Car usage is determined by several facts, e.g. living conditions determined by geographical matters. There is a political will to control car usage with different kinds of incentives since car usage generates environmental problems. This essay analyses the differences between car usage in urban areas as opposed to thinly populated areas in Sweden and their significance on governmental incentives. By using statistics differences in car ownership during ten years between thinly populated areas, areas in the countryside and urban areas is studied.

Rearing in organic pig production differs from conventional rearing; pigs have outdoor access and larger space allowances. Regardless of production system all pigs are transported before slaughter and during transport pigs are crowded together in a new environment and in a space smaller than they are used to. As pigs in organic herds are reared at even larger space allowances than conventional pigs, such crowding could possibly have a stronger impact on pig behaviour and well-being. Six pig producing herds, three conventional and three organic, were visited and pigs from each herd were enclosed during 12 minutes in a test area corresponding to the crowding on a transport vehicle. During the crowding, pigs? behaviour was observed, before and after enclosure in the test area skin lesion scores were recorded, and also measures of heart girth (for weight estimation) was done.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine the relationship between the elderly at a retirement home and their professional caretakers with focus on the perspective of the elderly. Chosen method, a qualitative interview analysis has been conducted to describe how the relationship affects the elderly in their everyday lives. The total amount of interviews were four. The relationship between the elderly and their professional caretakers has rarely been examined in previous research from an elder?s perspective.The results indicate that the elderly often are satisfied with the way the professional caretakers treat them.

The purpose of this study is to shed light on and describe Kramfors travel centers function and relationship to the surrounding urban environment, and how this core is experienced by residents and visitors. To do this, the use of the travel center, its relationship to Kramfors city center and the perception of it, as well as possible improvement areas has been studied.This has been examined using a quantitative method by designing a questionnaire and the usage of a research strategy through the implementation of a small-scale survey. Within this a cluster sampling was applied.The result shows that Kramfors travel centers is primarily used for traveling and is used most frequently by the visitors within the study. It is also shown that residents 'primary reason for traveling from the travel center is friends and family, followed by shopping, and that the visitors' primary motive for traveling is friends and family as well, followed by work. The mode of transportation between the travel center and destinations are mainly walking, while the mode of transport between homes and the travel center proves to be the car.

The aim of this thesis is to describe and analyze the geographical distribution of everyday criminality in the town of Borlänge during the year 2002 and to analyze which measures to be taken in the physical social planning to decrease this everyday criminality there. The term everyday criminality is here to be understood as those categories of crime that appear most frequently in the records of reports to the police every year. Here two kinds of crime have been in focus, thefts from cars and office burglary.In fulfilling this aim two main questions have been answered. The first one is how the everyday criminality was distributed geographically in the town of Borlänge during the year 2002. The second one is which measures to be taken in the physical social planning to decrease this everyday criminality in the town of Borlänge.In order to answer the first question a spatial autocorrelation analysis, Local Moran LISA has been used.

Students of all ages host a wide variety of scientifically inaccurate ideas and conceptions about everyday astronomical phenomena, such as the seasons, the moon phases, and gravity. The field of Astronomy Education Research has over the last decade experienced an accelerating growth, although the majority of studies have been conducted in the USA. In this work, the 9th grade students of a typical Swedish school were surveyed by means of a questionnaire in order to probe their conceptual understanding of several key concepts in astronomy. In the end, the number of respondents amassed to a total of 90. The results were analyzed with a constructivist approach in light of conceptual change theory and phenomenological primitives.

What happens when one moves about in the city? In this essay I will explore how we through our movements create our own temporal cities. I base my investigation on Michel de Certeau's theories from his book The Practice of Everyday Life vol 1. De Certeau believes that by just walking in the city ? a mostly unconscious and for many trivial activity ? you write it, creating different types of spaces that can be understood using linguistic terms.In my essay, I develop de Certeau's theories about ordinary activities by applying them to two less ordinary ? and between themselves quite different ? spatial practices:  fare evasion on public transportation (plankning) and the urban activity of parkour.

We have by Statistics Sweden (SCB) been given the task of using different dynamic regression models in order to forecast service price index for sea transport. The aim is to see whether these models provide better forecasts than those previously used. This essay aim to identify, estimate and evaluate the selected prediction models. Through our data material we were given access to 28 sightings of sea transport index during the period of 2004 q1 to 2010 q4. We have chosen to evaluate three different transfer function models, one ARIMA model and one naive forecasting model. The input variables we decided to test in our transfer function models were the price of petroleum products, the port activity in Swedish ports and the lending rate of Swedish Central bank. The results of our study suggest that transfer function models generally provide better models than the ARIMA model and the naive forecast model.

En kostnadsjämförelse av fyra maskinsystem för sönderdelning och transport av GROT vid avlägg har utförts för att identifiera kostnadspåverkande faktorer samt finna de mest lönsamma maskinsystemen inom hanteringskedjan för GROT. Studerade maskinsystem var TOMO hugglink med en flisbil; Skotarburen flishugg och skopbil; Huggbil med lastväxlare och containersystem; Willibald kross och dumper med containersystem. Respektive maskinsystem körs av entreprenörer från Norra Skogsägarna och fakturerade kostnader från 15 utförda trakter per maskinsystem och entreprenör har analyserats med avseende på transportavstånd och avläggstorlek. Fakturerade kostnader har sedan jämförts med kostnader beräknade utifrån ekonomiska modeller med annuitetsmetoden och vetenskapliga rapporter som grund. I modellerna har medtagits fasta maskinkostnader, maskinutnyttjande, personalkostnader, rörliga kostnader samt förväntad prestation där prestationen utgjorts av ett medeltal från minst två vetenskapliga rapporter.

SammanfattningSyfte och frågeställningarSyftet med den här studien var att undersöka självrapporterad fysisk aktivitet och stillasittande hos personer med olika aktivitetsnivå på arbetet.    Skiljer sig den fysiska aktiviteten i olika domäner (transport, hem och fritid) respektive den totala fysiska aktiviteten utöver arbetet beroende på aktivitetsnivå på arbetet?Skiljer sig tiden stillasittande beroende på aktivitetsnivå på arbetet?MetodFör att uppfylla syftet valdes en kvantitativ metod med tvärsnittsdesign. Data samlades in med hjälp av enkäten International Physical Activity Questionnaire (lång version), där frågorna om fysisk aktivitet är uppdelade i fyra domäner; arbete, transport, hem och fritid och berör intensitet, frekvens och duration. Frågorna om stillasittande är uppdelade för vardag och helg. Urvalet bestod av personer som arbetade heltid och flera olika yrken inkluderades i studien.

SammanfattningSyfteSyftet med studien är att undersöka hur studenter i Stockholm transporterar sig till och frånhögskola/universitet samt se deras förändringsbenägenhet att gå från inaktiv transport till aktivtransport.Frågeställning? Hur tar sig studenterna till sin högskola/universitet?? Vad påverkar deras val av transportmedel?? Vad kan få dem att välja ett aktivt transportmedel?MetodEn kvantitativ studie genomfördes där datainsamlingsmetoden var en webenkätundersökning viaprogrammet Defgo. Ett riktat urval skedde på målgruppspopulationen där samtliga rektorer förhögskolor samt universitet inom Stockholm stad tillhörande portalen ?Studera i Stockholm?tillfrågades via mail om deltagande, totalt nitton av tjugoen högskolor är anslutna till portalen. Urvalsgruppen kom att bestå av 541 respondenter på enkäten från tolv högskolor av totalt tjugoeninom Stockholm stad.

Natural and environmental issues are everyday parts in preschool but when educators shall consciously work with sustainable development they tend to stop at recycling and what is necessary to be done for achieving the Grön Flagg-certification. I have been observing various preschools and noticed that sustainable development is flawed, often because of the teachers lack of interest, knowledge and in some cases both. Out of this grew an idea of making a project that could help the teachers see how the work with the subject in a fun and educational way can become a part of the preschools everyday routine. I made a tutorial booklet with basic facts and activities relating to sustainable development and the three questions in my report were how much knowledge and interest the teachers initially have, if the tutorial booklet could help the teachers to produce new knowledge and interest for the topic and if it turned out to be easier for them to provide educational activities within the subject. There were three departments that participated in my survey and the methodology of collecting data was an anonymous survey with the teachers' own comments in response.

Bakgrund:Motivation handlar till grunden om en önskan att vilja förbättras eller förändras och kan därmed beskrivas som en kemisk process i kroppens egna belöningssystem och om arbetet i sig är tillfredsställande så ökar motivationen. Den inre och yttre motivationen skiljer sig åt, genom att den inre kommer från ens egen vilja att åstadkomma något och den yttre från ett utomstående förhållande, exempelvis genom ökad lön eller en befordran. Motivation kan ses som en riktning och intensitet i ens strävan att åstadkomma något och det kan ske av två orsaker, att själv vilja det eller att andra vill, men även ses som ett temporärt tillstånd. Syfte:Syftet med denna uppsats är att undersöka hur Nybro Transport AB motiverar sina medarbetare för att uppnå företagets gemensamma mål, samt vad som enligt medarbetarna motiverar dem. Metod:I uppsatsen har vi valt att använda oss av en kvalitativ forskningsansats med både primär- och sekundärdata, genom att arbeta efter det abduktiva arbetssättet.

Finns det skillnader i hur vi upplever auditiva dramer gentemot hur vi upplever film? Med hjälp av transporteringsteori och radiodramats historia undersöker detta examensarbete hur vi upplever auditiva dramer gentemot film. En historia har framställts som ett auditivt drama och som ett audiovisuellt drama och ett tidigare känt verk även det skapat både som auditivt drama och audiovisuellt drama har använts för att låta 26 respondenter uppleva två historier i två olika medier. Detta för att se om det finns skillnader i hur transporterade åhörare/åskådare blir av berättelser berättade genom olika medier.Undersökningens resultat pekar mot att skillnader i transport är små.En slutsats man kan dra av detta är att auditiva dramer kan användas mer i marknadsföringssyften, ?hype?-skapande och franchising av spel, film och serier.

The purpose of this study was to describe the experiences of being a family caregiver for aperson with dementia. A further aim was the inclusion criteria and data collection methods inthe studies presented, and how this may have affected the results of the studies. The methodwas a descriptive literature study with qualitative approach. Data were collected throughdatabases Cinahl and Pubmed using the words: dementia, knowledge, information, support,caregivers, coping, spouses, experiences and family caregiving. Keywords were combined indifferent ways in order to refine the search.