Denna uppsats handlar om hur den särskilda tillåtlighetsregeln i 11 kap. 6 § miljöbalken tillämpas vid tillståndsprövning av vattenverksamheter. Av paragrafen följer att en vattenverksamhet endast får bedrivas om den samlade nyttan av verksamheten överväger de kostnader samt skador och olägenheter som verksamheten medför. Syftet med paragrafen är att hindra vattenverksamheter som inte är samhällsekonomiskt motiverade samt utgöra ett extra skydd för miljön utöver miljöbalkens generella miljökrav.Syftet med studien är undersöka hur denna paragraf tillämpas i praktiken ? både i rättspraxis och i ansökningsförfarandet.

According to the Water Framework Directive of the European Union, macrophytes should be used as indicators in the ecological and environmental monitoring of lakes. In the member state Sweden the Environmental Protection Agency has elaborated assessment criteria for determining lake status based on macrophytes. The main focus of this thesis is to evaluate the efficiency of the assessment criteria for macrophytes. In addition the concordance between the ecological status classes of the four quality factors included was analysed.The assessment criteria for macrophytes are based on the total phosphorus preference of the respective species. The focus is thus mainly on the nutrient level of the investigated lakes and the environmental problem monitored is eutrophication.

Religious phenomena, such as prayer, have more or less always interested and engaged people, but most likely for different purposes. Since the early 20th century, starting notably with Edmund Husserl and especially Martin Heidegger, phenomenologists have taken an interest in understanding and expounding the meaning of religious phenomena. The attention of such a discourse have not ceased but is rather current, and also of importance seeing that religious themes, such as prayer, still occupy a great extent of human life and practice.Phenomenology of religion is not a science of religion: the former approaches religion in terms of its meaningfulness, whereas the latter as an object of inquiry and in the same manner as an economist approaches economical indicators in order to understand and explain how the whole economy functions. In other words, phenomenology of religion expounds religion, as it were, from within, while science of religion does it from without or externally.When approaching prayer phenomenologically, it shows itself to be a process or structure through which the one praying empty himself in order to be able to receive the valuable presence of the other. The value that is received from the other will also be reflected by the one praying and in that sense effect his surroundings and fellow humans..

Sammanfattning Syftet med uppsatsen är att utreda de två begreppen inom skadeståndsrätt: uppsåt och oaktsamhet. Om författningar och andra föreskrifter inte ger ett tydligt svar huruvida en handling skall anses uppsåtlig eller vårdslös, gör domstolar en fri bedömning. Denna uppsats redogör för gällande praxis. Uppsatsen analyserar i mindre utsträckning hur de två begreppen tillämpas inom försäkringsrättsliga och straffrättsliga sammanhang. Enligt ny försäkringsavtalslag som gäller sedan 2005 försvinner begreppet grov vårdslöshet.

Det började faktiskt redan hösten 2004, när jag satt och arbetade med ett av de otaliga projekt man gör under sin skolgång. Projektet gick ut på att skapa en hemsida med en digital katalog, och voilá, där föddes idén. Sedan fortsatte jag att fundera, vända och vrida på idén, ett system för att skapa digitala kataloger och mindre presentationer som vemsomhelst skulle kunna använda. Just detta att inte exkludera de som inte kan ?Flash? från de som skall kunna redigera systemet har varit en av mina stora grundpelare, ett slags digital demokratitanke. För att skapa systemet har jag använt ?Macromedia Flash MX? och dess inbyggda programmeringsspråk ?ActionScript?. Programmeringsspråket är inte ursprungligen tänkt att användas för att göra system, men jag tycker personligen att jag lyckats bevisa att det fungerar även för det ändamålet.

This study is a degree project in environmental engineering at Mälardalens university. Its purpose has been to perform a risk assessment on whether or not any contaminations are present in the soil at two properties in Köping. The assessment was to be done accordingly to a method that has been set up by The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency (Naturvårdsverket). The method for investigation of contaminated sites is called MIFO. MIFO consists of two stages.

Physical activity is required for a good health and science shows a clear connection between exercise and a lower risk for disease. Still, the physical activity among the population is far from good. It is the individuals own responsibility to exercise, but the society also has a responsibility to give opportunities to exercise for the population. The aim with the study was to investigate what motivated the group of physical active people to use the Central hospital in Kristianstad?s health program.

The capacity to extract information from vehicles has the potential to be very beneficial. Performing analysis on information about fuel usage, emission values and other driving properties of a vehicle can lead to great economic and environmental benefits.This report contains descriptions of two prominent systems for retrieving information of this nature from a vehicle, On-Board Diagnostics and FMS-Standard, and of an implementation of FMS-Standard.The conclusion drawn after this investigation is that these systems do indeed offer access to the benefits mentioned earlier, although to varying degrees and with differing prioritisation..

1 januari 2010 träder förordning 2009:907 i kraft. Denna förordning medför krav på svenska statliga myndigheter att införa ett miljöledningssystem (MLS). Med anledning av detta avser denna studie att utifrån förutsättningar som ligger till grund för en lyckad integrering av MLS bedöma hur Uppsala universitet på bästa sätt kan möta dessa krav. Efter genomgång av litteratur har fyra faktorer som anses vara betydande för integreringsprocessen valts ut. Dessa är; anpassning av MLS till andra ledningssystem, ansvarsfördelning, kommunikation samt utbildning och kompetens.

Abstract One of the essential conditions of the co-operating within the EU is that homogeneous conditions of competition prevail within the entire common market. The competition policy in the EU should guarantee that the competition is not distorted in a way that would prevent or create difficulties for the free mobility of goods and services between the member countries. The policy of competition should also guarantee that no new protectionistic obstacles will be formed, regardless of if it is being done by actions taken by member countries or as a result of actions taken by companies in order to set limits to the competition. Companies putting to an abuse their dominant position on the common market, or on a substantial part of it, is irreconcilable with the idea of the common market in case it could interfere with the trading between member countries, and is thus prohibited. The purpose of this dissertation is to describe the collective dominance from the view of the commission's interpretation of the practice of article 82 in the EG - treaty.

Companies become more and more aware of the added values of the packaging. A well chosen and developed packaging can reduce the costs for the companies through reduced costs for transports, reduced quantity of waste and discards and increased goodwill for example. The companies? costs for salaries can also be reduced due to the increased packaging handling efficiency and the reduced costs for sick leave, reduced work capacity and rehabilitation etc. that can arise when handling poorly developed products and packaging.

Food waste from grocery stores - An analysis of municipal management inSweden and a detailed study of the situation in Umeå municipalityThe objective of this thesis was to analyze the municipal management of food waste fromgrocery stores in Sweden in general and in Umeå municipality in particular. Furthermore theobjective was to account for the different waste treatment methods that can be used and toevaluate them from an environmental perspective. In order to analyze the municipalmanagement a survey was sent to all of the municipalities/municipal waste companies inSweden. A general comparison of treatment methods was carried out on the basis of ascientific review and a system analysis was performed in order to compare three differenttreatment alternatives for the food waste generated in grocery stores in Umeå. The surveyshowed that the legal definition of food waste from grocery stores is unclear and variesbetween municipalities.

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Background: Examinations with the intent to assess neurological functions and level of conciousness are common in neurocritical care, but the effect on the patient is not entirely researched.Aim: The purpose of this study was to describe the patient?s situation at the neurological wake-up test concerning the environment, nursing interventions and the possibility given the patient to become awake, and if these conditions affect the outcome of the wake-up test.Methods: A quantitative observational study took place at a neurocritical care unit, where 20 patients were observed from interruption of sedation to the neurological assessment, which was performed by a neurosurgeon or a specialized critical care registered nurse. Nursing interventions, environmental factors and physiological parameters were documented.Result: Twelve intervention varieties to control patients? physiological parameters were used. CPP > 80 mmHg was found in 90 % of observations.

The legal courts in Sweden have developed a case law wherein the application criteria for being eligible to acquire unemployment insurance have become strict and rigid. This is in particular true when it comes to professional athletes who cannot make a living on their athlete wage. It is the 9th to 11th section of the Swedish Law (1998:238) on Unemployment Insurance that set the determinants for who of the unemployed is to be considered as being of disposal to the labour market. The strict and extensive interpretation of the relevant sections has been based upon a literal reading of the relevant preparatory works to the law in question. A substantial amount of relevant cases as well as preparatory works have been examined to investigate whether there is a need for revising this case law.