Sveriges ökade engagemang i internationella konflikter har förändrat under vilkaformer och i vilka miljöer som dagens militära operationer genomförs. Framföralltinnebär det att alla insatsförband inom Försvarsmakten ska kunna verka inom allakonfliktnivåer och i de flesta miljöer, även i urban terräng. Som en följd av dettauppkommer nya behov och krav på den indirekta bekämpningsförmågan i form avprecisionsbekämpning.Syftet med föreliggande arbete är att kartlägga om, och till vilken grad, ettkurskorrigerande tändrör bidrar till att öka den taktiska effektiviteten förstådd somverkanseffektivitet, kostnadseffektivitet, logistisk effektivitet samt minskad oönskadsidoverkan. Kartläggningen sker genom en komparativ litteraturstudie medkompletterande expertintervjuer.Med hjälp av kurskorrigerande tändrör som medger nära precisionsbekämpning kanen rad vinster erhållas. Exempel på sådana vinster är minskad spridning samt ökaddimensionering av verkan, minskad risk för oönskad sidoverkan, en lägre totalkostnad för ammunition samt minskat behov av transporter genom ökad effekt av detenskilda skottet..

After Sweden became a member of the European Union, EU, the debate regarding the Swedish participation in the EU?s currency co-operation, the European Monetary Union, EMU, has been intense. One of the biggest issues has been how our national economic politics will work within such a monetary union. What instrument will remain for the national economic politics within the EMU are highly uncertain. The question whether we will be able to affect our own economy or not has long been the essence in the Swedish debate.

In the expansion rate of the national as well as the international market, the importance of trademark has been given a central matter. The definition of what can be considered a trademark has been widened. Today?s trademark law defines a trademark as something that can be graphically reproduced. Trademarks can there for contain names, words, numbers, letters or the shape of the goods itself or the packaging.

En sammanfattning av uppsatsen på maximalt 8000 tecken.This thesis is mainly dealing with the mobility of the employees within the borders of the European Union. Legislative framework from the EU is favourable and the Commission has set as one of it goals to promote the migration. Globalisation trends and contemporary business concepts need people who are mobile on the other hand. But migration numbers are still low within Europe. The purpose of this thesis is to find out how much the legal uncertainties, and the different culture mentality in the workplace of another country act as barriers in the minds of the people who wish to work abroad.

The purpose of this comparative study is to investigate if the views of Sayyid Qutb and Tariq Ramadan regarding social structure and religion are possible to unite with western liberal democracy. The basis of the study is the problematizing approaches written by Qutb and Ramadan regarding the possible unity between Islam and democracy. These problematizing approaches are then tested on the political philosophy of liberalism to see if a unity is possible.The result showed that Qutb's view did not meet the criteria of democracy, which wasn't surprising due to his negative views on the system. However, Ramadan's reformist view on Muslim identity did unite with the views of liberal democracy, though questions regarding the possibility of creating and preserving a European Muslim identity in the secular society were immediately brought to attention.The importance in Qutb's view is social equality, unity and submission to God and the importance of Ramadan's view is to create and preserve a European Muslim identity and adapt to the society where you live and participate as a citizen. Qutb's view will not tolerate diversity and one is to keep or convert to the Muslim faith.

Sports associations play a very important role in the Swedish civil society, and since the 1st of July 1987 they have been exempted from the duty to pay VAT. By introducing an sufficiently closely related. When the conflict of law exists, the directive will be accorded priority, which leads to the Swedish Sports Federation must examine and considerexemption for sports associations the income tax field and VAT field correlate and the legislative change resulted in more favorable pre-close solutions for all of Sweden's non- profit organizations.  In June 2008 the European Commission launched a process concerning Swedish infringement against EU-law, and with it the Swedish civil society, where all Swedish sports associations are included, is threatened. The European Commission wants to, among other things, force sports associations into the VAT system for the purpose of the VAT Directive to be achieved.

The purpose of this thesis is to assist the Swedish energy company NIBE Energy Systems in their studies of adaptive regulation applicable to electrical water heaters. Due to coming energy classifications of these appliances in the European Union, NIBE Energy Systems needs to use adaptive regulation, called Smart Control, to keep their products in the best possible energy class and remain competitive to the market. By using this Smart Control regulation a 2-3 % improve-ment of efficiency can be credited the system. This is a small number, but heavily needed, since the energy classes are based on the idea that the European Union is provided with electricity from coal condensate power resulting in a 40 % maximum efficiency. Furthermore, doing noth-ing will result in some water heaters not being approved to use on the market from 2015 due to low efficiency.

In 1993 the internal market within the European Union was formed and ensured free movement of goods, services, capital and people. This led to the removal of trade barriers between members of the European Union. When opening up for competition, price differences between countries decreased and more jobs were created. A single currency was introduced by eleven countries in 1999 with the goal of reducing transaction costs, eliminating exchange rate risk and to further simplify trade. In 2001 Greece joined the collaboration and introduced the euro.

The overall aim is to examine how the European Union Water Framework Directive has affected the local water management in the catchment Märstaån situated in the eastern part of the lake Mälaren river basin, Sweden. The first part of the study gives an historical overview of the area with focus on how the old agricultural landscape was handling the nutrient load from farming activities by means of different kinds of wetlands. By using the concept of the procedural landscape, introduced by Torsten Hägerstrand , together with historical maps with dates starting from the 17th century, the pre-modern landscape is analyzed.  The second part is an investigation, based on qualitative data, on how the different actors in the catchment area work together to secure the water quality for the Märstaån river. The analysis shows that the Märstaån catchment river systems are mostly unchanged in the rural areas.  The exception is the mainstream section of the Märstaån river running partly underground today and the Halmsjöbäcken river that is heavily affected by the Arlanda airport situated within the catchment area.

Detta examensarbete, med inriktning mot produktutveckling, vid Högskolan Väst i Trollhättan, behandlar konceptutveckling avseende ett städhjälpmedel för att underlätta städningen under entrémattor för lokalvårdare.Städhjälpmedelet skall vara billigt, användarvänligt samt tåla de belastningar och den miljö anordningen kan antas utsättas för. Det skall uppfylla de krav som ställs av användare, kunder samt andra intressenter.Produktutvecklingsprocessen har omfattat faktainsamling, konceptgenerering och utvärdering, feleffektanalys, kostnadsuppskattning samt detaljkonstruktion av produkten.Det slutgiltiga konceptet 4 hade sådan konstruktion att produkten kunde bäras med för hand eller hängas på städvagnen vid förflyttning. Dess funktion gjorde att den bedöms lätthanterlig och användarvänlig för lokalvårdare.Det valda konceptet har dokumenterats i form av bilder, ritningar och beräkningar. En CAD-ritning används som underlag för prototypframtagning då denna skickas till tillverkare för utvärdering.På grund av möjlig patent ansökan beskrivs inte exakta resultat, men utförliga beskrivningar av tillvägagångssätt och metoder framställs..

This essay focuses on the implementation of the strategy gender mainstreaming in the European Union and the member states. It starts to identify problems connected to the implementation process and recognizes significant prerequisites for an efficient implementation of the strategy. The main problems and prerequisites are: political will, governance and structure and knowledge about gender equality. The empirical material consists of reports from the EU that touches upon gender mainstreaming and gender equality. The problems and prerequisites will be analysed in relation to the governance perspectives top-down and bottom-up and expert bureaucratic and participative democratic and gender and feminism.

The main purpose of this essay was to study how the social service and the lawcourt have implemented the UN Convention on the Right of the Child, particularly incorporating the childs best interest in social services, child welfare investigations and the lawcourts judgement. We considered how the needs of the child, and the will and view of the child was documented. Also how the parents capacity and the environment factors, were documented in the social services investigations and the lawcourts judgement. The study was based both as a literature study and a document analysis. We analysed ten child welfare investigations from a social service office and their belonging lawcourt judgements.Our conclusion of the study is that the child is in focus both in the investigations and in judgement.

I takt med att varumärken fått en allt större betydelse i samhället har också definitionen av vad som kan utgöra ett varumärke breddats. Dagens varumärkeslagstiftning stadgar att alla former som kan anses ha en särskiljande funktion även kan bli föremål för varumärkesskydd så länge som ett antal utryckliga registreringshinder inte föreligger. Denna formulering inkluderar även varans egen formgivning varvid det finns risk för att varumärkesskyddet kan fungera som ett alternativ till exempelvis patent eller mönsterskydd. Varumärkesskyddet är inte tidsbegränsat, och det ställs heller inte några krav på nyskapande, vilket gör att varumärkesskyddet i de överlappande fallen dessutom kan anses som mer förmånligt än övriga immaterialrätter. Sett ur samhällets synvinkel är en sådan situation inte önskvärd eftersom den tekniska utvecklingen riskerar att hämmas.

Detta examensarbete, med inriktning mot produktutveckling, vid Högskolan Väst i Trollhättan, behandlar konceptutveckling avseende ett städhjälpmedel för att underlätta städningen under entrémattor för lokalvårdare.Städhjälpmedelet skall vara billigt, användarvänligt samt tåla de belastningar och den miljö anordningen kan antas utsättas för. Det skall uppfylla de krav som ställs av användare, kunder samt andra intressenter.Produktutvecklingsprocessen har omfattat faktainsamling, konceptgenerering och utvärdering, feleffektanalys, kostnadsuppskattning samt detaljkonstruktion av produkten.Det slutgiltiga konceptet 4 hade sådan konstruktion att produkten kunde bäras med för hand eller hängas på städvagnen vid förflyttning. Dess funktion gjorde att den bedöms lätthanterlig och användarvänlig för lokalvårdare.Det valda konceptet har dokumenterats i form av bilder, ritningar och beräkningar. En CAD-ritning används som underlag för prototypframtagning då denna skickas till tillverkare för utvärdering.På grund av möjlig patent ansökan beskrivs inte exakta resultat, men utförliga beskrivningar av tillvägagångssätt och metoder framställs..

The aim of the study is to examine ideas surrounding copyright law and related rights appearing in the referral statements that the participants of the library sphere gave to the department writ Ds 2003:35. These ideas reflect the positions the library sphere take regarding issues surrounding the copyright law and related rights. The department writ was preceded by a directive from the European Union; Directive 2001/29/EC of the European parliament and of the council of 22 may 2001 on the harmonization of certain aspects of copyright and related rights in the information society. The writ Ds 2003:35 was later followed by a proposition from the government which was co-herent with the preceding writ. The empirical material has been analyzed with a starting point in the polarizations, artist/audience, private/public and original/copy, presented in PhD Martin Fredriksson?s book Skapandets rätt.