Den arena där socker och sötma förstärs har förändrats i och med att socker har gått från en global handelsvara, endast tillgänglig ett fåtal, till en lokal som når de stora massorna. Detta kanske kan ses som en mindre revolution i mathållningen. Men varför äter människan socker och varför finner hon smaken så åtråvärd?Syftet med studien var att ur ett evolutionärt samt kulturellt perspektiv undersöka varför människan finner den söta smaken åtråvärd.Metoden som har använts i föreliggande studie var en litteraturstudie av vetenskapliga artiklar där artiklar som berör hälsoaspekter som socker och sötma orsakar diskuteras emot bakgrundens evolutionära samt kulturella aspekter.Resultatet visade att människan fann den söta smaken åtråvärd baserat både på medfödda samt kulturellt inlärda preferenser.Av diskussionen framgick att det fanns en medfödd preferens för sötma men att den kulturellt betingade preferensen tog över genom den inlärning hon får från sin första måltid av modersmjölk och framåt. Människan förknippade därför sött med både trygghet, lugn, belöning, tröst men framförallt med mat.

In Economic Geography, there has been a strong interest of how different forms of proximity impacts businesses. In addition, there is also a strong interest in business agglomeration, as a result businesses cluster together through physical proximity, networks and knowledge. In the development sector, there is a strong interest on how to best support the creations and growth of small enterprises.This essay emphasises on the business cluster formations in Katutura, a suburb to Windhoek the capital city of Namibia. It oversees the impacts of different types of cluster formations and their effects on the businesses. In addition, this essay will identify the main clusters in Katutura and state what makes them unique from each other and what is a common cluster feature.

The aim of this Master?s thesis is to examine and present the programmes and activities of school library centres in order to see what functions (purposes) they can fulfil in a municipality and also if and how they can contribute to school library development. In order to fulfil my purpose I have made qualitative interviews with five librarians from school library centres. The theoretical framework is primarily based on David Loertscher?s.

In recent centuries the Swedish Tiled Stove has varied in its design with an aesthetic Evolutionary history that has not only followed the architectural and artistic ideals but also the taste in stove design. The heat source has varied depending on the regional traditions and where it was located within the country, but the inside of the construction was of a similar five channel system. The purpose of this paper is to study and compare the design of tile matrices made by Emil Petterson with other Swedish stoves. The following questions will be addressed:What characterized the production of a small scale tile stove workroom during the years 1900-50? Which main styles can be described as Emil Pettersson?s ideal while producing his matrices? And finally, is it possible to study the tile stove matrices as objects of historical and cultural significance, and what difficult methodological issues might occur in the doing of it? To answer these questions I will present the results of the documentation of Pettersson?s tile matrices with detailed historical categorizations and schedules. The conclusion shows that Pettersson as a stove builder and -producer was characterized by eclectic ideals and a design shape based on more liberal interpretations of contemporary trends.

This paper describes the Evolutionary development of an information system for a small company. The company performs overhaul of forklifts and cleaning machines. The company has already an information system that handles the reports from these overhauls but it needs a supplementary tool that assist the chief planner to plan forthcoming overhauls.It should be able to display coming overhauls in a timetable and eventually print them, either to a PDF file or to a document. The timetables this function produces will help the chief planner and the assemblers to get a good overview of their day-to-day work.The tool needs to be intelligent in that way that it takes into consideration were in the country different assignments will be performed. So that time consuming travels over great distances can be avoided.

Bakgrund: Under 1970-talet börjar företag förändra sitt arbetande med traditionell budget. Detta p.g.a.att budgeten inte ses som tillräckligt flexibel i världens olika förändringar. Många företag väljer att förbättra den traditionella budgeten med olika förbättringsåtgärder. Som ett exempel på detta är Handelsbanken som väljer ett nytt system Beyond Budgeting/Budgetlösstyrning. Ett ekonomistyrningssystem som är den traditionella budgetens motsats.Syfte: Studien syftar till att se hur de olika systemen fungerar i reella verksamheter, och speciellt de som har erfarenheter av Beyond Budgeting.

The investigation aims to clarify to what extent non-conscious thought has efficacy in e.g. decision making and also examine some aspects of the question whether decisions are caused by free will. This will be conducted through an analysis of new research pertaining to neuroscience, economics, the combination of the two within neuroeconomics; Evolutionary theory and especially the new theory of Unconscious thought (Nordgren & Dijksterhuis 2006) which will enjoy special scrutiny due to its recentness in the scientific field. A decision strategy ought to put high-level conscious cognition to use where it's most effective and this is on a different level than the canonized one. Meta decision making is decision making pertaining to which decisions ought to be made consciously.

The cat has Evolutionary become an obligate carnivore. Today it is common to feed the cat a dry food. Studies have shown that the dry formula can have negative consequences for the cat. A literature study where conducted to investigate whether the cats origin makes it incapable to compensate for the changes a dry food entails. The impact and implications regarding water intake, energy intake and blood glucose concentration when feeding the cat dry food where examined.

The conservation of great apes faces many challenges, one of which is the threat of infectious disease outbreaks. Zoonotic transmission of respiratory diseases from humans to wild great apes has recently been confirmed. Since respiratory disease is one of the major causes of death in both gorillas and chimpanzees, this gives reason for major concern. Little is known about the risks of disease transmission from humans to great apes in natural environments, and there is a need for systematic risk evaluation. Researchers, conservation staff and tourists spend time in very close proximity of wild great apes, sometimes during long time periods, which poses a potential risk of disease spillover. However, the presence of researchers and tourists has been shown to decrease the risk of poaching, making the matter increasingly complex.

Bakgrund: I hemsjukva?rden ges den patientna?ra omsorgen vanligen av en anho?rigva?rdare och utan dem skulle befolkningens omsorgsbehov inte kunna tillgodoses. Anho?rigva?rdare upplever sig beho?va kontinuerligt sto?d fra?n sjukva?rden. Det sociala sto?det a?r en viktig del av vad som uppra?ttha?ller individen men det a?r omtvistat huruvida socialt sto?d ska komma fra?n ha?lso- och sjukva?rdspersonal.

Light has always fascinated humans but ever since the invention of the first light bulb, the use of artificial lighting has accelerated dramatically. Darkness has never been as rare as today and the overuse of lighting has created a new phenomenon called light pollution. Most living beings are biologically dependent on the recurrent twenty-four-hour rhythm of light and darkness, called the circadian cycle. Human beings are Evolutionary developed after this circadian rhythm and the effects of constant artificial light is yet unknown. Scientists fear the consequences of constant lighting and what it means physically, mentally and philosophically for the human species.

Denna uppsatsen undersöker varför våld i film är så utbrett och populärt. Jag använder mig av ett evolutionärbiologiskt perspektiv, som tidigare inte använts vid filmforskning i så stor utsträckning. Istället har filmforskning och andra studier på människans beteende oftast utgått ifrån ett socialkonstruktivistiskt perspektiv. Uppsatsen är av typen ?forskningsöversikt? vilket innebär att jag inte har gjort någon klassisk analys på ett filmiskt verk eller empiriskt material, utan har sammanställt en stor mängd forskning från andra forskare.

The search for antibiotic compounds from the natural environment has been going on for seven decades, ever since penicillin entered the market and antibiotic treatments became routine. The Evolutionary pressure put on the pathogenic microorganisms induced a rapid spreading of naturally occurring resistance genes, leaving only the option of finding new antibiotics to treat the resistant pathogens. Microorganisms have been extensively mined for their biosynthetic abilities to produce biologically active compounds. To date, more than 23 000 microbial natural products have been discovered. The Actinomycetales are ubiquitous bacteria that have been used for antibiotic discovery for more than half a century, and over 10 000 natural products have been identified from the order.

Syftet är att analysera hur svenska innovationsinriktade företag arbetar med innovationsprocesser och vad de gör för att innovationsprocesser ska 1) initieras 2) hanteras och 3) kommersialiseras. Empirin är byggd på fyra studier med företag som alla genomgått innovationsprocesser.  Empirin behandlas tematiskt i resultat- och analysdelen utifrån följande teman: bakgrund och sammanhang, idéer och möjligheter uppstår, idéer och möjligheter väljs, idéer och möjligheter exploateras samt företagsstorlek. De centrala teorierna och modellerna i denna studie är Model of Corporate Entrepreneurship, Idéers uppkomst, Evolutionary Theory samt Skillnader mellan stora och små företag.Slutsatserna är att varje fall och varje innovationsprocess har sitt eget karakteristika där många faktorer som står utanför företagens kontroll spelar in. Gemensamma faktorer bland de fyra fallen i deras sätt att arbeta med innovationsprocesser med avseende på initierande, hanterande och kommersialiserande av innovationsprocesser kan dock skönjas.

Herbicide resistance is the result of an Evolutionary process where a population gradually changes from being susceptible to being resistant to an herbicide. The resistance mechanism is usually a change in the biochemistry of the weed, but in some cases changes in morphology or growth rhythm. The change is caused by random mutations. Two resistance mechanisms are found in black-grass; target site resistance and metabolic resistance.Black-grass is a tufty, winter annual grass weed, which is mainly found in milder climates. Black-grass is a big problem in Southern Europe.