The nitrogen cycle in freshwater bodies is complex and consists of many separate processes affected by a number of important factors for example oxygen concentration in the water, temperature and circulation. Knowledge of the different components of the nitrogen cycle exists; however, a complete and comprehensive picture is difficult conceptually as well as theoretically. The available literature illustrates that the research on nitrogen and the related freshwater processes is still associated with high uncertainty of how much of the supplied nitrogen from the catchment is transported with the water versus and how much is lost due to denitrification, sedimentation or uptake by plants. This report is an interdisciplinary survey of Nitrogen discharge permitting. The research focuses in particular on the decision-making process, the levels of scientific standard and the administrative framework.Application for Nitrogen discharge permits are decided by the Environmental Court with council from their own experts as well as relevant government authorities and organisations.

During the past few years an increased attention has been paid to environmental issues in the construction and property sector in Sweden. In order to simplify the work with these issues a Swedish environmental certification system for buildings called Miljöbyggnad has been developed. This thesis aims to investigate the opinion of a selected number of selected property owners of Miljöbyggnad. From that basis recommendations and actions for the future work with the system will be presented.The investigation has been conducted through personal interviews with five property owners. The main issues that the interviews have been based on are their purpose, experiences, perceived complications and future prospects in terms of certification using Miljöbyggnad.The system intends to be cost-effective, simple and to offer a relevant environmental assessment of buildings and the result from the report indicates that this is largely fulfilled.

The thesis addresses the issue of when a bankruptcy estate, under environmental law, is responsible for the debtor?s environmentally hazardous activities. A fundamental principle of insolvency law is that the bankruptcy estate is not responsible for the debtor?s prior obligations. The environmental legal rules do not distinguish whether an injunction liability is directed against a bankruptcy estate or another operator.

The aim of our study was to increase the awareness of the importance of implementation when a policy document is widely introduced. We wanted to examine how a political decision was implemented on different levels in a social care administration. We also wanted to examine the discretion related to the decision on different levels in the organisation, and if the work is followed up. The theoretical frame of reference in our study is Vedung?s implementation model and Lipsky?s theory about street-level bureaucrats.

Society?s interest for environmental issues was reinforced in the 1960:s when the book by Rachel Carson, ?Silent Spring?, came out. She described a picture of a world without birds singing and this got the environmental debate going. Today, this debate has reached the corporate world since stakeholders are putting pressure on companies to show greater environmental awareness. Many companies show uncertainty when they are faced with these new market demands.

Syfte - Syftet med studien är att presentera exempel på vad integration kan innebära för människor som har olika perspektiv (stadsdelsförvaltare, projektledare och målgruppen) på integrationsåtgärder i betydelsen att det antingen arbetar med integrationsåtgärder eller utgör målgrupp för åtgärderna. Målet med uppsatsen är att belysa problemet kring begreppet integration i utvalda stadsdelar (Rosengård, Fosie och Södra Innerstaden) med utgångspunkt i arbete och utbildning. Metod - I vår C-uppsats har vi valt en forskningsstrategi med kvalitativ och induktiv inriktning bestående av fallstudier som forskningsdesign. Med kvalitativ och induktiv inriktning menar vi att vi har lagt stor fokus på ord vid insamling av data och analys, samt att vi har genererat teorier utifrån vårt forskningsresultat. Våra data har gått ut på både öppna och semistrukturerade intervjuer baserad på en intervjuguide. Resultat - Studiens resultat visar att integration tolkas olika beroende på var man befinner sig i och vilken position man har i samhället. I vår undersökning bland våra respondenter som jobbade som stadsförvaltare respektive projektledare, tolkades begreppet integration på ett likvärdigt sätt.

Today, Sweden is to be regarded as a country formed by the influences and effects of immigration. The government is considering integration as a process aimed to influent all forms of welfare politics and as a project working both at an individual and at a social level. The aims of integration policies are to guarantee equal rights and opportunities, to form a public community characterized by diversity, and to mobilize all citizens to participate in and to be jointly responsible for a social development characterized by mutual respect and tolerance. During the Swedish election campaign of 2002, integration policies became one of the most reported and discussed political questions in the media. The aim of this essay is to study and analyze discursive statements on integration policies made by politicians during this election campaign.

The purpose of this report was to investigate how the Umeå School of Business and Economics at Umeå university can work to increase the share of courses and programmes that discuss sustainable development. Furthermore the purpose was to develop an action plan that can be used to increase that share. Methods used were a questionnaire directed towards the educators at the Umeå School of Business and Economics and an assessment of the content of courses and programmes connected to the Umeå School of Business and Economics. There was no clear structured way of working with education for sustainable development, but at the same time there was a will to integrate sustainable development in the education. Curricula were according to the educators an important tool to achieve this integration, their experience were that there are not enough time, people and money to work with sustainable development in the education and they would like to see more clear directions from the management.

This thesis is a comparative analysis of language policy in the Post-Soviet states Ukraine and Kazakhstan, wherein the states are seen as rational actors using language as an instrument in the nation-building process. With a take-off point in an underframe of theories on the nation, national identity, instrumentalism, power and the particular role of language in the nation-building process, this thesis shows that language is a key instrument used by the two states.The Ukrainian and Kazakhian language policies create and put across a certain image of the nation, by emphasising the titular languages as symbols of the new states. The line of argument in the language policy is a balance act between large-scale promotion of titular languages and a careful and inclusive attitude towards the Russian language. The biggest differences are that Ukraine, compared to Kazakhstan, has a more comprehensive and consequent language policy with a deeply rooted historic rhetoric. The most obvious instruments of the states in language policy is censuses, corpus-planning and the state choosing one official language..

Hur påverkas skapandet och omskapandet av identiteter i en ny kulturell miljö? Vilka faktorer är det som spelar in? I denna antologi har vi grävt djupare i dessa frågor genom att genomföra varsitt fältarbete. Med hjälp av observationer och intervjuer fick vi ta del av människors erfarenheter av att befinna sig i en kulturell minoritet. I uppsatsens första individuella del undersöker Louise Olofsson hur svenskar som väljer att flytta utomlands i vuxen ålder integreras i det nya samhället och hur detta påverkar den identitetsskapande processen. Therése Andersson riktar in sig på hur skönhetsidealen i ett samhälle kan vara en bidragande faktor i integration och identitetsskapande. Vi avslutar med en gemensam diskussion kring sambandet mellan etnicitet, identitet och integration..

The concept of sustainable development is a challenge that demands cooperation from all levels of society for it to be successful. The focus for this thesis is how politicians within the local councils understand the concept of sustainable development and how they implement it in political decision-making.The basis for the study is a questionnaire that was distributed to 303 local politicians in three municipalities of varying size in Southern Sweden. The study concentrates on departments within the local councils that are directly connected to the Swedish environmental law and the Swedish planning and construction law. One of the primary goals with the aforementioned laws is the achievement of sustainable development within one generation.The outcome of the study was that over half of the local politicians could correctly define sustainable development according to the World Commission on Environment and Development?s (WCED) definition.

Syftet med denna uppsats har varit att utifrån ett ledningsperspektiv analysera ett företagsförvärv som betecknats som framgångsrikt för att utröna dels hur det förvärvande företagets motiv och mål bidrog till att förvärvet blev framgångsrikt och dels vilken betydelse de i tidigare forskning identifierade framgångsfaktorerna hade för att förvärvet lyckades. En fallstudie genomfördes för att besvara syftet. I fallstudien genomfördes en granskning av företagsintern information samt två intervjuer. Intervjumallarna konstruerades utifrån den teoretiska referensramen som presenteras i uppsatsen. De empiriska resultaten visade att det förvärvande företagets långsiktiga motiv och mål förenklade integrationen, samt att de identifierade framgångsfaktorerna i olika grad hade betydelse för en lyckad integration.

This Bachelor's thesis examines and describes the ideas and ideological traits surrounding the public library within the governmental cultural policy. The Bachelor's thesis demonstrates how the public library ? even though its relevance in the modern society has shifted over time ? has maintained a connection to the governmental cultural policy and has therefore been shaped by the ideological changes in the political sphere as a whole. The main issues are: Which ideas concerning the public library's functions are expressed in the governmental cultural policy? Which ideological tendencies can be identified in the national cultural policy? Which ideas concerning the public library can be extracted through the found ideological tendencies? The method used in order to study the governmental bill is an ideology analysis based on a framework created by Dorte Skot-Hansen.

Syftet med studien är att analysera effekter av integration på prisskillnader inom mejerisektorn i Europeiska unionen (EU15 ). Studien syftar alltså till att klargöra huruvida antalet år som medlem i EU har påverkat prisutjämningsprocessen samt vilken effekt införandet av den gemensamma valutan, euro, har haft. Undersökningen sker utifrån prisdata på mejeriprodukterna; mjölk, smör, ost och ägg inhämtad från EIU. Priskvoten beräknas och jämförs mellan varje enskilt medlemsland i förhållande till EU12. Härutöver har en multipel regressionsanalys utförts i ekonometriprogrammet Eviews.

Syftet med denna undersökning har varit att titta på hur uppfattningar kring sociala medier ser ut på en mediekoncern i Östergötland samt hur sociala medier används. Vi har även studerat behovet av en policy som kan vägleda användningen av sociala medier och vad denna i så fall bör innehålla. Detta har undersökts genom åtta djupgående intervjuer samt en mindre enkät.Resultatet visar att det råder en positiv syn kring sociala medier men även en viss skepticism. Användningen av sociala medier skiljer sig åt mellan olika verksamhetsområden och organisationskulturen spelar en avgörande roll. Ett dilemma som har framkommit är svårigheten att hantera balansen mellan arbetsliv och privatliv.