Bakgrund:Många svenska ideella idrottsföreningar, oavsett nivå, har idag ekonomiska svårigheter. Volontärarbete samt bidrag från kommun och stat är av stor vikt för föreningarnas överlevnad. Samtidigt har idrottsföreningars verksamhet blivit mer komplex vilket innebär större krav på den ekonomiska kunskapen inom föreningarna.Syfte:Skapa förståelse för föreningars ekonomiska situation samt att belysa vikten av ett ekonomiskt kunnande inom föreningslivet, genom att lyfta de målsättningar, strategier och ekonomiska styrmedel som används i dagsläget.Metod:Rapporten utgår från en flerfallstudie av fyra ideella idrottsföreningar. En kvalitativ forskningsmetod med en abduktiv ansats har använts. Vid insamling av empiriskt material har semistrukturerade intervjuer har genomförts.Resultat:I studien har framdagats att både reella och symboliska målsättningar används, samt både ekonomiska och icke ekonomiska.

Social sustainability is often regarded as a solution to social problems in general. In this study, on the contrary, social sustainability is conceived as a socially constructed concept and the result of a certain way of looking at the world, the human being and the ideal society. The study centers around Kinda municipality in the southern region of Östergötland and a few of its elder inhabitants. What meaning and substance social sustainability is contained with as well as the effects that are produced by these conceptualizations is explored and analyzed. Also, the study examines the encounter between political policy?s and judgments on the one hand and the experiences and preferences held by the municipality?s elder inhabitants on the other..

I den här litteraturstudien är det den historiska utvecklingen gällande stadsplanering, med funktionalismens ideal och utmaningar som står i fokus. Vilka är dagens utmaningar i stadsplanering? Vilka ideal fanns det under funktionalismen? Vilka spår kan vi se idag och kan vi använda oss av funktionalismens idéer i dagens planering? Vi står inför många utmaningar i dagens stadsplanering. Klimatförändringar och den globala urbaniseringen sätter allt större press på städerna. Man benämner tiden 1930-1975 som funktionalismen epok i Svensk stadsplanering. Under funktionalismen var den största utmaningen att lösa den akuta boendebristen som skapats på grund av att allt fler flyttat in till städerna på grund av industrialiseringen.

Med bakgrund i de skolreformer som genomfördes i Sverige under 90-talet och i studier av differentiering inom gymnasieskolan behandlar den här uppsatsen skillnader i hur gymnasieskolor ger uttryck för ?det internationella?, ett samlingsuttryck för en mängd internationella och global strömningar. Inspiration tas från Bourdieus sociologi. Genom kvalitativa och kvantitativa textanalyser undersöks hur ett internationellt innehåll tar sig i uttryck på webbplatser som tillhör 45 gymnasieskolor i Stockholm. Undersökningen fokuserar hur internationella inslag skiljer sig mellan skolor med olika social rekrytering och syn på utbildning.Studiens resultat och analys pekar på att skolor med hög social rekrytering ägnar ett större och bredare utrymme åt det internationella i förhållande till skolor med låg social rekrytering.

The main objective of this paper has been to construct a way to measure the level of social capital in a society. Based on a theory which describes the ideal society have I herein tried to find out to what extent the Swedish and Danish communities correspond to this model. The theoretical foundation consist of several different levels of analysis, and I have indeed found there to be consideral differences between the two nations on these different levels. The paper however conclude that these differences even out to add up to a Social Capital Index that is remarkably similar. A result which is to be interpreted as one nation being about as close to the ideal situation from a social capital point-of-view as the other..

Forskningen kring kvinnors kroppsuppfattning har länge uppmärksammats men det finns lite forskning kring mäns kroppsuppfattning, i och med det ville vi undersöka huruvida unga mäns kroppsuppfattning är annorlunda eller inte. Vi har utgått från sociala medier eftersom det är en relativt ny medieform som än så länge inte undersökts så mycket. Syftet är att belysa huruvida ett antal unga män påverkas av träningsrelaterade bilder. Undersökningen är kvalitativ och har genomförts med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Urvalet bestod av 7 män i åldern 18-20 år.

I denna undersökning behandlas kroppsideal på sociala medier med utgångspunkt från skolämnet Idrott och hälsa. Detta sker genom en diskursanalys på kroppsbilder för att se mönster i hur en hälsosam kropp framställs. Syftet är att undersöka, diskutera samt belysa de ideal och den syn på hälsa ungdomar kan möta på dessa sociala medier. De frågeställningar vi har är: ?Vilka diskurser kan identifieras i bilderna på sociala medier som hanterar kroppsideal och hälsa?? samt ?Utifrån ett makt- och genusperspektiv, vilka synsätt på kropp och hälsa kommer till uttryck i diskurserna som unga kan möta på de sociala medierna Instagram och Tumblr??.

In this essay, the aim is to empirically and theoretically study the parliamentary debate of the child pornography law. The empirical part is an attempt to discover eventual underlying gender stereotypes in the debate. A text analysis is conducted with material consisting of motions from members of parliament and of protocols from the parliamentary debate. In this material we try to find latent and manifest expressions of gender stereotypes. There are several stereotypes, which effects the argumentation and prejudice of the debate, like stereotypes of the victims, the perpetrators and their characteristics.

This essay is about democracy and how a democracy index can be used as a tool to illustratethe gap between reality and ideal. The purpose of this study can be expressed by two researchquestions: Does the Economist Intelligence Unit's (EIU) democracy index illustrate thedistance between reality and the ideal of democracy presented by Dahl? and Can the EIU'sdemocracy index be modified by a) internal adjustments and b) using the variables includedin World Economic Forum?s (WEF) equality index?By using a combination of theories (Dahl?s theory of democracy, Rawls theory of justice andchosen theories critical to liberal democracy) as an analytical framework the following twoquestions have been answered:1) Which of the variables included in the EIU's democracy index have the potential to capturethe level of political equality?2) Which of the variables included in the WEF?s equality index have the potential to capturethe degree of political equality?By using a quantitative method the study?s third and last question has been answered:3) How strong is the rank correlation between the EIU?s democracy index and the WEF?sequality index, that is; how strong is the rank correlation coefficient (rho)?The data presented by the WEF?s equality index indicate that women are systematicallydiscriminated against as a group. From a democratic perspective the EIU may need tomeasure inequalities at a group level in order to capture the lack of political equality betweenindividuals. By reformulating some of the EIU?s variables, by revising the EIU?s point systemand by using the variables included in the WEF's equality index to extend EIU?s democracyindex, the chances of capturing the gap between reality and the ideal of democracy presentedby Dahl would likely increase..

This essay aims to explore the philosophical meaning of the expression ?present and real? in Clara ? or, On Nature?s Connection to the Spirit World by F. W. J. Schelling.

I en värld där individer möts av mängder av ekonomiska begrepp och ekonomisk information dagligen har forskning visat att människor har svårt att engagera sig och ha den förståelse som krävs för att hantera sin egen privatekonomi. Begreppet ?Financial Literacy? nämns ofta som en förklaring till människors olika kunskapsnivå och förståelse. I människors yrkesmässiga roll tas denna förmåga ofta för given vara uppfylld. Denna uppsats har undersökt ekonomiska kunskaper och ekonomisk förståelse hos enskilda näringsidkare, en företagsform där privatekonomin och näringsverksamhetens ekonomi är nära sammankopplade.

Lately information- and communication technology (ICT) has been seen as an important tool to vitalize democracy. What kind of democracy it generates is however debateable. The objective with this thesis is therefore to examine what democratic ideal that dominates the use of ICT in Region Skåne and Västra Götalandsregionen and what kind of citizenship it brings. The two case studies were chosen because the Swedish regional level is facing a reorganization with democratic ambitions which in relation to ICT is fairly unexplored. To fulfil the objective there are two perspectives; e-democracy and e-administration, which are defined and integrated with democratic theory including Premfors´ "Fast, Strong and Thin" democratic ideals and Marshall´s three citizenship rights.

This essay is about democracy and how a democracy index can be used as a tool to illustratethe gap between reality and ideal. The purpose of this study can be expressed by two researchquestions: Does the Economist Intelligence Unit's (EIU) democracy index illustrate thedistance between reality and the ideal of democracy presented by Dahl? and Can the EIU'sdemocracy index be modified by a) internal adjustments and b) using the variables includedin World Economic Forum?s (WEF) equality index?By using a combination of theories (Dahl?s theory of democracy, Rawls theory of justice andchosen theories critical to liberal democracy) as an analytical framework the following twoquestions have been answered:1) Which of the variables included in the EIU's democracy index have the potential to capturethe level of political equality?2) Which of the variables included in the WEF?s equality index have the potential to capturethe degree of political equality?By using a quantitative method the study?s third and last question has been answered:3) How strong is the rank correlation between the EIU?s democracy index and the WEF?sequality index, that is; how strong is the rank correlation coefficient (rho)?The data presented by the WEF?s equality index indicate that women are systematicallydiscriminated against as a group. From a democratic perspective the EIU may need tomeasure inequalities at a group level in order to capture the lack of political equality betweenindividuals. By reformulating some of the EIU?s variables, by revising the EIU?s point systemand by using the variables included in the WEF's equality index to extend EIU?s democracyindex, the chances of capturing the gap between reality and the ideal of democracy presentedby Dahl would likely increase..

In Italy in 1528 the famous author Baldassare Castiglione published the book Il Cortegiano. In words Castiglione portraits the ideal courtiers and provides a lot of advice on how to achieve the ultimate courtier manner. For example he introduces and explains the words sprezzatura and grazia. His advice spread from Italy and influenced the courts around Europe. My purpose with this study has been two folded. Firstly, I have analysed Castigliones Il Cortegiano in order to examine his vision of virtues and ideals.

The aim of this study has been to examine, describe and analyze how masculinities can be represented and understood among boys in a Swedish primary school context. The study was conducted within a school located in a small community on the country side. Through the use of a qualitative research design we interviewed 13 boys from the fifth grade of this school, who all got to express and reason their perspectives of what it meant to them to be a boy in primary school and how that could impact their social life. For a wider understanding of the different dimensions of masculinity we used R.W. Connell's (2008) theoretical framework, hegemonic masculinity, which implies that there are multiple definitions of masculinities that are constructed in relation to each other in a hierarchical order.