Background: The majority of patients requiring medical attention experience some degree of pain. The nurses´ assessment of pain is crucial in reducing the patients suffering in a proper and timely manner. Previous studies have shown that the treatment of pain in a emergency situation is poorly managed. The patients´ pain experience is often under assessed and undertreated which leads to increased suffering for the patient. This results in higher costs for the health care system due to prolonged hospitalization.

Aim: The aim of this study was to describe the nurse?s work at an emergency department trough a perspective of caring.Method: A literature review has been made of twelve studies published between the years of 2002 ? 2012. The focus of all the studies was on Swedish emergency departments.  Results: The researchers found four themes that they choose to use as a way of describing the nurses work in the emergency room as detailed as possible. These themes were: ?The emergency room?, ?the nurse?s job assignments at an emergency department?, ?the patient?s experiences? and ?lifeworld and communication?.

Research Question: Does the pharmacy market seem to change in accordance with the goals stipulated by the government due to the reregulation?This leads to the following sub-questions:Does it seem like the availability of medical drugs for consumers increase?Does it seem like service for consumers get enhanced?Does it seem like the supply of services for consumers increase?Does it seem like the costs of medical drugs are maintained?Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate if the trends resulting from the reregulation of the pharmacy monopoly correspond to the goals stipulated by the government.The purpose is furthermore to compare the reregulation of other Swedish markets and the reregulation of the pharmacy market in other Nordic countries in order to heed their lessons.Method: This study uses method triangulation, with a questionnaire directed to pharmacy customers forming the quantitative basis and interviews with specialists regarding the pharmacy market, forming the qualitative. The study also draws heavily on historic data regarding reregulation of Swedish markets and reregulation of the pharmacy market in other Nordic countries.Conclusions:Availability of medical drugs has increased and will presumably continue to do so. Service quality has increased somewhat and will presumably continue to do so.Supply of services has increased and it will presumably continue to do so.The cost of medical drugs will only increase if it is required in order to satisfy the other goals.  .

This study is an attempt to examine a hospital library's difficulties in reaching customers with consumer health information. The method was a case study of the consumer health service in the hospital library in Västerås, a town in Sweden. Qualitative interviews, observations and written material were used. The approach was from the actor's point of view with the intention to look upon the problem with the eyes of those who work at the hospital with information to patients, that is librarians and medical staff. Theories about marketing in service organizations and how to develop new services were used in the study, as well as theories about communication and different cultures within organizations of different kinds like the library and the hospital.

SammanfattningSyftet med studien var att beskriva och sammanställa befintlig forskning om de etiska konflikterna, som ambulanspersonal ställs inför i samband med HLR och att inventera om prehospitala HLR riktlinjer tar hänsyn till etiska aspekter på HLR. En litteraturstudie genomfördes där tretton vetenskapliga artiklar analyserades. Resultatet visade att etiska konflikter uppstod när det gällde ambulanspersonalens beslut om att påbörja HLR eller inte, på patienter som av litteraturen beskrevs som terminalt sjuka eller äldre terminalt sjuka patienter. Ibland kränkte ambulanspersonalen patienternas autonomi genom att påbörja HLR mot patienternas och de anhörigas vilja, trots att det existerade en Ej HLR önskan från patienterna och deras anhöriga. Den huvudsakliga orsaken till att sådana situationer uppstod var oklarheter i lagstiftningen omkring prehospitala HLR riktlinjer i USA och Kanada.

The Swedish prehospital/ambulance organization has the last decades evolved from a transport organization to a an organization that focus on alleviate and treating acute medical conditions in the field as well as transporting patient to the emergency ward. The ambulance service is developing continually and offers today a high-tech and highly specialized nursing/care. Which in turn demand a higher standard and competence on the care provider. Ambulance mission can vary in priority and magnitude. This in turn demand a high medical competence our capacity.

Background: The number of older people is increasing in Sweden. The elderly patient often requires a more complex type of care, than younger patients. The concept of frailty is often used to describe individuals who have a high biological age and a decreased physiologic reserve which could be associated with acute illness and an increased vulnerability. Emergency medical care today is not suitable for elderly patients and adaptions for these elderly patients and the demands this places on the health care is necessary. Mölndal Hospital emergency department has around 42 000 visitors per year, many of the clients have a high age.

The purpose of this thesis has been to investigate how librarians perceive nurses as a user group and libraries? function for nurses. In order to achieve the study?s purpose six qualitative interviews with librarians working at medical libraries were conducted. The study has been performed with a phenomenographical methodological approach.

The purpose of this Masters thesis is to analyze the research front within medical ethics. We wish to identify which research themes that are included in the subject field of medical ethics. The research themes can be identified by a couple of bibliometrical methods and techniques. In our case, it is bibliographic coupling combined with a cluster analysis. The analysis is accomplished by the extracted references from articles in the two journals Bioethics and Journal of medical ethics.

The purpose of this paper is to examine information sharing in a hospital organization that is undergoing reorganization. The aiming is to make all employees at all levels actively involved in business development in order to create a smooth and, from a patient?s perspective, adequate emergency care. The paper suggests that the theory of social capital can explain the complexity of what motivate and what promote individuals to share information. The method used in the paper is the case study, focusing on detecting, interpreting and gaining insight on how information shares in an emergency department.

Introduction: Frequent attenders is a term used in health care services that define a person attending a health care setting more than four times during a 12 month period. Recently published research concerning frequent attenders in pediatric emergency departments describes their reasons for attending a health care service or characteristics of these individuals but lacks a qualitative approach exploring their experiences. There is a need of these experiences to be shared so that health care personnel caring for this group may gain a greater understanding of their needs and expectations.Aim: The aim of this study is to describe how parents of children defined as frequent attenders experience the care received at a pediatric emergency department.Method: Qualitative approach with semi-structured interviews. A pilot study of four interviews was conducted to test the method. Sampling consisted of parents of children defined as frequent attenders and that were not diagnosed with a chronic illness.

The subject of this bachelors degree project is an interior layout for road ambulances.Landstinget Västernorrland (LVN) wanted a layout concept that would be used to com- municate their design intentions to the ambulance producers during their purchase process.Designing ambulance interiors is an extremely complex process since there so many fac- tors to take into consideration. It ?s not just about taking the equipment and place it where there is space left in the cabin. You have to start with the user in focus and the tasks that are to be performed in the ambulance environment.It ishard to find design solutions that will fit 100% of the ambulance personnel?s working routines for 100% of the tasks.

 AbstractHygiene plays an important role in health care to prevent contamination. Their lack of application of the basal hygienrutinera is a major cause for the spread of microorganisms occurs. The purpose of this study is to examine how rules of basic hygiene and clothing followed in the emergency department a quantentative approach involving the observation was to collect data on this activity. The data collection went on for 1 week at the emergency room, where hospital staff including doctors, nurses and assistant nurses was observed. The study showed that staff at the emergency department did not fully comply to the rules for basic hygiene routines.

The aim of the study was to support the ongoing kaizen work at a medical centre. Two main topics have been addressed in this study:? Find a solution to ensure that the kaizen decisions are followed and will get a strong grip in the organisation.? Support the kaizen process by giving advice on how to structure the meetingsand how the kaizen work could be done more effectively.The study started with a visit to the medical centre to observe the kaizen process and the attitudes among the employees. The employees were asked to fill in a survey about the kaizen work at the centre. The final recommendations given have been based on this and also information gathered from other medical centres which work after the same kaizen principles.

Advanced homecare, district nurses experiences, palliative care, quality of life,Advanced homecare is an arranged specialized medical service doing nursing round-the-clock. The care is preformed in cooperation with a multi-professional team formed of different professions. Advanced home care is mostly palliative care. The purpose is to give the patient better quality of life and anticipate, survey and palliate symptoms. The aim of this study was to describe the experiences of district nurses using advanced homecare when nursing patients with palliative care at home.