This master?s paper first presents some of the principal theories and concepts developed by the poverty researchers Rowntree, Titmuss, Townsend, Sen and Lister. These theoretical frameworks are then related to two documents from the EU and Sweden concerning combating poverty and social exclusion, bearing on the establishment of the ?Year 2010 against Poverty?. Finally, I discuss the value in practice of these theories and policy documents, as regards reducing poverty in Europe.It has become clear in this investigation that the theories and concepts from earlier research are still relevant to the formulation of contemporary policy programmes, and that earlier research helps us to avoid old traps in fighting poverty.

Apples datorer med operativsystemet OS X blir allt vanligare pa? arbetsplatserna. Fo?r att fo?retagets IT-avdelning ska kunna uppra?ttha?lla en stabil och sa?ker miljo? stra?var man efter att standardisera system och ha?rdvara. Verkligheten sta?mmer inte alltid o?verens med IT-avdelningens stra?van och ansta?llda vill i o?kande grad anva?nda sig av produkter de valt sja?lva.

The aim of our study was to increase the awareness of the importance of implementation when a policy document is widely introduced. We wanted to examine how a political decision was implemented on different levels in a social care administration. We also wanted to examine the discretion related to the decision on different levels in the organisation, and if the work is followed up. The theoretical frame of reference in our study is Vedung?s implementation model and Lipsky?s theory about street-level bureaucrats.

Since the introduction of the European citizenship in the Maastricht treaty, social rights havetaken a back seat to the economic and political elements. Nevertheless, over the past yearssocial issues have been increasingly included on the agenda following the universalrecognition of challenges resulting from further economic integration and demographicchange. The extensive research on European social policy so far tend to focus on initiativesput forward by the European Commission, and offers little to explain the multitude of lines ofreasoning on how far EU social policy should be taken or why it still remains one of the leastdeveloped policy areas. By examining plenary debates in the European Parliament concerningfamily policy, this Bachelor thesis aims to describe the complex of problems connected to afurther development of the social dimension of the European citizenship.The analysis finds that the most imminent problems impeding an expansion of the EU familypolicy lie not only in the many clashes of opinions between advocates of the various existingwelfare models, but also in the conflicts of interests and the different levels of ambitionbetween EU institutions - most notably the Commission and the European Parliament..

This thesis is a comparative analysis of language policy in the Post-Soviet states Ukraine and Kazakhstan, wherein the states are seen as rational actors using language as an instrument in the nation-building process. With a take-off point in an underframe of theories on the nation, national identity, instrumentalism, power and the particular role of language in the nation-building process, this thesis shows that language is a key instrument used by the two states.The Ukrainian and Kazakhian language policies create and put across a certain image of the nation, by emphasising the titular languages as symbols of the new states. The line of argument in the language policy is a balance act between large-scale promotion of titular languages and a careful and inclusive attitude towards the Russian language. The biggest differences are that Ukraine, compared to Kazakhstan, has a more comprehensive and consequent language policy with a deeply rooted historic rhetoric. The most obvious instruments of the states in language policy is censuses, corpus-planning and the state choosing one official language..

This Bachelor's thesis examines and describes the ideas and ideological traits surrounding the public library within the governmental cultural policy. The Bachelor's thesis demonstrates how the public library ? even though its relevance in the modern society has shifted over time ? has maintained a connection to the governmental cultural policy and has therefore been shaped by the ideological changes in the political sphere as a whole. The main issues are: Which ideas concerning the public library's functions are expressed in the governmental cultural policy? Which ideological tendencies can be identified in the national cultural policy? Which ideas concerning the public library can be extracted through the found ideological tendencies? The method used in order to study the governmental bill is an ideology analysis based on a framework created by Dorte Skot-Hansen.

Syftet med denna undersökning har varit att titta pĂ„ hur uppfattningar kring sociala medier ser ut pĂ„ en mediekoncern i Östergötland samt hur sociala medier anvĂ€nds. Vi har Ă€ven studerat behovet av en policy som kan vĂ€gleda anvĂ€ndningen av sociala medier och vad denna i sĂ„ fall bör innehĂ„lla. Detta har undersökts genom Ă„tta djupgĂ„ende intervjuer samt en mindre enkĂ€t.Resultatet visar att det rĂ„der en positiv syn kring sociala medier men Ă€ven en viss skepticism. AnvĂ€ndningen av sociala medier skiljer sig Ă„t mellan olika verksamhetsomrĂ„den och organisationskulturen spelar en avgörande roll. Ett dilemma som har framkommit Ă€r svĂ„righeten att hantera balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv.

The aim of this thesis was to investigate the relation between different kinds ofremedial teaching models, not specifically addressed to pupils with physicaldisabilities, in the Swedish school context, and to describe and analyze theobjectives related to each model. Research focus was held on professionaldescriptions of school related problems and arguments for different kind of models,but also on objectives formulated in Swedish school policy. As theoretical toolswere used discourse analysis and interpretive policy analysis. The concept ofalienation as it appears throughout Foucault?s work was also used to understand howdifferent knowledge fields as education, special education, psychology and medicinedivide themselves from each other.

This study aims at contributing to the studies of political implementation. The theory of implementation claims that local implementation that meets the demands of national policies is close to none existing. By examining the implementation of industrial policy in two Swedish municipalities that differs in location, prosperity and political believes I am putting the theory to the test. If the test were to show that the implementation is rather well executed in these two cases, where the risk of failure is great, the questions about whether the theory is valid or not will rise.By interviewing the two local government employees in charge of the work with industrial policy, and studying their strategic documents I got my answers. This by looking at their work but also their attitudes towards the national policy in terms of understanding the policy, being able to work with it, and wanting to work with it.

The aim of this study is to explore local cultural policy documents in the municipality of Gothenburg Sweden, and, more specifically, to investigate the concepts of cultural planning and instrumental cultural policy. Cultural planning is in this thesis seen as a result of an instrumental view of cultural policy. The theoretical framework consists of the theories of Danish cultural policy researcher Dorte Skot-Hansen. She describes cultural policy in urban areas as founded in motives such as economy, social issues, entertaining and enlightenment. A qualitative text analysis is performed in order to see if the purpose of the cultural policies is to focus on cultural planning as formulated in the document Kulturpolitisk strategi ? version 1.0, adopted by the city council in 1998.

AbstractEssay in political science, C-level, by Bo-Josef Eriksson, spring semester 2007Tutor: Susan Marton?Universal morality - does it exist? - A case study of small states foreign policy?The purpose of this essay is to examine how well does realism stand of against idealism when the focus of the study is on small states foreign policy? The essay takes it?s starting point at the debate between the two theories of international relations (IR). Realism is the theory that has had the most impact on the study of IR since the second world war. Idealism has been it?s greatest opponent and the debate is still active even up til this day.My case study of Danmarks foreign aid policy constitutes a worst critical case scenario for realism and therfore my assumptions were that idealism would be the theory that could explain the core-elements of the Danish foregin aid.

Fenomenet med nationella riskbedömningar Àr relativt nytt i Europa. Myndigheten för samhÀllsskydd och beredskap överlÀmnade den allra första nationella riskbedömningen till regeringen Är 2013. Syftet i uppsatsen Àr att undersöka om man genom ett policy transfer-perspektiv pÄ nationella riskbedömningar kan se nÄgra indikatorer som hindrar policy transfer inom riskomrÄdet. En första, översiktlig undersökning görs genom att jÀmföra de risker man lyfter fram i sju europeiska nationella riskbedömningar för att se om man kan tyda nÄgot mönster. Uppsatsen tog avstamp ur antagandet att geografisk nÀrhet och liknande interna förutsÀttningar kunde tÀnkas innebÀra att man Àven har en liknande syn pÄ risker som lÀnder i ens nÀromrÄde.

With background in the acknowledgement of the current period of major change in the characteristics of traditional Swedish foreign policy, considering the membership in the European Union, as well as the new contextual scenarios that Sweden has been situated in after the end of the cold war, this thesis aims at scrutinizing the Swedish Foreign Policy from 1991 to 2010. The purpose of the thesis is further to localize continuity and change in the ideas which Sweden has explicitly stated in its foreign policy. Based on the theory of institutionalism, the thesis also aims to bring forward plausible explanations built on the main empirical findings. This has been done by identifying different types of goals and means within realism and liberalism as well as categorizing each theory within three ideal types.The chosen research method has been a qualitative text analysis with focus on an ideational analysis. The material on which the descriptive analysis is based upon is constituted by the annual statements of government policy in parliamentary debates on foreign affairs.The results of the thesis show that the ideas that are related to solidarity, consensus and active foreign policy are constant through the period of examination.

The aim of this study is to analyse the Swedish stateÂŽs ambition in achieving equality among its citizens. By studying the new urban policy introduced by the government in 1998 from a theoretical perspective the purpose of this essay is to understand the ideational dimensions in this policy project, in regard to established understandings about equality.The theoretical framework on which this study is based consists of two different parts. The first presents dominating models on welfare states, mainly focusing on the socialdemocratic welfare state. The second introduces influential theoretical views on equality, primarily discussing universalism and a differentiated equality view. It also presents theoretical views on how to understand the relationship between the state an its citizens.

Problembakgrund:     Huruvida redovisningen Àr regelbaserad eller principbaserad Àr en viktig frÄga för bÄde redovisare och revisorer. I en regelbaserad redovisning finns detaljerad vÀgledning för hur reglerna ska tillÀmpas vid upprÀttandet av finansiella rapporter. DÀremot bygger en principbaserad redovisning pÄ bedömningar och tolkningar av hur redovisningsprinciperna ska tillÀmpas i en specifik situation. Vad implementering av K2 som Àr ett regelbaserat regelverk och K3 som Àr ett principbaserat regelverk innebÀr för de som upprÀttar finansiella rapporter och de som anvÀnder sig av dessa rapporter, har diskuterats mycket under senaste tiden, bland annat av forskare, normsÀttare, redovisningsexperter och revisorer. K3-regelverk Àr mer komplext och stÀller höga krav pÄ redovisningen till skillnad frÄn K2 som Àr ett förenklat regelverk och anpassat till mindre företags behov. Problemförmulering: Vad har revisorer för Äsikter om att revidera regelbaserad kontra principbaserad redovisning i ljuset av de nya redovisningsreglerna K2 och K3? Syfte: Denna studie har för syfte att skapa en ökad förstÄelse för vad revisorerna har för uppfattningar om regelbaserad kontra principbaserad redovisning genom att beskriva och analysera revisionsprocessen i ljuset av de nya redovisningsreglerna K2 och K3. Metod: Jag har gjort en kvalitativ studie med en abduktiv ansats.