Aortic insufficiency is a very common valve problem in horses and most often affects older individuals, but nevertheless existent within younger ones. The root cause for aortic insufficiency can be varied, for example; endocarditis, ventricular septum defect or congenital valve disease but the most common are progressive valve degeneration or elite competition. Depending on the root cause, different changes can be observed on the aorta valves, but they do all have the same effect, the valves do not seal properly and blood leaks backwards. Many horses can, even with this deficiency, perform highly without any visible impacts and there is therefore no need to treat those subjects. Most often the symptoms arise at a later stage in life and they are, more often than none, put down for other reasons. In the occurrence of the clinical symptoms showing, treatment guideline is to inhibit these symptoms since the valve degeneration is presently irreversible.

SAMMANFATTNINGBakgrund: Tidigare forskning visar att vårdstudenter har stor nytta av att få delta i patientarbete i sin utbildning och fortsatta yrkeskarriär. Patienter i hälso- och sjukvård har generellt en positiv attityd till studentmedverkan. Dock är forskningen om vilken uppfattning patienter inom psykiatrisk vård har till studentmedverkan mycket begränsad.Syfte: Att undersöka hur patienter inom psykiatrisk vård upplever studenters medverkan i vårdenMetod: Kvantitativ studie, en enkätstudie. Patienter från tre verksamhetsområden på ett universitetsjukhus i Mellansverige tillfrågades om att svara på enkätfrågor.Resultat: Resultatet blev 655 besvarade enkäter. Av respondenterna uppgav 95 % att de ansåg att det var viktigt att studenter får träffa patienter under sin utbildning.

Syftet med denna systematiska litteraturstudie var att undersöka studenters och sjuksköterskors inställning till informationsteknologi, samt studenters erfarenhet av IT och möjlighet att utnyttja IT i klinisk utbildning. Använda databaser var Medline, Science Direct, och Google Scholar. Följande sökord användes: nursing, student, documentation, attitudes to computers, computerized, och medical record. Femton artiklar ingick, varav nio hade kvantitativ ansats och sex kvalitativ ansats. Resultatet visade att yngre studenter inte hade lika högt förtroende för teknologi som äldre studenter.

Med hjälp av denna uppsats avser författarna att visa hur en internationalisering och etableringsprocess kan se ut för ett svenskt företag i Brasilien. Författarna har även undersökt rådgivarnas syn på internationalisering samt etableringsprocess och hur den bör gå till. Med rådgivare menar författarna den Svensk-brasilianska handelskammaren, Exportrådet och SouthPartner konsultföretag..

This essay deals with a picture-stone that was found in a pre Christian grave during the archaeological excavations of the Viking Age harbour and trading place at Fröjel parish, Gotland, in 1999. The stone is at least 100 years older then the male grave in which it was found. The picture-stone can be dated to  late 8th century or early 9th century, and the grave is probably from the late 10th century. One of the main questions in this essay is why the people of that time re-used an older picture-stone in a younger burial. I believe that the stone was reused as a grave-gift.

There is respect for the history of dance and my aim is to find out how the history affects the dancing youth today. The design of the dance lesson is often of a traditional stereotypical manner, both didactic and methodic, and it rarely appears to be questioned. I have danced for almost 20 years and I am a part of this tradition of movements, music, language and way of ?being?. My ambition with this study is to go outside my own experience and offer insight and an overall picture of a, for the outsider, closed world.

Sweden has an obligation to report child abuse suspicions to Social Services. According to Socialtjänstlagen (swedish constitution) 1 § Chapter 14, all employees in agencies affecting children, such as schools, have a responsibility to report their suspicions. Research shows that many abuses are not reported. The consequence of this is that Social Services does not hear about all cases of abused and harmed children. One profession where reporting is mandated is school counselors.

This essay constitutes a qualitative case study about democratization theory and the middle class in Russia. This is a very important case to study, especially because of the geographic position of the country as well as the economic importance Russia has as a part of the G8. In the essay the author seeks to answer the question whether the lack of a significant middle class in Russia can be a part of the explanation to the absence of a well functioning democracy in the country. Several democratization theories are presented. The most important being Ruth Berins Collier's theories about ins and outs plus the elite- or working class as the initiator of democratization processes.

Bronchiolitis is a common performance decreasing disease in horses (Bracher et al, 1991¸Dixon et al, 1995) Its medical treatment includes inhalation therapy with corticosteroids and b2-adrenoceptorer stimulators. Use of both these medicines is prohibited for sport horses and athletes. Because the facemasks used for inhalation therapy are not airtight, there is a risk for leakage of these medicines. We wanted to see if cross exposure of nearby horses can result during normal recommended treatment of a horse, and assess if this could result in doping positive urine sample from the person treating the horse and from horses in the same airspace. We did a pilot study with four healthy horses. The experiment was divided into four parts.

Background: Today when leisure time is spent, spontaneous sports activities decrease, due to a more comfortable way of living and physical capacity among non active adolescents decreases. There for it´s interesting to see how the physical capacity level has changed over time among young people participating in organized leisure time sports.Studies around the world show that young people standing outside organized sport activities have tended to decrease their physical activity levels over the last few decades. Less leisure time is spent doing physical activity and sometimes gets put into context with increased time spent behind the computer or inactivity.Design: A retrospective study of the test results on physical capacity between 1982 and 2009 for students applying to Växjö track and field high school. A total of 635 students (15 years old) have done 11 physical tests during the years. Five of these tests, with enough participants (at least 100) and documentation over at least 10 years, were used in this study.Results: This study shows that young track and field athletes have maintained the same physical capacity from 1982 to 2009.

Den här rapporten om kallkällor i Haninge kommun i södra Stockholms län är ett examensarbete på KTH. Undersökningen har gjorts i samarbete med Haninge kommun och Källakademin. Arbetet utförs av två studenter, där en student fokuserar på källornas tillstånd i dag (denna rapport) och en student fokuserar på källornas historia och tradition. Det primära målet med detta arbete är att ge Haninge kommun och dess invånare bättre kännedom om de kallkällor som finns i kommunen, särskild med avseende på vattenkvalitet och tillgänglighet.Kommunen har ambitionen att informera allmänheten om kallkällor och förse en del av dem med skyltar. Information om källornas existens och lokalisering inhämtades från olika databaser, främst SGUs (Sveriges geologiska undersökning), Skogsstyrelsens och Länsstyrelsens samt genom personliga kontakter.

I uppsatsen undersöks kulturellt och annat symbolisk kapital hos läkarstudenter vid Karolinska Institutet. Det teoretiska ramverket utgörs av Pierre Bourdieu. I studien jämförs läkarstudenternas investeringar i utbildning, mediavanor och andra kulturella aktiviter med fyra andra elitinriktade utbildningsprogram i Stockholmsområdet. Studien har en kvantitativ del med data insamlat genom en postal enkät till högskolestudenter och en kvalitativ del med personliga intervjuer med läkarstudenter på termin fyra på Karolinska Institutet. Studien visar att läkarstudenterna har mycket gemensamt med studenter vid de andra utbildningarna men att det särkskiljer sig i vissa avseenden.

This study contains how pre-school teachers talk about their mission as tutors and their assignments to educate student teachers in relation to the document that contains information concerning practice-based learning. The students are involved in communities of practice regarding pre-schools for children between one year and five years old. The pre-school teachers will share their daily work and pedagogical responsibility in the activities, meaning that the students are expected to show social engagement in interaction between children and adults. When teachers from the University visit the pre-school, the students are supposed to have a lesson or activity with the pupils in the practice class. And afterwards the students, the pre-school teachers and the teacher from University together have a developing discuss about the outcome objectives that the students are supposed to reach during the practice.

Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att undersöka hur information når fram till patienter med hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. Metod: Systematisk litteraturstudie. 15 artiklar, både kvalitativa och kvantitativa, granskades till resultatsdelen efter sökningar genom databaserna Academic Search Elite, CINAHL och PubMed, samt sökmotorn Elin@Dalarna. Artiklarna som använts är från 2002 och framåt. De hade en kvalitet som var antingen medel eller hög efter en granskning med hjälp av granskningsmallar för kvalitetsbedömning.Huvudresultat: Det fanns behov för patienter och deras anhöriga att få information om patientens tillstånd och kommande besvär.

The aim of this study was to analyze the assessment of the national tests seen from the teacher?s perspective. The national tests are performed in the Swedish school, classes 3, 5, 9, and the upper secondary school (gymnasiet). There has been an ongoing discussion regarding assessment and grading for a long time and it is of high interest now more than ever. The last control assessment done in 2009 by the department of school inspections on the order of the Swedish government, showed big differences between the assessments done by the teachers, and the assessments completed by the department of school inspections.