AbstractBackground: Plantar fasciitis is the most common heel injury and is a long-term pain syndrom in the attachment of the plantar fascia to the calcaneus bone. The condition is treated mainly in primary care, but there is currently no treatment guideline for the treatment of plantar fasciitis in Sweden. The purpose of this study was to investigate which treatment that occurred in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, which treatments that were most common alone and in combination with each other. The aim was also to investigate if the four most commonly used treatment methods as physical therapists said they had used were supported in the literature, and if there was any difference between county employees and private physical therapists in the choice of treatment method.Method: 100 physiotherapists in primary care in Dalarna, Gävleborg and Västmanland counties, received a questionnaire by mail. 80 of the 100 physiotherapists were county employees and 20 were private employees.

This paper examines the existence of two different discourses on the causes of the wars in former Yugoslavia 1991-1995 in the editorial pages in Swedish newspapers. One discourse is titled "ancient hatreds" and explains the wars as a result of old historical ethnic conflicts typical of the "Balkans" and the second discourse, "poor political leadership," explains the wars as a result of deliberately conducted nationalistic policies by political leaders.Parallel to this discourse analysis is a media theory perspective of how news is selected and processed in the newspaper's editorial texts.The paper also examines the link between each discourse and a specific view on the necessity of foreign military intervention in former Yugoslavia.The starting point of the investigation are two high-profile events in 1995 and the impact they made in the 29 editorial texts in the metropolitan newspapers that were studied.The paper shows that none of the discourses clearly dominated in these editorial texts and that a clear link between a certain discourse and the advocated measure in the form of foreign intervention couldn´t be established in the material as a whole. However, the four texts that clearly belonged to the "ancient hatreds" discourse were all in favour of foreign military intervention.The essay concludes that there is evidence of a medial feedback which means that the news to a high degree influences what is discussed in the editorials and that the evaluation and selection of news, is similar in all the studied newspapers..

In this thesis I discuss about economical and political transition in countries that is consecutively being induced by influential external actors. Looking closer on the role of the EU as a dynamic transitional force, with the intention of examining to what extent the EU can pursuit its interest and modify the economical as well as the political structures of transition countries. With relations to four transition states on the Western Balkans, more precise Bosnia-Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia-Montenegro and Macedonia (FYROM), I have examined the influential position of the EU. Another feature that is discussed is the approach of the EU and the cause of it in respect to the Western Balkans. Since the end of the crises in Kosovo the EU was given the leading roll in stabilizing and reconstructing the Western Balkans.

Diabetes Mellitus är en vanlig kronisk sjukdom med 350 000 patienter i Sverige och sjukdomen ökar hela tiden i förekomst. Diabetes handlar om förhöjda blodsockernivåer och finns i två typer, typ I och typ II som skiljer sig något åt i orsak och medicinsk behandling. Gemensamt för de båda är att egenvård kring kost, motion och medicinering är av stor betydelse för att hålla blodsockret i schack för att undvika risken för komplikationer. Forskning visar att patienter ofta har bristande följsamhet när det gäller kosten. Syftet med den här studien är att utifrån ett patientperspektiv beskriva tänkbara faktorer till att diabetespatienter inte följer de kostrestriktioner som rekommenderas.

This study examines if the prediction of cardiovascular disease in hypertensive patients can be improved upon when renal function and microalbuminuria are added to the classical risk factors The predictive capability of a model is measured by discrimination, calibration, reclassification and Harrell's C.The results are ambigious. In most cases, microalbuminuria should be included in the model, but the results regarding the other measures of renal function are varied. Therefore, the selection of risk factors to include in the model depends on which measure of prediction one prioritizes..

During a long period of time, rental doctors have created a vast debate in Sweden. Currently, there is a shortage of doctors working in Sweden and to guarantee the lawful right to healthcare of high quality the counties must hire doctors through employment agencies. There are different opinions about rental doctors, some thinks the temporary employment results in a negative work environment and furthermore puts the patients at risk. Other people consider the Swedish healthcare to not function without rental doctors.  The purpose of this essay is to investigate rental doctors through a legal perspective and how temporary employment actually affects the patients? security and the work environment in Sweden?s healthcare.

This study examines imagined boundaries between Swedes and non-Swedes. Rather than using pre-determined definitions as a starting point, the attempt is to examine the discursive construction of difference. The purpose is not to study the portrayal of immigrants per se but to examine how the ?immigrant-ness? is constructed. The result shows the perception of ?immigrant-ness? is linked more to a person?s origin than to the act of immigration itself. The selected newspapers are Dagens Nyheter (DN) and Svenska Dagbladet (SvD) for the period of 15th November ? 21st November, 1999.

The study seeks to investigate and understand how individuals create their identity from the perspective of two countries and cultures, and how these affect their current lives today. The focus of the study is aimed at young adults who have mostly or entirely grown up in Sweden to parents that have migrated. The material is based on seven qualitative, semi-structured interviews. The result is then divided into three themes; ethnic and cultural belonging, life impact, and the preservation and passing on of culture. The derivation of the first theme is that there are mixed views regarding the cultural association of the persons interviewed.

This essay examines the historical development of group rights for cultural minorities in Sweden between the years 1970 and 2010. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of political measures taken at government level for different minority groups, foremost explaining the division that have arisen between measures aimed at the five national minorities, the Sámi, the Swedish Finns, the Roma, the Jews and the Tornedalians, and measures directed at other ethnic groups.My conclusions are that the division in Swedish public policy between one the one hand national minorities, and on the other hand immigrant groups, is in no way self-evident. The division has arisen from an international standard on how democratic states, such as Sweden, should treat their cultural minorities. Further, this division has had an immense impact in shaping public policy as well as determining the type of group rights introduced for minority groups in Sweden.A difference has also been found in how the minorities are perceived by state actors. Immigrant groups are currently perceived as less entitled to group rights due to their short presence in Sweden, whereas national minorities are seen as more entitled to group rights due to their long historic presence in the country.

Purpose- The purpose of this project is to contribute to the knowledge of creating customer value through streamlining and coordination of patient flows for children and youth with frequent need of care on child and youth medical clinics.Method- One of the methods used for achieving the project's purpose is a case study on the Child and Youth Medicine Clinic at Länssjukhuset Ryhov in Jönköping. The case study has been used for collecting the empirical data that has been generated through interviews, observations and documents from the Child and Youth Health Clinic. Except the case study the authors also made studies in literature, which the collected empirical data has been anchored and related to. Together this led to the project's analysis and results.Results- When investigating the questions found in chapter one, it was determined standardized work is of great importance to create structure and implement procedures for the patient flows. A weak link in the patient flow has been identified, which is the sub-process coordination and planning.

Stroke är en av vårt lands vanligaste folksjukdom och sjukdomen drabbar den enskilde personen i olika grad. Sjukdomen kan innebära livslångt handikapp för den som drabbas. ADL-träning som utförs hjälper patienten att få tillbaka en del av den förmåga som förlorats genom sjukdomen och därigenom få livskvalitet. Syftet med denna studie var att undersöka hur inneliggande strokepatienters ADLträning såg ut. Frågeställningarna var: Vad var planerat i varje patients ADLträning, vilken ADL-träning fick respektive patient och vilken personal var behjälplig. Studien utgjordes av observationer under en och en halv vecka på en vårdavdelning i södra Sverige. Resultatet visar att strokepatienternas mål klarades att uppfyllas med hjälp av kontinuerlig rehabilitering..

The aim of this study was to investigate how maternity and child care was carried out at Regional Hospital in Morogoro, Tanzania as well as how it was perceived by mothers and children. The study was conducted with a qualitative method through observation and interviews. The results of the study showed that the staff knew what they were doing and how they should treat their patients and that they helped them without thinking about preventive measures. The study concluded that people wanted to seek the care provided at the hospital and some people stated that they had confidence in the staff. The people that came to the hospital sought care for various diseases and conditions and they all got medical attention of some sort.

Background: Every patient and each situation is unique. Therefore the nurse has to act in a flexible intervention and still keep an ethical perspective. Aim: The aim of this studie was to illuminate nurses? different aspects of decision making in emergency situations. Method: The result is based on nine scientific articles.

The underlying purpose of this study is to investigate how the libraries in Sweden organize and administrate the service of providing literature in other languages than Swedish. The study focuses on the central guiding principles that regulate the provision of multilingual literature and how these guidelines are implemented in to practice at the libraries. As the guidelines are closely connected to the official discourse in Sweden concerning policies targeted towards immigrants, the guidelines will be examined from a perspective of integration politics. To assemble data a survey has been conducted looking into factors such as how the libraries perceive the guidelines, how the libraries do business intelligence and user inquires to reach out to the users of the multilingual media, forms for statistics and method of working. The results points out that the libraries in their work with multilingual media are confronted with three tensions; the first tension is that between the libraries aim to promote equality and freedom for the individual and at the same time to fulfil certain collective interests and goals.

Thousands of people all over the world suffer from injuries that temporary affects their ability to speak or inother ways communicate. A very common procedure for persons that suffer from some kind of breathingproblem in the higher parts of the neck is called tracheotomy. This prevents the patient from speaking whenno air passes the vocal cords. There have been many studies done to understand how these patientsexperience this period. The results are consistent, the patients often feel fear, frustration and worries aboutthe future.Tobii Technology develops a technique called eyetracking wich enables persons to control a computer with theeyes.