Bakgrund: I hemsjukva?rden ges den patientna?ra omsorgen vanligen av en anho?rigva?rdare och utan dem skulle befolkningens omsorgsbehov inte kunna tillgodoses. Anho?rigva?rdare upplever sig beho?va kontinuerligt sto?d fra?n sjukva?rden. Det sociala sto?det a?r en viktig del av vad som uppra?ttha?ller individen men det a?r omtvistat huruvida socialt sto?d ska komma fra?n ha?lso- och sjukva?rdspersonal.

Light has always fascinated humans but ever since the invention of the first light bulb, the use of artificial lighting has accelerated dramatically. Darkness has never been as rare as today and the overuse of lighting has created a new phenomenon called light pollution. Most living beings are biologically dependent on the recurrent twenty-four-hour rhythm of light and darkness, called the circadian cycle. Human beings are evolutionary developed after this circadian rhythm and the effects of constant artificial light is yet unknown. Scientists fear the consequences of constant lighting and what it means physically, mentally and philosophically for the human species.

Syftet med detta arbete är att studera utomhusundervisning inom biologiämnet i grundskolans senare år. Arbetet syftar även till att fastställa Ekobussens roll i utomhusundervisningen. Frågeställningarna lyder som följande:?Vilken inställning har lärare till utomhusundervisning inom biologi??Vad finns det för fördelar och nackdelar med utomhusundervisning??Vad får elever ut av utomhusundervisning??Hur använder sig lärare av Ekobussen och vilken inställning har de till den?För att få svar på dessa frågor genomfördes en enkätundersökning med lärare och elever samt djupintervjuer av tre lärare.Resultatet i undersökningen visar att både lärare och elever anser att utomhusundervisning inom biologiämnet inte bedrivs i tillräcklig utsträckning. Orsaker till detta är bland annat osäkerhet hos lärare, brist på bra exkursionsplatser i närområdet samt att det är schematekniskt svårt att få tid att komma ut.Undersökningen visar att de stora fördelarna med utomhusundervisning inom biologi är att eleverna anser sig koppla teoretisk och praktisk kunskap samman samt att många sinnen stimuleras vilket underlättar inlärningen..

The Swedish institute of racial biology was the first of its kind in the world. The purpose of their activity was to gather information about the different kind of racial characters of the Swedish population. They did this by traveling around the country gathering pictures and statistic information. In 1958 it was decided that the institute was going to get integrated with the University of Uppsala and change its research focus to a more medical genetic. Most of the research material also got integrated into the university?s library.The purpose of this paper is to find out how the institutes collection has been handled through the ages and if there have been any controversy or debate about it.

The giant otter (Pteronura brasiliensis) is listed as an endangered species and scientific litterature concerning its biology and behaviour is scarce. The current study observed a group of three giant otters in a Swedish zoo. First the otters normal behaviour was recorded. Then the aim of the study was to see if the otters behaviour changed when given blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Furthermore the aim was to see if the otters displayed any tool-using behaviour when given mussels.

Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary scientific subject which connects biology, biomedicine and information science. Bioinformatics generates new biological knowledge by using computer methods and biological databases and can thereby play an important role for the understanding of diseases and be used for development of new medicines. The appearance of bioinformatics has thereby had a big impact on biomedical research.In this study, I have examined bioscientists' use of bibliographical databases, bioinformatic databases/web sites and bioinformatic tools and their needs of support concerning these resources. I have also examined which support the scientific libraries offer their users concerning bibliographical databases, bioinformatic databases/web sites and bioinformatic tools and have compared it with the needs the libraries think that the users have and the needs the users state that they have.The results from the study show that there is a wish for library support concerning bibliographical databases, bioinformatic databases/web sites and bioinformatic tools. The wishes of the respondents are in contrast to the libraries' view about bioscientists interest concerning bioinformatic databases/web sites and bioinformatic tools.

Beställningsfrekvensen för detektion av Trichomonas vaginalis samt Mycoplasma genitalium i Jönköpings län är låg jämfört med den för Chlamydia trachomatis och Neisseria gonorrhoeae.  Både T. vaginalis och M. genitalium har associerats med infektion av humant papillomvirus (HPV) samt kan bland annat orsaka salpingit med infertilitet som potentiell komplikation. Patogenerna har även beskrivits öka risken för transmission av HIV. Syftet med studien var att detektera T.

The urbanization of the world is increasing. How it affects bird populations have been well studied during the last decade, and comparisons between urban and non-urban habitats have been carried out. A common method for measuring habitat quality is to calculate the population density. This method is easy to use, but have been criticized during the last couple of years. In this study, data of population densities was compared with data on reproduction success.

The main purpose of this study was to obtain insight into what students and teachers think about field trips in ecology and whether they think that fieldtrips result in increase of students? learning. Open questionnaires and half structured interviews were used to investigate this. Persons who answered the questionnaires and participated in the interviews were senior high school teachers in biology or science and high school science students. All the teachers and most of the students thought that field trips in ecology resulted in increased learning.

The search for antibiotic compounds from the natural environment has been going on for seven decades, ever since penicillin entered the market and antibiotic treatments became routine. The evolutionary pressure put on the pathogenic microorganisms induced a rapid spreading of naturally occurring resistance genes, leaving only the option of finding new antibiotics to treat the resistant pathogens. Microorganisms have been extensively mined for their biosynthetic abilities to produce biologically active compounds. To date, more than 23 000 microbial natural products have been discovered. The Actinomycetales are ubiquitous bacteria that have been used for antibiotic discovery for more than half a century, and over 10 000 natural products have been identified from the order.

The research in the field of biotechnology is rapidly developing all over the world. Modern biotechnology offers unique opportunities, simultaneously as it gives rise to a number of ethical issues. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), PGD/HLA (Human Leucocyte Antigen) and germline gene therapy (GLGT) are controversial techniques. PGD gives a possibility to identify a genetic disease prior to the embryo?s implantation in the uterus.

One of the main reasons for the massive loss in plant species diversity is the fragmentation of habitats. In Europe, open pastures and meadows are the habitats going through the most changes during the 20th century, according to the agricultural changes. In this study vascular plants were invented at five different islands in the Lurö archipelago, Vänern, Sweden. The aim of the study was to sort out whether the diversity of plants has gone through any changes in abandoned managed grasslands compared to continuous managed grasslands. The aim was also to study if a change in the landscape has made any differences for the species development or decline.

The Savi?s Warbler (Locustella luscinioides) is a recently established bird species in a few reedy shallow lakes of southern Sweden and has only been found nesting for the last twenty years. Little is known about the species' habitat preferences, breeding biology and demands for specific territory structures at breeding sites in Sweden. Knowledge of a newly established species? habitat requirements is essential to maintain a viable population and design action plans.

2011 fick den svenska skolan nya styrdokument att förhålla sig till och arbeta efter. Nu finns begrepp som sexualitet, relationer, kön, identitet, jämställdhet och normer inskrivet i de nya ämnesplanerna för gymnasieskolan. Förändringen innebär att ansvaret för undervisningen i sexualitet och relationer, tidigare sex- och samlevnadsundervisningen, inkluderas i flera ämnen och därmed vilar också ett ansvar på lärarna i berörda ämnen. Rektorn har dock, precis som tidigare, det övergripande ansvaret för att styrdokumenten följs. I denna empiriska studie har vi undersökt hur lärare på gymnasienivå tolkar att de ska undervisa i sexualitet och relationer inom ramen för ämnet samhällskunskap.

Detta är ett naturvetenskapligt arbete som omfattas både av en kvantitativ och en kvalitativ undersökning. Syftet med arbetet är att undersöka mellanskarvens födoval i sjön Sommen, samt att närmare studera huruvida det unika beståndet av röding och öring ingår i mellanskarvens födoval. Sommens Fiskevårdsområde har fått tillstånd till skyddsjakt på mellanskarv av Länsstyrelsen och det främsta skälet skulle vara att fågeln prederar röding och öring. Genom att analysera mellanskarvens spyboll och jämföra innehållet med referensfiskar fångade från samma sjö ska vi se om beslutet från Länsstyrelsen är befogat. Insamling av spybollar och referensfiskar utfördes i fält medan analys av spybollar utfördes på laboratorium.