The Trappan Model is one of the most implemented treatment programs for children who have experienced domestic violence. This study undertakes a wider evaluation of the model through a pilot study. The approach is both quantitive and qualitative. Theory as well as the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire have been used to fulfil the aim. The design is pre-post.

En otillräcklig smärtbehandling ger patienter en försämrad livskvalitet och orsakar ett lidande som innefattar såväl ångest som oro. Många cancerpatienter anser att de inte får någon smärtbehandling och de upplever dessutom bristfälliga kunskaper i bemötandet av dem som ansvarar för deras behandling. Syftet med studien är att belysa på vilket sätt sjuksköterskan kan stödja patienter med cancerrelaterad smärta, för att möjliggöra adekvat smärtbehandling. Studien var en litteraturstudie och bygger på en integrerad analys av 13 artiklar. Resultatet presenteras utifrån olika kategorier.

Objective: The objective was to examine the incidence of constipation, and the preventive measures taken in relation with postoperative pain treatment with opioids at two orthopaedic surgery wards.Methods: The participants were patients that had undergone surgery in the back, hip or thigh. They were selected through systematic selection and a total of 46 electronic health records were examined. The factors investigated and tested for correlation with constipation were the usage of laxatives, daily fluid-intake and early mobilisation.Results: Totally, 26.1 % of the patients became constipated, and laxatives were prescribed to 65.2 % of the patients. Doctors prescribed 53.3 % of the laxatives, nurses 33.3 % and for the remaining 13.3 % it was uncertain who had written the prescription. Usage of laxatives seemed to cause constipation (p=0,025), whereas there was no correlation between constipation and early mobilization.

Prolifererande verrukös leukoplaki, PVL, är en ovanlig sjukdom som yttrar sig genom multipla, vita förändringar i munslemhinnan som recidiverar och med tiden riskerar att utvecklas till cancer. Diagnosen kan endast ställas kliniskt när sjukdomsförloppet pågått under lång tid och det finns heller inga effektiva behandlingsmetoder. Etiologin till sjukdomen är okänd, men idag vet man att det finns ett samband mellan cancerutveckling och vissa virustyper. Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det går att påvisa humant papillom virus, HPV, i vävnadsprover från patienter som kan misstänkas ha PVL. Urvalet bestod av 11 patientfall, där vävnadsprover från biobanken vid avdelningen för oral patologi, Malmö högskola, samlats in och studerats med kromogen in situ hybridisering. Resultaten visade en högre förekomst av HPV i biopsier tagna i det senare skedet av sjukdomen jämfört med tidigare biopsier.

Background: War-related amputations are represented by a unique group of patients because of the wounds complexity and scope of several serious injuries. To prevent and avoid care suffering and suffering of the patient, this study focused on the nurse's way to manage and identify the needs of this unique group of patients who have suffered from war-related limb loss. To undergo a traumatic amputation is a big change for the victim, and the nurse has an important role in responding to the patient and their needs Aim: To illuminate nursing care of patients with war-related limb loss. Method: The chosen method was a literature review. The data consisted of nine qualitative and three quantitative studies.

This degree project aims to evaluate alternative methods to the unanaesthetized castration of piglets. Castration of piglets is performed to prevent the development of boar taint. Boar taint can cause great financial losses for the pig manufacturer. Unanaesthetized castration of piglets is not regarded to be satisfactory from an animal welfare perspective and the procedure will for that reason be outlawed in the near future.Several alternative methods are used in countries all over the world with promising result. The purpose of this study is to evaluate if this methods could be applied in Swedish pig production.A literature study has been combined with interviews; field studies, questionnaires and a small study on male pig production.To be applicable to and applied in Swedish pig production the alternative method must be financially accepted by the manufacturers but also accepted from an animal welfare perspective.Castration is the only way to guarantee a meat free of boar taint.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att lyfta fram hur vardagen upplevs, och vad som påverkar den, av patienter med svårläkande venöst bensår. Elva vetenskapliga artiklar granskades och kvalitetsbedömdes enligt givna kriterier. Därefter inleddes den strukturella analysen där tre huvudteman framträdde. Carnevalis balansmodell användes som teoretisk referensram. De tre teman som återfanns var: relationen mellan patient och profession; fysiska, psykiska och sociala konsekvenser av att leva med svårläkande venöst bensår, samt föreställningar och kunskap.

This is a qualitative study where the purpose was to investigate what professionals experience to be the reason for an individual to become addicted to gambling and continues to gamble even though it leads to negative consequences. The purpose was also to investigate what the professionals experienced was of importance for an individual to recover from a gambling addiction. The study was based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with knowledgeable individuals in the field. The main findings of the study were that the motivation for individuals with a gambling problem to continue gamble was that they saw gambling as the solution to their problems by winning back lost money. It was common that gambling was an escape from anxiety, guilt, shame, and other gambling-related problems such as financial liabilities.

The idea with this study is to examine if there are a connection between how optimistic people are in relation to how stressed they feel. The result from the survey is based on materials from a questionnaire has been sent to fifty persons of varying age and sexes. The questionnaire has also been sent to students from Karlstad University but also to friends and acquaintances. The data is measured with SE- and LOT-tests. The issues concerned in which scope respondents experiences themselves stressed and optimistic and how the connection is between experienced stress and optimism in relation to results on the figure tests.

Background: All the students in the University College of Södertörn in Sweden who are studying to become a teacher, are attending practice education.Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study was to illuminate and analyze how the students experienced their practice education. My intent was to investigate if the students by their experiences have been affected in their own self-esteem.Method: This is a qualitative study that has been responded by 60 teacher students. The students attended in an internet- survey that included ten different questions.Result: The result of the interviews shows that the self-esteem has been affected, mostly in a positive way.Conclusion: The most common reason that affected the student self-esteem depended on how their supervisor has been treating them during their practice.

Sleep has a recreating, health promotive and regenerative function. Research shows that intensive care patients suffer from sleep deprivation and bad sleep quality with considerable negative consequences.The aim of the report was to examine how much nocturnal sleep patients without ventilator treatment get and to observe factors that may influence sleep.Methods: An observation chart was used to collect data. The staff?s observation of the patients? night sleep and estimated nocturnal noise- and light levels in the patients? rooms were documented. The patients? answers to questions about pain and possible causes for their awakenings were noted.

Background: The population of the world is getting older and in the year of 2020, 1.2 billion people will be 60 years or older. A common health complaint affecting the quality of life in elderly persons are sleep difficulties. Physical activity is claimed to improve sleep quality and the maintenance of a normal circadian rhythm. Several studies have shown positive effects of physical activity on sleep quality, still the evidence of physical activity as sleep-promoter is insufficient. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate associations between physical activities and sleep quality in persons ?60 years of age.

Background: Exercise dependence is a behavior where some people get very strong feelings for their training. This dependency becomes a problem when it affects individuals? life in a negative way. Individuals with low self-esteem have been found to have an increased risk for exercise dependence. Self-estem is associated with Self-compassion, which is to have compassion with oneself in pain and difficult periods.

Aktuell forskning har visat att psykologiska faktorer spelar en viktig roll för upplevelsen av långvarig smärta. Denna studie undersökte effekterna av en KBT-behandling bestående av introceptiv exponering och avslappning för patienter med långvarig smärta. Studien använde en single-subject design där sex smärtpatienter genomgick en sex veckor lång individuell behandling. De variabler studien undersökte var i första hand förändringar gällande grad av acceptans samt upplevd smärtintensitet, i andra hand förändringar gällande smärtrelaterad ångest, rörelserädsla, katastroftankar samt funktion. Deltagande i behandlingen var förknippat med ökad acceptans, förbättrad funktion, minskad smärtintensitet, minskad smärtrelaterad ångest, mindre katastroftankar samt minskad rörelserädsla.

Cancer är en sjukdom som drabbar människor i alla åldrar. Den är fortfarande en av de vanligaste dödsorsakerna bland barn och ungdomar. Smärtan hos barn har underskattats på grund av bristfällig kunskap och därför inte alltid behandlats på ett adekvat sätt. Syftet med studien är att sammanställa och belysa forskning som beskriver huruvida rädsla kan påverka barns upplevelse av smärta vid cancerbehandling samt beskriva vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas för att minska rädslan och därmed smärtupplevelsen. Metoden som används är en litteraturöversikt som grundar sig på forskning som finns inom området.