Studiens syfte är att utreda möjligheterna och begränsningarna för svenska lantbrukskooperativa företag att använda sig av förlagsinsatserna. Fyra företag är i fokus, nämligen Södra och KLS, vilka har använt sig av instrumentet, samt Swedish Meats och Svenska Lantmännen, vilka har aktuella överväganden att göra detsamma. Utgångspunkten i teorikapitlet är de tre roller, som medlemmen har med sin förening, nämligen att äga, nyttja och styra föreningen. Transaktionskostnadsteorin samt äganderätts- och agentteorierna används för att analysera förlagsinsatsinstrumentet. Det empiriska materialet insamlas genom kvalitativa personliga intervjuer med förtroendevalda och högre tjänstemän i de fyra fallföretagen. Möjligheterna för förlagsinsatserna är: · En individualisering av kapitalet sker, varvid investeraren får ett incitament i att engagera sig i föreningens ekonomiska utveckling.

Background and problem: The financial crisis 2008-2009 came out from an over-optimism among those who took the real estate loans in the U.S., and especially so-called subprime loans. After the 2008 financial crisis, it has become a global uncertainty in the financial market with low growth, and even financial crises in the euro countries have appeared. The real estate industry is a capital-intensive industry where companies have a high leverage to implement their investment. This means they have a larger proportion of debt relative to equity than companies in other industries. As investments require a lot of capital, real estate companies become dependent on having a working relationship with both the banks and the capital market.

The aim of this essay was to describe the power elite of the Swedish town Karlshamn, and its influences on the local political process before the realization of the narrow-gauge railway Karlshamn-Wislanda-Jernväg. During the mid 19th century, a revolutionary period began in the Swedish pre-industrial epoch. The political and institutional regulatory frameworks were disassembled and restructured, away from protectionism and centrally controlled administration, for the benefit of free trade, local self-government and liberalism. The changes were carried through during times marked by a drastic increasing native population and upcoming demands for adjustments to meet the growth of the industrial-, trade- and labour markets. An essential industrial development factor was the building of the national railway network, which started after some important decisions in the Swedish Riksdag during the 1850´s.

This essay is about a deserted medieval habitation called Skyttsie Hage which is located in the south of Sweden in the Scania province where it lies on a moor on the Falsterbopeninsula. Remains of five to six larger buildings have been found here with a surrounding earthwork, although it's not known for sure what kind of habitation they have been part of. Local folklore from the 17:th century states the area as a place where pirates lived, and that this was the reason for it's devastation. Another says that there once stood a breedingfarm belonging to the danish crown. Archaeologists have made several speculations which includes a deer park, a royal estate, an isolated farm or a smaller village.

Populärvetenskaplig sammanfattning: Planera dagsutflykten och upplev mer av Island. Island med sina aktiva vulkaner och stora glaciärer är ett populärt turistmål och antalet turister ökar år från år. Flertalet av de 350 000 utländska turister som årligen besöker Island anländer med flyg till huvudstaden Reykjavik. Från huvudstaden anordnas dagsutflykter genom en rad olika researrangörer. Man kan även planera en dagsutflykt själv, och köra med hyrbil.

The distance between home and work has increased in recent decades. By the development of infrastructure and public transport, jobs farther from home have become more accessible and this development has in turn increased commuting. Commuting travellers often pass over administrative boundaries which often serve as borders for public transport pricing. Also the market control prices. Research shows that travel times and costs significantly affect commuting choice.

During Spring semester 2011, Linda Engstrom and Malin Heder performed ?Golden Ratio?, a thesis which included 22.5 hp. The thesis followed the syllabus for the Degree Project for degree of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering (MSGC12) which was a unit in the Innovation and Design Engineering program within the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.The client was Crem International AB, a company located in Åmotfors that develops the design, manufactures and markets coffee machines. The supervisor at the company has been Peter Larsson and supervisor at Karlstad University has been Monica Jakobsson. Examiner for the thesis has been Professor Fredrik Thuvander at the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.Crem International AB controls a patent, representing a new technology to streamline and minimize use of energy during the coffee preparation and results in a good coffee quality.

During Spring semester 2011, Linda Engstrom and Malin Heder performed ?Golden Ratio?, a thesis which included 22.5 hp. The thesis followed the syllabus for the Degree Project for degree of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering (MSGC12) which was a unit in the Innovation and Design Engineering program within the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.The client was Crem International AB, a company located in Åmotfors that develops the design, manufactures and markets coffee machines. The supervisor at the company has been Peter Larsson and supervisor at Karlstad University has been Monica Jakobsson. Examiner for the thesis has been Professor Fredrik Thuvander at the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.Crem International AB controls a patent, representing a new technology to streamline and minimize use of energy during the coffee preparation and results in a good coffee quality.

During Spring semester 2011, Linda Engstrom and Malin Heder performed ?Golden Ratio?, a thesis which included 22.5 hp. The thesis followed the syllabus for the Degree Project for degree of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering (MSGC12) which was a unit in the Innovation and Design Engineering program within the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.The client was Crem International AB, a company located in Åmotfors that develops the design, manufactures and markets coffee machines. The supervisor at the company has been Peter Larsson and supervisor at Karlstad University has been Monica Jakobsson. Examiner for the thesis has been Professor Fredrik Thuvander at the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.Crem International AB controls a patent, representing a new technology to streamline and minimize use of energy during the coffee preparation and results in a good coffee quality.

During Spring semester 2011, Linda Engstrom and Malin Heder performed ?Golden Ratio?, a thesis which included 22.5 hp. The thesis followed the syllabus for the Degree Project for degree of Bachelor of Science in Innovation and Design Engineering (MSGC12) which was a unit in the Innovation and Design Engineering program within the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.The client was Crem International AB, a company located in Åmotfors that develops the design, manufactures and markets coffee machines. The supervisor at the company has been Peter Larsson and supervisor at Karlstad University has been Monica Jakobsson. Examiner for the thesis has been Professor Fredrik Thuvander at the Faculty of Technology and Science at Karlstad University.Crem International AB controls a patent, representing a new technology to streamline and minimize use of energy during the coffee preparation and results in a good coffee quality.

De senaste årens oro i världsekonomin har medfört en åtstramning hos kreditinstituten. Innan finanskrisen beviljades kredit till generösa villkor men med skärpningar av regelverk, som Basel III, ställs nu högre krav på bankernas kapitaltäckning. Fastighetsbolagen märker av den förändrade situationen och vittnar om att den tidigare nästan obegränsade kapitaltillgången nu inte längre existerar. Det har blivit dyrare att låna pengar från bankerna och därför börjar allt fler söka efter alternativ.I Sverige är banksektorn stark gällande finansiering och marknaden är dominerad av ett fåtal storbanker. Innan krisen 2008 var ett flertal utländska banker aktiva på den svenska marknaden och konkurrensen tvingade ner priserna.

The study of the French market for softwood has been done in collaboration with VIDA AB. The aim of the study was to investigate important product quality and service quality dimensions, the customers? perception of the offering and generally describe the French market and present actors. The market for softwood around the world changes over time and new markets can mean opportunities for the sawmilling industry. The French market is the second biggest European market for softwood, has had presence of actors with sourcing of raw material from the Nordic countries for decades and there is a growing interest for building with wood. Theory being used is about the different dimensions that make up the total quality of softwood, together with intangible dimensions making up the total offering that helps the sawmilling industry to create positive perceived value for the customers. Methodological approach in the study was a case study research design, aimed at providing knowledge about one specific subject in one context. The general description was mostly carried out by literature studies and data from various statistics sources.

Syfte: Syftet med vår studie är att skapa klarhet i vad det nya direktivet MiFID innebär, och vilken roll den utgör för harmoniseringen av den Europeiska finansiella marknaden. Vi vill även belysa vad de olika aktörer i den finansiella marknaden anser om harmoniseringen och vilken inställning de har till de olika delarna i MiFID direktivet.Metod: Vi har efter en noggrann selektering låtit: Aktiespararna,Fondhandlarföreningen och Finansinspektionen representera den svenskaFinnansmarknaden. Det är utifrån dessa tre parter vårt empiriska intag av hur harmoniseringen i samband med MiFID, samt hur direktivet i sig uppfattas på den svenska finansiella marknaden har fastställts. Vi har tagit del av artiklar, undersökningar och remissvar som har framtagits inom de tre grupperna för att skapa en förståelse angående deras åsikter och ställningstaganden vad gäller MiFID. Vi har även utfört intervjuer med de tre grupperna vidare presenterar vi vissa redan existerande teorier för en välfungerande finansiell marknad samthur harmoniseringen har fungerat inom tidigare områden.Resultat & slutsats: Alla aktörerna är positivt inställda till harmoniseringen och direktivet i stort, likväl framhävs många detaljer som står till hinder för att ambitionen om den enade finansiella marknaden skall kunna bli verklig under överskådlig tid.Andra slutsatser är att kostnaderna i samband med införandet av MiFID tros drabba värdepappersinstitutionerna hårdast, och förmodligen blir det investerarna som får bära kostnaderna i slutändan.

Title: GMO Food ProductsThe issue of marketing and selling them in Europe - A Business and Legal Perspective.Author: Shane KingSupervisors: Anneli Carlsson and Ewa RabinowiczProblemThe European Unions regulations in regard to GMO?s and the approval process for both release into the environment, and onto the market, has been under fire by the USA along with Canada and Argentina. The WTO has ruled on this issue in favour of USA et al.The problem that was identified was in regard to consumer opinion in the EU. How could the EU meet its numerous international trade obligations while at the same time meetingthe needs of the citizens of the Union? Added to that was the issue of whether or not the?EU? perspective was indeed an EU perspective or rather the perspective of a fewMember States.

Intense competition among companies and luck or unavailability of certain resources in country of company?s origin force last to cross the borders, and start to hunt for new markets and cheaper inputs. However, by investing abroad the company is not only facing and dealing with cultural differences and new regulatory framework, but also becomes dependent on decisions and actions of different and to large extend unknown government. Moreover, the majority of the investments? flows are directed to developing countries, where power and capabilities of state authorities are considered to be more extensive than in countries of developed economies.