The design regulations of Boverket (BKR) have long been the mandatory standard for construction design in Sweden. However from the end of the year 2010, the BKR will be replaced by the European standard Eurocode (EC). The transition to EC has been delayed and it is not until the second of May 2011 that the use of EC will be mandatory. Because EC and BKR differ from each other it is highly interesting to investigate and explain these differences.The purpose of the thesis is to compare the two standards and investigate how they give different results or not for the dimensioning of structures of steel with associated loads. The current project HVC (Pets Science Center) in Uppsala is used as a model for the design of the steel structure used in this study.

AbstractWork to develop the Eurocodes started in 1975 by the European Commission adopted a program to eliminate trade barriers within the construction area. The goal was to create common European design standards that would replace the member countries' own rules. Eurocodes will replace The National Board of Housing Building and Planning, National Rail, The National Road Administration and other agencies' calculation rules for the buildings structures. The transition to the use of Eurocodes looks like this:Eurocodes set to Swedish standards  between 2002 ? 2007They can be used parallel with national standards 2006 - 2009 The total transition is at the end of 2010/2011.Right now is going on a lot of work for replacement of the existing standards to Eurocodes.  The transition to the new calculations` standards, many construction companies and consulting firms facing a big changes and competitions.

In this diploma work the approach of determining the required amount of reinforcement in slabs exposed to pure tension is processed, on behalf of Ramböll Uppsala. It is a well-known problem in the industry that there are uncertainties in the determining of the amount of crack reinforcement, especially for structures exposed to pure tension. Cracking caused during the time of dehydration in concrete slabs is the most common defect according to statistics made by CBI[1], which provides numbers as high as 35 % of all the defects caused on slabs are generated by cracks. Comparisons between Sweden's former national standard BBK 04, Building Regulations for concrete structures due to restrained forces of shrinkage, and the current European standard Eurocode 2 are carried out through theoretical studies and concludes with several examples of calculations. Rigorous calculations of both standards, BBK 04 and Eurocode 2 with application of the national annex in Sweden and Denmark are performed.

AbstractWork to develop the Eurocodes started in 1975 by the European Commission adopted a program to eliminate trade barriers within the construction area. The goal was to create common European design standards that would replace the member countries' own rules. Eurocodes will replace The National Board of Housing Building and Planning, National Rail, The National Road Administration and other agencies' calculation rules for the buildings structures. The transition to the use of Eurocodes looks like this:Eurocodes set to Swedish standards  between 2002 ? 2007They can be used parallel with national standards 2006 - 2009 The total transition is at the end of 2010/2011.Right now is going on a lot of work for replacement of the existing standards to Eurocodes.  The transition to the new calculations` standards, many construction companies and consulting firms facing a big changes and competitions.

In this diploma work the approach of determining the required amount of reinforcement in slabs exposed to pure tension is processed, on behalf of Ramböll Uppsala. It is a well-known problem in the industry that there are uncertainties in the determining of the amount of crack reinforcement, especially for structures exposed to pure tension. Cracking caused during the time of dehydration in concrete slabs is the most common defect according to statistics made by CBI[1], which provides numbers as high as 35 % of all the defects caused on slabs are generated by cracks. Comparisons between Sweden's former national standard BBK 04, Building Regulations for concrete structures due to restrained forces of shrinkage, and the current European standard Eurocode 2 are carried out through theoretical studies and concludes with several examples of calculations. Rigorous calculations of both standards, BBK 04 and Eurocode 2 with application of the national annex in Sweden and Denmark are performed.

Arbetet redovisar möjligheterna att hänga upp tyngre vattenledningar i en äldre industrilokal där en äldre byggnadsstandard användes vid uppförandet.Ett flertal alternativ har tagits fram och där de mest lämpade har arbetats vidare genom att jämföra fördelar och nackdelar..

Industrial buildings are increasing all over Sweden. Farmers are building new modern facilities and the government chooses to build new halls to invest i youth sports. Glulam is the most common framework but there are limitations because of the transport. Therefore, there is a need to develop new solutions to increase the use of glulam.The maximum torque in the eaves was found in the frame with a roof pitch of 18 degrees and a wingspan of 25 meters. Using hand calculations according to Eurocode and comparison with the computer software StatCon, the maximum torque, shear force and utilization rate is calculated.

AbstractIn the fall of 2003 a project was started in the Swedish building sector that is called BASTA (the building sectors’ termination of especially harmful substances). The project is operated by the building companies NCC, Skanska, PEAB and JM, the Swedish Building Industry and the Swedish Environmental Institute IVL. The purpose of the project is to create a common environmental assessment system for the entire building industry and with the help of this system phase out the use of especially harmful properties from building products.In a large sense BASTA works like this; On the BASTA web site there is a database, to which a supplier can register the company and the company’s products. Only those products with a substance content that fulfil the demands of the BASTA system, is to be registered. As it is the supplier himself that carries out the registration of the company and the company’s products to the system, the BASTA-organisation annually controls that the companies that are registered in the database, fulfils BASTA’s demands.Since NCC is one of the companies that operates BASTA, BASTA is probably going to be the environmental assessment system that is recommended for the company in the future.

AbstractThe assignment were assigned by Camatec Industriteknik AB. Camatec is a Karlstadlocated consulting company, they make everything from pilot studies to complete projects in mechanical design and calculation. They even have their own patented product, Camcoil. It is a winder for steel strips and is used for example with hardening of the steel strip. The assignment has been to solve the problems encountered by some customers within this product.

I dagsläget finns ingen bearbetad beräkningsmodell för fästplåtar enligt Eurokod. Syftet med detta examensarbete är att utforma en fungerande och lättförståelig beräkningsmodell för dessa fästplåtar. Arbetet har begränsats till fästplåtar med fyra och sex förankringar bestående av varmvalsat stål samt armeringsstänger som förankring. Beräkningsmodellen är uppbyggt med hjälp av studier på gamla beräkningar samt nya aspekter som anses vara relevanta som sedan översatts till Eurokod.  Fästplåten har analyserats utifrån normalkraft, tvärkraft och moment samt samverkan mellan dessa krafter. Varje ingående konstruktionsdels kraftkapacitet har kontrollerats och sedan sammanställts till en totalt tillåten kraft.

En samverkanspelare drar nytta av interaktionen mellan det omslutande stålröret och profilens betongkärna för att därav erhålla en ökad lastkapacitet. För att förstå beteendet och effekterna av interaktionen mellan stål och betong är det viktigt att förstå de enskilda materialens beteende. Betongens huvudsakliga uppgift i en samverkanspelare är att ta upp tryckkrafter medan stålets främsta uppgift är att motverka momentpåkänning och uppta dragkrafter. I normal rumstemperatur samverkar stål och betong för att bära den aktuella lasten.Samverkanspelaren har stor potential med avseende på lastkapacitet. Nedan tas några av de förväntade positiva effekterna av interaktionen mellan stål och betong upp:Förekomsten av buckling för stålet försenas samtidigt som den försämrade bärförmågan efter lokal buckling uppstått dämpas, beroende på betongkärnans återhållande effekt.Förhindrar spjälkning och hållfasthetsnedsättningen för betongen blir inte lika drastisk.Ökad tryckhållfasthet och deformations kapacitet, speciellt för grövre tvärsnitt.Vid ett brandscenario utsätts pelaren för en temperaturhöjning.

I detta arbete kommer ett antal speciellt utformade ingjutningsplåtar som används vid anslutning mellan plattbärlag i Abetongs prefabricerade element att analyseras och beräknas vid normal och tvärkraft utifrån gällande normer i Eurokoden. Från och med den första januari 2011 ersätts Boverkets Konstruktionsregler av Eurokoderna vilket innebär att man i dagsläget saknar värden på dessa ingjutningsplåtar hos Abetong. Så för att kunna använda dessa plåtar i sin tillverkning krävs det att de beräknas efter den nya standarden.Genom att beskriva plåtarna utifrån en interaktionsformel för samtidig normal och tvärkraft kan interaktionsdiagram ritas ut för att sedan snabbt kunna avläsas av konstruktör som då får ut ett värde på maximal tvärkraft utifrån antagen normalkraft eller vice versa. Som hjälpmedel för att genomföra detta kommer ett Excel-program skrivas som kan rita ut graferna för varje ingjutningsplåt.Arbetet har avgränsats till att endast titta på stålets egenskaper vilket innebär att eventuella begränsningar hos betongen eller hos kraftöverföringen mellan betongen och armeringen ej kommer att analyseras..

Steel is an excellent material to build with, but consideration must be given to the fact that unprotected steel corrodes, rusts, therefore, as a rule, the steel must be protected in some way. This can be done by reducing the tendency of the steel to corrode by using stainless steel or by treating the steel with a protection method. The two most common methods of protection are corrosion protection paint and zinc coating. To determine the method, the corrosive category must first be evaluated and this is done in accordance to EN ISO 12944-2:1998.Stainless steel is available in many varieties but only some of them have properties that make them suitable for use as construction steels. There are many factors to be considered in the design of stainless steel to prevent corrosion from occurring.

Lättelement located in Örnskoldsvik AB is one of Sweden's leading companies in the development of building elements in the form of roofs, walls and floors made ??out of light beams. The company has clients from Lund to Kiruna, and from Norway. This means that the elements have high standards when they have to take many different loads from wind and snow due to such wide geographic variation.The roof elements are structured so that the main body is made of light beams with an I?profile.

The purpose of this paper is to standardize and simplify the design work on a few specific types of storage brackets for balconies. The company Balco AB had the wish to simplify the design work in the preparation of attachments to their balcony structures. This would be done by a calculation matrix that could be produced which then in turn could be used for each new project by the company. The design work behind the development of these fittings at each new project is costly both in terms of time devoted by each calculation but also the cost of the time. The purpose of this report is that in a systematic manner, a calculation matrix can be created that then the company instead may follow from each new project.In carrying out the project used HILTI calculation program, which was provided by the company HILTI.