Understory vegetation and fungi are regarded as important ecological drivers of processes like productivity and nutrient cycling in boreal forests. Whilst those processes are linked to soil water content, relatively little is known about the sources of soil water for these forest components. During early autumn in boreal forests, temperature falls and large events of rain are frequent which may influence soil water availability. To better understand the autumn plant-soil-fungi water relationships in this ecosystem, I used stable isotopes techniques in this study to examine the water sources for ericaceous shrubs and fungi in a Scots pine forest following a large, early autumn rain event. I hypothesize that ericaceous shrubs of two functional groups (evergreen vs.

Inom nuklearmedicinsk diagnostik används radioaktiva läkemedel för att utvärdera olika organs metabolism och fysiologiska beteende. Genom att använda en scintillationskamera kan strålningen som erhålls när det administrerade läkemedlet sönderfaller i kroppen detekteras och en funktionell bild över aktivitetsfördelningen erhålls. En tredimensionell bildvolym kan erhållas om gammakameran får rotera runt patienten vilket kallas SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Bildernas kvalitet är av stor betydelse för att kunna göra en noggrann bedömning av olika patologiska tillstånd. Kvaliteten begränsas av en mängd faktorer och en av dem är Comptonspridda fotoner.I denna studie optimerades bildkvaliteten för SPECT-undersökningar med 111In-Octreoscan för ett Infinia Hawkeye 4 (GE Healthcare, Wisconsin, USA) SPECT-system vid Norrlands universitetssjukhus (NUS).

The hospital in Varberg has a somewhat outmoded solution regarding the state of preparedness in its water sustentation. Today?s solution is both cause to a number of mishaps and high energy consumption.The report is initiated by looking into the present situation to get an insight to the problem.Today?s media depletion is measured and analyzed.Furthermore, it also looks into some earlier performed studies. These studies are followed up in order to see if measures have been taken.The report presents a number of arrangements which should be taken, amongst those a minor re-build of the current solution and a number of arrangements which leads to decreased water consumption..

Nitrogen deposition leads to environmental damage in areas where the nitrogen deposition is high. Southwest Sweden receives an annual nitrogen deposition of up to 20 kg N/ha. Nitrogen that is not assimilated by the vegetation is accumulated in the soil, which may lead to nitrogen saturation and an elevated risk of nitrogen leaching. Nitrogen leaching from forest areas in southern Sweden has proven to be higher than from agricultural areas, which have been thought to be the main contributors to elevated nitrogen levels in rivers and lakes. The amount of nitrogen that leaches depends on the fraction of the total nitrogen in the soil that consists of nitrate, since nitrate is easily transported through the soil.

A recommendation for stand treatment of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) is, in a scientific point of view, lacking when it comes to harvesting for biomass energy. Within the next decades it is expected that 280 000 hectares of lodgepole pine will have reached thinning age on the domains of Svenska Cellulosa Aktiebolaget (SCA). Due to this the interest has grown rapidly for studying the possibilities of harvesting biofuel assortments already in the first thinning. In this study the distribution of the biomass within lodgepole pine trees has been studied and taken into account for estimating the proportions of harvested assortments when using different methods of thinning. The methods studied were conventional biofuel-harvesting (with delimbed branches gathered separately from the round wood) and thinning with cutting of round wood and long tops (incl.

The current debate about environment and climate change has contributed to more andmore investment in alternative energy sources such as wind, solar and biogas. The Swedish Parliament has set the target that wind power should supply 10 TWh in 2015.In Sweden, wind power establishment began in the early 1980s. Since then the development has gained a tremendous momentum. The purpose of this study was to find out what problems wind power brings and what power relations that exists in connection with wind power establishment and how the landscape is affected by windpower construction, focusing on some cases in Falkenberg and Varberg. This study shows that wind power establishment is a very complicated process.

The presence of cystic ovarian follicles represents an important ovarian dysfunction and is a major cause of reproductive failure in dairy cattle. A cystic ovarian follicle is a persistent follicular-like structure on one or both of the ovaries. It is at least 2,5cm in diameter and it has to persist for at least ten days while a corpus luteum is missing. There are two kinds of cystic ovarian follicles, those who have a progesterone production and those who have not. A clear definition for this condition is lacking, probably because the heterogeneity of the clinical signs and the complexity of the disorder.

The most common way to treat wastewater in Sweden today is by a combination of an activated sludge process and a chemical treatment. These processes are not very energy efficient and may not be the most environmentally friendly. That is why it is interesting to evaluate new alternative methods to see if they can be less harmful to the environment and help to a lower resource consumption. New techniques are tested in a pilot installation at Hammarby Sjöstad, Sjöstadsverket. To be able to evaluate these techniques in a wide perspective system analyses are conducted where different impacts can be considered, advantages and disadvantages in the systems.Five system structures for water treatment have been constructed in Matlab/Simulink in this study.

Obesity is the most common nutritional disorder, and is defined as an accumulation of excessive amounts of adipose tissue in the body. Obesity is a condition where an animal exceeds its optimum body weight by more than 10-25%. Risk factors associated with obesity may include breed, age, castration or high energy intake relative to energy consumption. The consequences of obesity are believed to be metabolic and hormonal changes, as well as cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, orthopedic problems, tumors and premature death. Prevention and early detection of obesity leads to better health care.

This final thesis contains three major parts, which all have been time demanding:* Designing and construction of a small wind turbine.* Designing and construction of an electrical system.* Thesis with fundamental facts about wind, wind power and design.The thesis contains basic theory in wind power and the energy systems it can be combined with. Different types of wind turbines, which components they consists of and important issues to consider when designing is also mentioned. In the end of this report the technique of our wind turbine will be presented. In the end you can also read about our experiences during the time of designing and construction..

This study was a final thesis, for the bachelor program in civil engineering at theUniversity of Uppsala, which was made on behalf of Riksbyggen in Uppsala. Acomparative study of two stain renovation methods; tradition pipe replacement andrelining was done with an environmental perspective. A simplified life cycleassessment (LCA) was done according to the International Organization ofStandardization (ISO) with the LCA tool Eco-indicator 99, in order to be estimate theimpact on the environment. LCA is a method that follows a product or a system?from the cradle to the grave?, which means that all the environmental impact over alifetime is considered.The work was executed by using a stairway with nine apartments in a house called?Uppsala Hus 9? as a reference object, which was provided by Riksbyggen.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases, causing an ascending paralysis that usually kills the patient within a few years from disease onset. The motor neurons show aggregates of proteins which in approximately 20 % of cases of the familial form contain mutated SOD1 protein. Trehalose is a disaccharide which has been shown to reduce protein aggregation and increase viability in cell models and alleviate symptoms in animal models of several neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein aggregation. When given orally to the SOD1G93A mouse model of ALS, trehalose failed to slow down the disease progression, which has led to questions about the uptake and distribution of the molecule in this mouse strain. The aim of this study was to investigate whether significant levels of trehalose reach the central nervous system of the SOD1G93A mouse after oral administration. This was performed by a trehalose assay of the brain of trehalose treated animals. A glucose assay was optimised for use in small samples of brain lysate after the digestion of trehalose into glucose by trehalase, and the difference in glucose concentration before and after digestion represented the trehalose level.

Introduction: Pregnancy, obesity, aging and certain diseases are examples of conditions thataffect the body, its constitution and composition. Simpler methods to estimate bodycomposition are needed to complement more advanced traditional methods to better identifythe health status without sacrificing accuracy and precision.Objective: To validate the results of body composition from bioelectrical impedancespectroscopy (BIS) against results from the study reference method, dual energy X-rayabsorption (DXA), in overweight and obese lactating women after childbirth.Method: The design of the LEVA-study (Lifestyle for Effective Weight loss during lactation)consisted both intervention and longitudinal follow-up, which gave the opportunity tovalidate the absolute values (accuracy) and the ability to detect changes (precision). Themean difference between methods was tested statistically by paired t-test. Bland-Altman plotsused to examine the degree of agreement between BIS and DXA, but also distribution andany systematic differences. Association between methods was measured by using Pearson´scorrelation coefficient.Results: Between BIS and DXA, absolute measurements of the variables fat-free mass (FFM)and fat mass (FM) showed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001).

Omställningen till ett mer hållbart samhälle spelar en betydande roll för att uppnå deEuropeiska mål och klimatavtalen, 20/20/20-målen. Ett av målen anger att andelen förnybarenergi ska öka vilket ställer högre krav på elnätets kvalitét. Framtidens elnät måste blimodernare, att det genom utvecklad styrning och övervakning kan balansera ökadeeffektvariationer och därmed erhålla en ökad stabilitet, så att god samverkan mellan förnybarelproduktion och elanvändning uppnås. Redan i dagsläget finns tekniska lösningar som gördet möjligt att konstruera ett sådant modernt elnät.Projektgruppens uppdragsgivare var Ystad Energi AB som ville undersöka möjligheten attansluta ett batterilager i samband med landanslutningen i Ystad hamn.När färjorna vid kaj ansluts till det fasta elnätet kan effektbehovet i Ystads lokala elnät öka iden utsträckningen att abonnerad effekt på överliggande elnät överskrids. I dagsläget är detinte möjligt att uppgradera till ett högre effektabonnemang eftersom transformatornsbegränsade maxeffekt som förser Ystad med elenergi redan är uppnådd.För att undersöka möjligheterna till ett batterilager, har dels Ystads effektbehov ochlandanslutningens tillkommande effektbehov analyserats.

Inom nuklearmedicinsk diagnostik används radioaktiva läkemedel för att utvärdera olika organs metabolism och fysiologiska beteende. Genom att använda en scintillationskamera kan strålningen som erhålls när det administrerade läkemedlet sönderfaller i kroppen detekteras och en funktionell bild över aktivitetsfördelningen erhålls. En tredimensionell bildvolym kan erhållas om gammakameran får rotera runt patienten vilket kallas SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography). Bildernas kvalitet är av stor betydelse för att kunna göra en noggrann bedömning av olika patologiska tillstånd. Kvaliteten begränsas av en mängd faktorer och en av dem är Comptonspridda fotoner.I denna studie optimerades bildkvaliteten för SPECT-undersökningar med 111In-Octreoscan för ett Infinia Hawkeye 4 (GE Healthcare, Wisconsin, USA) SPECT-system vid Norrlands universitetssjukhus (NUS).