Logistics is an important concept in the organizational context in which the planning of flows, services and products are treated. Logistics handles supplier management, supply of materials, production and distribution. The distribution of goods can be managed with different types of transportation depending on price and time aspects. The lowest transport cost for larger amount of goods is by maritime shipping. A common carrier used in transportation of goods is a standardized ISO- container.

Fusarium head blight is a large problem world wide which reduces the yields and the quality of small grains. Shrunken kernels with decreased thousand kernel weight as an effect and pro-duction of mycotoxins are some of the problems caused by infection of Fusarium spp. To avoid toxin contaminated bulks to enter the food and feed chain it is important to have tools for prediction and analysis of the fungi and toxins. Good prediction methods are also impor-tant in the breeding industry since early identification in trials of lines with high resistance or susceptibility simplify the work. To compare different techniques for these objectives this project was initiated.

BIOGAS POTENTIAL IN GRASSES FROM WETLANDSMarvin MartinsThe purpose of this study has been to survey wetlands that are suitable for mowing and to analyze the biogas potential in the harvested grasses. A preformed investigation showed that there are suitable wetlands, which can be harvestable, namely those mowed formerly in traditional haymaking. The practice of traditional haymaking is dying out in Sweden today but there are several good reasons why it should to be reconsidered. Nature- and cultural values are obvious, also the unutilized energy in the grass.The suitable types of wetland that were specifically studied were the productive wetlands; meadow marshes and wet meadows. These wetlands are represented in the Swedish meadow- and pasture inventory database; (TUVA) and the Swedish national wetland inventory (VMI).

Tillverkning mot kundorder kräver oftast att hålla ett förrådslager med råmaterial. Ökade kundkrav på korta leveranstider kräver att material skall finnas tillgängligt i lager. Detta ger upphov till ökade lager hos ett företag som i sin tur gör att de binder mer kapital och samtidigt leder till en sämre av­kastning. För att undvika att hålla för stora förrådslager men samtidigt hålla en god servicenivå krävs en effektiv lagerstyrning.Syftet med detta projekt är att ta reda på hur efterfrågan ser ut hos företaget i dagsläget samt kunna ta fram en lämplig prognosmetod och beräkningsmodell mot en viss takt för lagerstyrningen. Prognos­metoderna skall vara ett underlag för inköp vid beställning av material.

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) is the causative agent of a complex of disease syndromes in cattle with high economical and welfare impacts. BVDV occurs as two biotypes; cytopathic (BVDVcp) and noncytopathic (BVDVncp) determined by differential effects on cultured cells and can also be divided into two genotypes (BVDV1 and BVDV2) on the basis of genomic diversity. The interaction between BVDV and the host?s immune system is regarded a key aspect in the sequel of BVDV infection. Infection with BVDV normally causes an acute transient infection, with mild to subclinical signs, but occasionally results in severe and even fatal disease.

The purpose of this study is to present populism as a political phenomenon and to impose focus on the rightwing populist parties that are active in Scandinavia. This essay begins with a presentation of the three rightwing political parties in Scandinavia. The rightwing populist parties have successfully developed their rhetoric and effectively influenced the political establishment in Sweden, Norway and Denmark. The parties that the essay focuses on are theSwedish democrats (SD), the Norwegian Progress party (FRP) and the Danish People`s party (DF). These parties are interesting in the sense that they share many opinions and are active in comparable political atmospheres, but also that they use approximately the same rightwing populist rhetoric as a way of exerting leverage on political policy.The theoretical segment is constructed on a descriptive historical background of populisms three different phases.

Bakgrund och problembeskrivning: Nutida leverant?rskedjor som str?cker sig ?ver flera l?nder och industrier, har blivit alltmer komplexa och kr?ver integrering av ekologiska och sociala ?verv?ganden. En viktig aspekt vid den integreringen ?r transparent kommunikation av h?llbarhetsinsatser och prestanda, vilket ?r avg?rande f?r f?retags ?verlevnad. Teknologiska innovationer som blockchain-tekniken utforskas som potentiella l?sningar f?r att f?rb?ttra sp?rbarhet och transparens i leverant?rskedjor, vilket kan m?ta intressenternas krav samt gynna f?retaget och samh?llet i stort. Syfte: Studien unders?ker implementeringen av blockchain-tekniken i ett livsmedelsf?retags leverant?rskedja med fokus p? sp?rbarhet och transparens f?r h?llbarhetskommunikation. Genom att identifiera och utv?rdera dess potential syftar studien till att ge insikter om blockchain-teknikens roll i h?llbarhetskommunikation mellan olika akt?rer, inklusive konsumenter, i leverant?rskedjan. Metod: Uppsatsens forskningsdesign och metod ?r av kvalitativ karakt?r. I denna studie har empirisk data samlats in fr?n ?rsrapporter, webbsidor och pressreleaser.

We live in an exciting society, characterized by continuous changes and challenges. The effects of the globalization are widespread. The continuous flow of people, capital and goods follows in the wake of advances in communications, transport and information technology, resulting in a changed situation for different stakeholders in the society. This situation leads to increased cooperation and exchange, but also increased competition. The primary means of collecting empirical data for this study was interviews and a document study.

Fusarium head blight is a large problem world wide which reduces the yields and the quality of small grains. Shrunken kernels with decreased thousand kernel weight as an effect and pro-duction of mycotoxins are some of the problems caused by infection of Fusarium spp. To avoid toxin contaminated bulks to enter the food and feed chain it is important to have tools for prediction and analysis of the fungi and toxins. Good prediction methods are also impor-tant in the breeding industry since early identification in trials of lines with high resistance or susceptibility simplify the work. To compare different techniques for these objectives this project was initiated.

Given that the end-customer has become more demanding, the retailer has to deliver products according to the market demands, which have forced manufacturing companies to constantly search for new opportunities to reduce costs and improve efficiency. It is, therefore important to choose suppliers that are able to compete with the market demands.The market demands in the textile industry have lead to shorter product life cycles, which have caused manufacturers to deliver flexibility with high technology to compete successfully on the global market. To achieve the market requirements the underlying factor is to be aware and optimally use and control time. New technology can have a major influence in the production development, if the company choose to take benefit of the advantages, by optimal allocation of the internal resources the productivity and efficiency will increase, to accomplish a competitive advantage. One way to achieve this is by investing in a Unit Production System.In our thesis we have questioned what the main driving forces for an apparel manufacturing company is when it chooses to invest in new technology.

Fördelarna med skogssådd är bland annat att de kan ge stamtäta bestånd med potential att producera träd med bra vedegenskaper och bättre utvecklade rotsystem samt att sådder har en högre biomassaproduktion per ytenhet jämfört med planteringar. Nackdelar som kan nämnas är att de ofta täta förbanden ger ökade kostnader vid eventuella röjningar och att föryngringsresultatet är mera osäkert för sådd än för plantering.Mekaniseringen av skogssådden startade under 1970-talet. Humax och KSM är två kranspetsmonterade aggregat för skogssådd. De har utvecklats för att användas på marker med svår ytstruktur där dragna såddaggregat som harv och högläggare har svårigheter att skapa tillräckligt mycket lämplig såddbädd på grund av att aggregatet inte kommer ner mellan hindren eller att basmaskinen inte klarat av att köra över hela arealen. Fördelen med KSM och Humax är att aggregaten är kranspetsmonterade vilket gör att föraren väljer var aggregatet skall markbereda och på det viset kan markberedningen göras mellan hindren samt att kranarmens räckvidd gör att basmaskinen inte behöver köra över hela arealen som skall markberedas.

Transportation of oil and gas by the Sea characterizes challenges from a safety viewpoint. In this type of transportation, different sizes of special tankers carrying oil and gas. The marine transportation of these scarce natural riches is involved with risks and hazards, which may lead to many losses; for instance, wasting oil and gas, injuries of people, damaging ships and properties, and damaging environment. The main purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the risks, hazards, and accidents during transportation of oil and gas (mainly Crude Oil, liquefied petroleum gas, and Liquefied natural gas) by the Sea with concentrating on transport safety. Hence, a better understanding of these risks and hazards can contribute to decrease of addressed losses.This study is carried out on risks associated with maritime transportation of oil and gas starting with describing the general casual chain (dealing with causes, incidents, accidents and consequences/causalities), continuing with describing risk analysis techniques (including event tree analysis and fault tree analysis) and risk control measures/options, and finally implementing aforesaid investigations on real data from two areas; namely UK territorial waters and the Baltic Sea.In this study, the results of analyzing data from 1991 to 2010 in UK territorial waters revealed that collision and grounding were two most common accidents in terms of crude oil tankers, LPG and LNG carriers in which 44% of all accidents were equally divided between collision and grounding.

Bakgrund: Inom ett byggprojekt är det många aktörer inblandade vilket gör kedjan mycketkomplex. Det finns flertalet logistiska strategier som har till syfte att förbättra logistiken. Enav dessa strategier är Lean vars huvudsyfte är att skapa värdeökande aktiviteter för sinakunder. Under de senaste åren har Building Information Modelling (BIM) blivit allt mer känt.Det är ett informationssystem och en arbetsprocess som har till syfte att bryta ned ettbyggprojekts processer för att skapa ett högre värde för kunden. BIM är ett verktyg som ritar3D-modeller och innehåller information om varje objekt.

Den internationella rätten utgörs av mellanstatliga samarbeten mellan suveräna stater på olika områden. De suveräna staterna har exklusiv behörighet att lagstifta inom sina territorier och således har ingen annan stat rätt att stifta lagar som blir gällande på en annans stats territorium. Denna exklusiva rätt till självbestämmande benämns territorialitetsprincipen. På den internationella skatterättens område innebär territorialitetsprincipen att en stat har rätt att beskatta all inkomst som har ett samband med den staten. Detta görs genom att obegränsat skattskyldiga beskattas för all sin inkomst oavsett var den uppstått och begränsat skattskyldiga beskattas endast för den inkomst som uppkommit i den staten.Då en självständig stat överlämnar en del av sin suveränitet till ett sådant internationellt samarbete som till exempel EG utgör, splittras det i internationell rätt vedertagna territorialitetsbegreppet eftersom den exklusiva lagstiftningskompetensen i viss mån måste delas med EG: s lagstiftande makt.

We live in an exciting society, characterized by continuous changes and challenges. The effects of the globalization are widespread. The continuous flow of people, capital and goods follows in the wake of advances in communications, transport and information technology, resulting in a changed situation for different stakeholders in the society. This situation leads to increased cooperation and exchange, but also increased competition. The primary means of collecting empirical data for this study was interviews and a document study.