This essay will examine the historical picture of the island Rapa Nui as it is portrayed in popular science and in ecohistorical literature of the university of Gothenburg. This historical picture states that the inhabitants of the island cut down a lot of trees in the process of transporting the big and heavy statues, moai, from the quarry to the platforms along the coastline of the island. During this process all trees disappeared and resulted in soil erosion. The cultivation was destroyed and brought hunger to Rapa Nui. The following rivalry for food led to a situation of war followed by a cultural collapse.

De skandinaviska länderna uppvisar stora ekonomiska och politiska likheter, inte minst vad gäller relationerna mellan staten och arbetsmarknadens parter samt utformningen av arbets­marknadens instit­utioner. Av detta skäl brukar det ofta talas om en nordisk eller skandinavisk modell inom den komp­arativa arbetsmarknads­forskningen (Kvist, 2009:5). Men det finns även tydliga instituti­onella skillnader mellan län­dernas arbetsmarknadsmodeller, både vad gäller passiv respektive aktiv arbets­marknads­politik samt utformning av anställ­nings­skyddet. Dessa institutioner ut­gör i sin tur  tre av bestånds­delarna i den danska flexicuritymodellen, som ofta framställs som ett för­e­döme i den svenska ekon­omisk-politiska debatten om hur ungdomsarbetslösheten ska pressas ned till lägre nivåer än idag (Karlsson & Lindberg, 2008:63 f; Kvist, 2009:5).I denna uppsats studerar författaren hur utformningen av det flexibla anställningsskyddet och den generösa arbets­lös­hetsersättningen i den danska flexicuritymodellen skiljer sig från de instituti­onella mot­­­svar­igheterna i de övriga skandinaviska länderna. Vidare diskuterar författaren vilka effekter skill­naderna i utformningen av dessa kan tänkas ha på ung­doms­arbetslöshetens nivåer och samman­sättning i res­pektive land, utifrån resultat från logistisk regressionsanalys och jäm­förelser mellan arbetslösheten i ol­ika åldersgrupper i de undersökta länderna.

The Swedish Prime Minister, Tage Erlander, made a speech on the 22 of August 1961 in which he dismissed speculation that Sweden was seeking to abandon its neutral stance and non-alignment in foreign policy with a view to requesting membership of the European Economic Community. The reason was that the EEC was supposed to have a political part where a connection with NATO should have existed. This speech led to a domestic discussion which has been called the most intense debate of foreign affairs in recent history. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the reactions of the other parliamentary parties to Erlander?s speech.

The storm Gudrun January 8-9 2005 felled about 70 millions cubic metres forest in southern Sweden. The majority of the wind damaged forest was spruce (Picea abies). In order to decrease the risk of wind damages in the future other trees species are of interest for forestry in southern Sweden. The purpose of this master thesis was to study if larch were more wind tolerant than spruce. The method was to compare larch, Japanese larch (Larix kaempferi Lamb.), European larch (L.

AbstractWork to develop the Eurocodes started in 1975 by the European Commission adopted a program to eliminate trade barriers within the construction area. The goal was to create common European design standards that would replace the member countries' own rules. Eurocodes will replace The National Board of Housing Building and Planning, National Rail, The National Road Administration and other agencies' calculation rules for the buildings structures. The transition to the use of Eurocodes looks like this:Eurocodes set to Swedish standards  between 2002 ? 2007They can be used parallel with national standards 2006 - 2009 The total transition is at the end of 2010/2011.Right now is going on a lot of work for replacement of the existing standards to Eurocodes.  The transition to the new calculations` standards, many construction companies and consulting firms facing a big changes and competitions.

The purpose of this Masters-thesis is to examine the impact of identity politics on (a) Turkey's foreign policy towards Europe and the EU, and (b) Europe's/EU's political attitude towards Turkey, and what implications this may have on a possibly future Turkish membership in the EU. It is a more interpreting thesis than it is an explaining one. The examination shows that Turkey has considered Europe as a political model, while Europe has used the muslime Turkey as a threat to determine its own identity. The negotiations between EU and Turkey this autumn will have great impact on the identity of both sites. If the EU accepted Turkey as a member, the union could gain a chance to spread democracy to the islamic world and thereby earn global respect.

This thesis examines the legal boundaries of third-party use of trademarks in the European customized clothing market. The purpose is to determine under what circumstances third parties may legally modify and sell trademarked apparel without infringing on trademark rights. The study employs a legal dogmatic method, analyzing EU trademark law, case law, and legal doctrine to clarify the scope of exclusive rights and their limitations. By analyzing key EU case law, the study further illustrates how the legal framework has been interpreted and applied in cases concerning third-party trademark use. Given the increasing demand for customized fashion and the rise of new business models in the clothing industry, this topic holds significant legal and economic relevance. Additionally, Schumpeter?s theory of creative destruction provides a theoretical perspective on how trademark restrictions impact innovation and market competition.

Syftet med den här kvantitativa studien är att undersöka sambandet mellan socialt kapital och självbilden att befinna sig i det högre skiktet av samhället. Socialt kapital kan ses som resurser som finns inbäddade i samhällsrelationer och som därmed kan användas för att påverka livssituationen. I den här uppsatsen har socialt kapital definieras i termer av institutionell tillit, social tillit och socialt nätverk. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är att ökad tillit till sina medmänniskor och tillit till institutioner som exempelvis rättsväsendet och riksdagen är relaterat med personer som har en självbild i det högre skiktet av samhället. Även att socialt nätverk har ett positivt samband med att befinna sig i det högre skiktet av samhället.

This paper analyzes the Swedish labor market during the interwar and early postwar period within the framework of modern labor market theory. The development of unemployment during this period - according to the commonly cited source of labor union reports - represents a conundrum for research. The unemployment rate rose after the initial diverse shock of 1921 and stayed at a permanently higher level for the rest of the interwar period. This development was reversed after World War Two when the unemployment rate decreased and stayed permanently low for the rest of the postwar period until the oil price chock of the 1970s.In a first step the available sources of unemployment statistics is investigated and compared. The general conclusion is that the labor union reports overestimate the level of economy wide unemployment while being a reasonably good indicator of movements in the rate.

De skandinaviska länderna uppvisar stora ekonomiska och politiska likheter, inte minst vad gäller relationerna mellan staten och arbetsmarknadens parter samt utformningen av arbets­marknadens instit­utioner. Av detta skäl brukar det ofta talas om en nordisk eller skandinavisk modell inom den komp­arativa arbetsmarknads­forskningen (Kvist, 2009:5). Men det finns även tydliga instituti­onella skillnader mellan län­dernas arbetsmarknadsmodeller, både vad gäller passiv respektive aktiv arbets­marknads­politik samt utformning av anställ­nings­skyddet. Dessa institutioner ut­gör i sin tur  tre av bestånds­delarna i den danska flexicuritymodellen, som ofta framställs som ett för­e­döme i den svenska ekon­omisk-politiska debatten om hur ungdomsarbetslösheten ska pressas ned till lägre nivåer än idag (Karlsson & Lindberg, 2008:63 f; Kvist, 2009:5).I denna uppsats studerar författaren hur utformningen av det flexibla anställningsskyddet och den generösa arbets­lös­hetsersättningen i den danska flexicuritymodellen skiljer sig från de instituti­onella mot­­­svar­igheterna i de övriga skandinaviska länderna. Vidare diskuterar författaren vilka effekter skill­naderna i utformningen av dessa kan tänkas ha på ung­doms­arbetslöshetens nivåer och samman­sättning i res­pektive land, utifrån resultat från logistisk regressionsanalys och jäm­förelser mellan arbetslösheten i ol­ika åldersgrupper i de undersökta länderna.

Declining union memberships are a fact in both Sweden and Finland. At the same time, the autonomous labour market parties and the high membership rates are the most significant factors for the two countries compared to Europe and the rest of the world. These two factors have in turn been developed and strengthened since the beginning of the twentieth century. By autonomous labour market parties I refer to the fact that the labour market parties themselves through collective bargaining are agreeing on the labour market conditions, without interference from the government.This paper is therefore taking it's stance in the question of what happens with the autonomous labour market parties when the membership rates are in decline. With this in mind, this paper describes the judicial development, the collective agreement and labour market structures, the legal consequences of collective agreements and the opportunities of industrial and sympathy action in both Sweden and Finland. The two countries' systems of labour law have caught some negative attention, hence two of the most discussed cases of recent years are given some attention as well. The collective judicial conditions are very similar in both Sweden and Finland regarding the labour market main actors' collaboration, the collective agreement structures and legal consequences and the opportunities of industrial and sympathy action.

The food prices in Finland and Sweden have been a subject for discussion for several years back in time. From the opponents against further European integration one have often heard that the EU and EMU entrance have made an negative impact on the food prices. This study show us that the impactof the entrances was extensive in the short run but rather finite and insignificant in the long run.Other important factors that describe why food prices fluctuate is also discussed. The mainconclusion is that other factors than the EU and EMU entrance should be seen as more likely whenit comes to the development of food prices. The essay is principally based on quantitative statistics of food prices, analysed in the light of economic theory..

The right to freedom of conscience is protected by international conventions and declarations of human rights that have been ratified by Sweden. Nationally, the issue of health professionals? right to freedom of conscience in the abortion care is not resolved by public inquiry. This has led to that Sweden has been notified to the European Committee of Social Rights on the grounds that the country is considered to be violating the Council of  Europe Resolution 1763 and that the proper question to be determined by regulations of the interests that are balanced, based on their legal value in relation to each other. Freedoms, rights and obligations conflict with each other.

High oil prices and bad harvests have led to dramatic increases in food prices and are nowthreatening millions of people in densely populated cities all over the world. To ensure thatthese people will have enough food without compromising the needs of future generationswill be a demanding task for politicians and decision makers. ?is paper has shown thatHavanas urban gardens have increased urban food security since the hunger crisis thatoccurred a?er the fall of the Sovjet Union in 1989, and that they support the thesis of Amartya Sen and the Ryerson University. Urban gardens can be a good example for cities how to avoid hunger and famine if they are properly managed.

The dairy market will change importantly in the coming years. The quota system, which has regulated the European dairy production, will disappear in 2015 and the European dairy market will then be importantly affected by the volatility characterizing the dynamic of world prices. Besides this, the global demand of dairy products is expected to increase due to the growing world population. Farmers in countries such as the U.S. and New Zealand, when compared to Swedish farmers, show greater familiarity and experience with risk management tools.