As trucks are getting more and more advanced, information about their weight has become a key factor for controlling them in a more fuel efficient and safe manner. Knowing the mass of a heavy duty vehicle in real time has been a difficult challenge for the truck manufacturers. With the processing power for electronic control units in trucks steadily increasing, more advanced algorithms for calculating the mass has been developed, but at the moment there still is a wish for better performance.Since there is a lack of good information regarding the external forces acting on the vehicle, forces that depends on the slope of the road, foundation of the road and the wind, the methods have to be able to disregard these. Such an approach, based on an indirect least square solution, has been evaluated in this thesis. The results have been promising and based on these a recommendation about further evaluation has been made..

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to explore nurses' experiences of informing relatives to critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).MethodThe study was descriptive with a qualitative approach. Nine nurses were interviewed. The study took place in a university hospital in the midst of Sweden. An interview guide was used, designed in consensus with the study questions. Data was analyzed via qualitative content analysis.FindingsMeeting and preparing relatives at the arrival at the ICU seemed valuable and led to safety and participation among relatives.

Background: Miscarriage is one of the most common complications connected to pregnancy, every fourth woman undergoes a miscarriage during her lifetime. There is often no medical explanation why miscarriage happens, although the risk may increase due to certain factors in lifestyle or diseases. During incomplete miscarriages medical or surgical treatment is needed.Women are treated at surgical or gynecological departments and the period of treatment is often very brief, on some occasions not even a day. Therefore, the nurse faces a great challenge in meeting the women?s needs during the period of treatment.Aim: The aim of the study is to illuminate womens experiences of miscarriage and the treatment they experienced.Methods: A systematic literary study containing 13 articles.Results: Miscarriage is an individual experience and many women are affected emotionally and have many strong feelings afterwards.

Syftet med litteraturstudien var att belysa strokepatienters upplevelser av måltissituationen samt beskriva de vanligaste ätsvårigheterna som strokepatienter kan ha samt att undersöka hur vårdpersonal kan hjälpa vid ätsvårigheter. Studien genomfördes som en litteraturstudie som baserades på 12 vetenskapliga artiklar. Artiklarna söktes via hörskolan dalarnas sökmotorer/databaser och sökorden som kombinerades var dysphagia, eating situation, nursing, nutrition och stroke. Artiklarna granskades enlig modifierade granskningsmallar. Resultatet visar på att strokedrabbade kunde uppleva sina svårigheter vid måltiden som pinsamma.

BackgroundSexual health is affected by disease, dysfunction and disability but can also be experienced in spite of illness. To get a deeper knowledge of what the nurse does for the patients the background is written with the support of the holistic care and Katie Eriksson theoretical perspectives health and suffering.AimThe aim of this study is to describe the factors to why nurses do not prioritize patients' sexual health in the nursing care.MethodA literature review based on nine qualitative and quantitative studies focusing on the barriers perceived by the nurses to address sexual health.ResultThe result of this study showed that the barriers were many. Factors related to nurses unwillingness to talk to patients about sexuality and sexual health were difficulties in nurses' psychosocial work environment and lacking competence concerning sexual health. The fact that sexuality is a sensitive subject, factors related to the patient and that it was someone else's responsibility to raise the topic were other factors that made it difficult.ConclusionWe conclude that a stressed workplace where there is a lack of time and stress along with a poor education and uncertainty leads to no grasp of the subject and the problem slides between health professionals. Patients' sexual health remains untreated.

In today?s health care it?s most common to treat an illness with a kind of pharmaceutical preparation. But lack of resources, given information and bad communication and collaboration between the patient and the nursing staff can lead to a patient unwilling to follow the doctor?s prescription. This does not just affect the individual patient?s health but it can also result in consequences for other people and the whole society.

This essay describes some factors that may effect small business survival in relation to becoming a supplier for bigger companies that may implement the use of EDI for electronic invoicing.The purpose of this study is to analyse and evaluate what impact may occur during the introduction of EDI between small and big business.Following on from the introduction of methods used in this study there will be a complete analysis made detailing results.From our research we have found that most small business have developed a professional working relationship between themselves and their clients.The adoption of EDI by big business has revolutionised the day to day dealings between both supplier and consumer in that EDI has empowered both chains to collaborate data in real time.In conclusion our research illustrates that in order for small business to survive the must implement EDI. The results of our study have shown that the introduction of EDI to both small and big business has had a positive outcome..

A Swedish electronics company wants to make the cooling of one of their electronic components more efficient. They propose that a retrofit liquid cooler is the way to achieve this goal. The current air cooling has high energy cost due to the high amount of power needed to power fans and heat exchangers. Using high volumes of air for cooling also leads to noise pollution. The conversion from air to liquid cooling would possibly make the operation of the electronics more cost efficient and less noisy.The purpose of this project is to theoretically evaluate different concepts of drawing the heat generated by the electronic component in to a fluid, using numerical calculations in Matlab and FEM simulations in ANSYS.

The purpose of this study is to determine who visits the V Frölunda Library, Gothenbug,what magazines they read and why. The data presented in this thesis are collectedusing four methods: general observation and counting numbers of visitors, interviewswith 202 magazine readers, the completion of 1308 questiomaires regarding approximately350 maghes and interviews with more than 100 library visitors.The data indicates that men are significantly overrepresented among magazine readersas compared to the female visitors. These men are primarily from the white collar sectorof the community. This leads to a pronounced underrepresentation of the blue coIlarworkers. Young people visit the magazine room in the library at a rate about twice thatexpected from the population distribution.Women are primarily interested in magazines dealing with the home whereas men aremore interested in business, cars, boats and sports.

Syfte: Syftet med denna uppsats är att illustrera vilka faktorer som påverkar kundrelationer och hur ett företag bör gå tillväga för att förbättra dessa samt för att bevara sina kunder. Vi vill ge en illustration på hur en välorganiserad kundrelation kan framkallas. Uppsatsen är även en undersökning som kommer att framhäva Länsförsäkringarnas varianter av strategier och metoder inom kundrelation, detta kommer även att baseras ur kundens perspektiv. Det vitalaste kommer att handla om hur Länsförsäkringarna kan förbättra och utveckla detta. Metod: Vi valde att använda oss av primärdata för att öka trovärdigheten genom enkätundersökning och intervjuer, våra sekundärdata användes för att ge stöd till den primäradatan med författares och forskares teorier. Sedan jämförde vi resultatet från intervjuerna och enkätundersökningen med vad teoretikerna anser för att se om det överensstämmer med resultatet. Resultat & slutsats: Vi tycker att det har varit ett intresseväckande arbete att följa Länsförsäkringarnas tillvägagånssätt om hur de bemöter kunderna och relationen till dem.

An article review about chronic stress, which is harmful, how it manifest itself and affect females. The nursing perspective was also in focus, how the nurse can prevent unhealth caused by harmful stress among these females and how the nurse can help these women to help themselves..

Studies have shown that stress is common in the nursing profession.Purpose: The aim was to investigate nurses' experience of stress in the work environment at the University Hospital in Uppsala and how nurses deal with this stress and whether the perceived stress experienced affect patient safety and in what way. Method: The study had a descriptive, qualitative design based on nine interviews. The selection criteria for the study was that participants were nurses and that they had worked at least one year within the profession and that they had experienced stress in their work environment. Data from the interviews was analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method by Graneheim and Lundman. Results: The analysis resulted in three categories: "Stress in the workplace?, "stress management" and "patient safety? and showed that all participants had experienced stress repeatedly in their workplaces.

Sjuksköterskor är den största yrkesgruppen inom hälso- och sjukvården, de har en viktig roll och potential när det handlar om att arbeta utifrån forskning samt med hjälp av den utveckla vården. Studier visar dock att sjuksköterskor utnyttjar tillgänglig forskning i begränsad omfattning. Syftet med litteraturstudien var att beskriva faktorer som hindrar och, eller främjar sjuksköterskans användande av evidensbaserad omvårdnad. Sökningar har skett i databaserna CINAHL och PubMed med sökorden Nursing practice, evidence based/Evidence-based nursing som ämnesord och Barriers, Facilitate, Implementation och Utilization som fritextord. Därigenom har totalt 14 vetenskapliga artiklar identifierats, vilka litteraturstudiens resultat bygger på.

Background: According to the Swedish Social Board induced abortions are increasing in the modern day society. Nurses who work with in the gynecological department can come across patients seeking care for an induced abortion.Theoretical framework: The findings of the study will be discussed in relation to Peplau's nursing theory, ethical concepts and nursing concepts.Aim: The aim of the literature review was to illuminate the experiences of nurses working with induced abortion.Method: A systematic literature review with an inductive approach was chosen. The findings are based on seven qualitative and two quantitative studies. The articles were assessed through two different modified templates based on qualitative or quantitative design.Findings: Nurses and midwives experienced their work with induced abortions as emotionally stressful. However, it was highlighted that all women have the right whether to choose abortion or to proceed with the pregnancy.

Open access (OA) is a publishing model aimed at increasingthe access to academic research results. The object of thisstudy was to contrast nine colleges and four fundingorganizations in Scandinavia with mandatory OA-policies,and to study how they put OA into practice.Inspired by the Open Access Spectrum (OAS), a tool used toappreciate the OA of academic journals, the aim was tograde the policy documents of the colleges using the OASmodel.The study also compares how the colleges implementtheir OA-policies as well as how, and if, the demands fromthe funding organizations are reflected in the policies of thecolleges.The findings show that the OAS is not a tool designed forgreen OA and that all the information needed for the scale tofunction was not found in the policy documents we studied.A selection of the colleges has some demands in theirpolicies, although most of them allow exceptions to be madefrom the mandatory policy. This is shown to be mainly aquestion of academic freedom, and copyright, or rather thanthe degree to which the scientist and the publisher can cometo an agreement on allowing the information to be accessiblethrough OA.The study proposes that the way to change this may be toincrease the demands on OA in the policies, and that the bestsolution might be in stipulations within the employmentcontracts between the individual colleges and scientist..