. The research questions are: ? What were the root causes and trajectories of the Sierra Leonean and Liberian conflicts? ? What were the conflict resolution initiatives employed in resolving both conflicts? ? Why did the Lome Peace Accord succeed in the case of Sierra Leone whilst the Abuja Peace Accord failed in bringing peace to Liberia? In order to answer the afore-mentioned questions and fulfil the aim of this paper, a qualitative research method has been chosen.

During the last decades the fertility of dairy cows has declined in the same rate as the milk yield has increased. This is a result of the negative genetic correlation between milk yield and fertility, failure to show estrous signs and metabolic problems in the cow. The purpose of this review was to investigate the function of metabolites and hormones as markers for disturbances in fertility, health and production in the dairy cow. There are several metabolites that are suggested to indicate the cow?s energy balance.