Volvo Trucks is the second largest manufacturer of heavy trucks, with factories in several countries and with around 21 000 employees. At the plant in Tuve, trucks have been built since 1982 and the activity mainly consists of producing side members and to assemble and packing kits of trucks. In 2005, the factory in Tuve launched the ambition to be the first carbon dioxide neutral vehicle factory in the world. This will be implemented by streamlining and investing in renewable energy. The aim of this degree thesis is to map the usage of energy within production, and also to prepare a method to measure key figures (use of energy per produced unit).

The municipality in Uppsala has set up goals for the future work concerning climate-and energy issues. As one way to achieve these goals the municipality started aproject called Uppsala climate protocol. During one of the project meetings anabatement map was presented. The map showed what savings in carbon dioxide andmarginal costs for different actions can be made. Statistics show that 40 % of thepopulation in Uppsala lives in a condominium.

The objective of this work was to introduce measures to reduce energy and water demand at Gävle Söder 17:10. To succeed, this energy audit has been made. The work is based on collected statistics from the property owner Norrporten, measurements, literature review and through consultation with experts in the field. Two models, one for each building, have been created in the simulation program BV2 to estimate the potential of energy measures based on the collected information. The models in BV2 have been verified against the statistics of the energy consumption.With the help of calculations and simulations, seven cost-effective measures have been identified.

Centralsystemen för ventilation behöver inom de närmaste tio åren bytas ut i Huddinge sjukhus. Energiförbrukningen i ventilationssystemet förväntas kunna reduceras markant med hjälp av nya, effektiva system för värmeåtervinning och komfortkyla. Just nu pågår en process där flertalet lösningsförslag tagits fram och behöver utredas.I denna rapport presenteras en undersökning av en motströms koaxialvärmeväxlare för värmeåtervinning och ett kylsystem baserat på indirekt evaporativ kylning. Systemen har behandlats separat och utvärderats utifrån numeriska simuleringar i EES, Excel och MATLAB där beräkningarna för värmeväxlaren gjorts enligt NTU-metoden.För att uppnå effektivitetskraven visar sig den koaxiala värmeväxlaren blir orimligt stor samtidigt som tryckfallen i värmeväxlarens kanaler ger upphov till oacceptabla driftkostnader. Värmeväxlarlösningen är därför inte ett hållbart alternativ, varför en LCC-analys inte är inkluderad i denna rapport.Kylsystemet visar sig dessbättre vara mer intressant och skulle kunna kombineras med en annan typ av värmeväxlare för att sänka temperaturen vid varma sommardagar.

Muntlig kommunikation kan vara begränsad eller omöjlig när patienten är intuberad vid respiratorbehandling. Intuberingen hindrar talet och detta kan vara frustrerande för många patienter. Syftet med studien var att belysa hur intuberade intensivvårdspatienter upplever kommunikation. För att genomföra studien valdes systematisk litteraturstudie som metod. Resultatet baseras på 11 artiklar.

The author has, with the help of AK Consultancy Indoor Air AB, formed a series of questions regarding moisture problems in buildings and how these are handled in extreme climates with high temperatures and a high relative humidity. Furthermore to analyse and indentify key material that makes a construction safe against moisture problems. Ventilation, AC and the choice of materials have in a later stage of the thesis been investigated to enhance the knowledge of moisture protection. The research for this report includes measurements on existing buildings, calculation models on the building envelope for analyses and the ingoing materials of the envelope. The health aspect of moisture problems related to ?sick building syndrome? has been included and interviews have been conducted to gather relevant information.A study of the American system, ASHRAE, American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Air Conditioning Engineers and the standards used in Singapore has been made to highlight the difference.

An open fitting is suitable for persons with sloping hearing loss and relatively good low fre-quency hearing. Sensory neural hearing losses often have this type of configuration. A large ventilation canal gives a greater feeling of comfort and less occlusion. The purpose of this study was to look at the hearing aid benefit of open fitted hearing aids. Self report question-naires were sent out to 102 patients who were given ReSound AIR during the year of 2006 in Uddevalla.

I detta arbete har energisimuleringsprogrammet IDA ICE utvärderats genom att simuleringar gjorda i detta program jämförts med simuleringar gjorda i CFD-programmet ANSYS Fluent. Modeller i form av ett kvadratiskt kontorsrum med fönster ställdes upp för ett basfall i de båda programmen och parametern operativ temperatur jämfördes. För att se hur förändringar i modellerna påverkade resultatet ställdes ett antal nya fall upp där olika parametrar varierades. Variablerna som en i taget ändrades vid uppställningar av nya simuleringsfall var: rumshöjd, U-värde på fönstret, deplacerande istället för omblandande ventilation, radiator istället för golvvärme, tilluftstemperatur, mätpunktens placering samt hur till-och frånluftsdonen placerades. Resultatet av simuleringarna visade att den operativa temperaturen höll sig på en relativt konstant nivå för de olika fallen i IDA ICE, medan värdet på denna parameter varierade för de olika fallen vid CFD-simuleringarna.

Sövning av kaniner är förenat med stora risker och säkra alternativ till inhalationsanestesi behöver utvecklas. I denna studie utvärderades intravenös anestesi med midazolam och sufentanil, för induktion och underhåll, på åtta New Zeeland White-kaniner av honkön. Samtliga kaniner premedicinerades med medetomidin i låg dos. Narkosen inducerades intravenöst med en blandning av midazolam och sufentanil (medeldos 0,09 mg/kg midazolam och 0,48 µg/kg sufentanil). Kaninerna hölls därefter sövda i 60 minuter via kontinuerlig infusion av samma blandning (medeldos 0,13 mg/kg/h midazolam och 0,72 µg/kg/h sufentanil).

There is two dairy farms in Sweden with ability to be opened on both long sides, one outside Hjo and the other one, Brandstadholm, north of Sjöbo. When there is no measures and results or not enough literature about natural ventilation and especially on this kind of air inlet, makes my tests very interesting not only on Alnarp, but among other companies. I would like to find out if there is any air movements direct on the cows, how high/low temperature, air humidity, light intensity and noise standard inside the barn. Does Brandstadholm fulfil the rules and regulations when it comes to climate inside the barn? Could this system become the new dairy barn instead of the conventional barns in Sweden? I am going to focus on the animals environment, after all they are the one who is going to spend the most of the time in the barn. I used five electrical loggers distributed inside the barn to measure the temperature and one of the loggers measured the air humidity, every 15th minute. One logger were placed on the outside which measured both temperature and air humidity.

The purpose of this thesis was to make an energy survey and quantify energy flows of individual unit operations associated with the biogas production in Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB:s biogas plant, located at Kungsängens gård. Moreover, large consumers of energy would be identified and analyzed. The objective of this energy survey was to obtain a detailed understanding of the energy use in the biogas production. The energy survey was divided into two parts: electricity and heat. Each part was treated separately and with somewhat different approach. To estimate the electricity usage during the projcet the rated power of each selected unit operation was noted and multplied with the measured time of usage.

The purpose of this thesis was to make an energy survey and quantify energy flows of individual unit operations associated with the biogas production in Uppsala Vatten och Avfall AB:s biogas plant, located at Kungsängens gård. Moreover, large consumers of energy would be identified and analyzed. The objective of this energy survey was to obtain a detailed understanding of the energy use in the biogas production.The energy survey was divided into two parts: electricity and heat. Each part was treated separately and with somewhat different approach. To estimate the electricity usage during the projcet the rated power of each selected unit operation was noted and multplied with thenmeasured time of usage.

Tail-biting in pigs is an animal welfare issue and in Sweden during 2002 the producers lost tree million Swedish crowns because of tail biting. This economic loss depends on the pigs which are discarded at slaughter because of tail biting. Tail biting can be separated into two stages, "pre-injury" and "injury". The aim of this study is to investigate if tail biting depends on environment or genetic background.A lot of research on the environments effects on the behaviour of pigs but not so much on the genetic effects has been performed. The frequency of tail biting in pig farms influence among others of environment enrichment, ventilation, gender and breed of the pig.

This study has been carried out in the spring of 2014 on behalf of PQR Consult AB in Stockholm. The aim of the study has been to analyse the energy usage of the building Skarpövägen 1 in order to explore the possibilites of saving energy by using appropriate equipment. These possible solutions have been simulated by using the programe IDA Indoor Climate and Energy, combined with a life cycle cost analysis. The laundry building, Skarövägen 23, has also been analysed due to its high amount of energy usage. The result of the energy analysis showed that the energy usage was much higher than the energy declaration.

Bakgrund:Tuberkulos är den andra ledande dödsorsaken i världen. Värst drabbade områden är södra Afrika, sydöstra Asien och Ryssland. Incidensen i Sverige ökar. Patienter med tuberkulos kräver mycket omvårdnad. Omvårdnad är sjuksköterskans profession.