Forskning om remitteringar och dess utvecklingseffekter tenderar att fokusera på världsdelar med en större relativ andel av remitteringar än Afrika, särskilt Asien och Sydamerika. Den inverkan som remitteringar har på ekonomisk utveckling och fattigdom i Afrika är ett relativt outforskat ämne. Denna systematiska forskningsöversikt syftar till att undersöka vilka utvecklingseffekter remitteringar har på fattigdomsminskning på hushållsnivå och nationell nivå samt ekonomisk utveckling på hushållsnivå och nationell nivå. Forskningsöversikten är en metod som används för att sammanfatta och utvärdera de resultat som framkommit i tidigare forskning. Resultaten visar att remitteringar bidrar till fattigdomsminskning på hushållsnivå men bidrar till en ökad ojämlikhet i inkomster.

The purpose of this essay is to review the Swedish international development cooperation carried out by Sida to control whether the implementation of the international aid is compatible with the policy. There are a lot of different ways to implement the economic aid that are being used by the donors today. The Swedish method has since the 1960s mainly been focused on attempting to diminish the poverty in the world. In the latest time another goal has been added, that is a focus on supporting the civil rights. This essay will be concentrated to aim on what kind of countries receiving aid from Sweden, and exactly why these countries are being chosen.The main question of this essay is: What countries are receiving the international developing aid, and how can this distribution be understood? To answer the main question there are two themes in the essay:? What kind of countries is supposed to receive developing aid from Sweden according to the policy?? What kind of countries is receiving the aid, and how can this be understood?This essay is mainly based on quantitative data obtained from Sida, together with index of corruption and poverty will the different types of Swedish cooperation countries be described.The conclusions of this essay are that there are two objectives of the policy: to fight poverty, and to strengthen the civil rights.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka vilken ekonomisk betydelse crowdfunding har för företag i uppstartsfasen när de är i behov av kapital. Det teoretiska perspektivet vi utgått ifrån är två teorier: det finansiella gapet och preferensordningen i pecking order teori. Detta för att se vilken ekonomisk betydelse crowdfunding har för att täcka det finansiella behovet och även se vart i preferens-ordningen denna finansieringsform hamnar. Det empiriska datainsamlingssätt denna studie använder sig av är två stycken intervjuer med öppna frågor. Empirin består av redovisning av intervjuer med två respondenter.

This thesis aims to explain the emergence of the Common Foreign and Security Policy of the European Union, and its institutional shaping, by using elements of Neofunctionalism and Liberal Intergovernmentalism.Using Neofunctionalism, the Common Foreign and Security Policy can be explained both as a side-effect of Europe's economic integration, and as a way to maintain the former and the European Union's position as an economic superpower. The institutional shaping is a result of lack of convergence between important national interests. Therefore it rests on a firm intergovernmental base, with rigorously limited use of supranational decision-making.For Liberal Intergovernmentalism, geopolitics and ideology, and to a certain level log-rolling, have played important roles. The reunification of Germany convinced France to form an alliance between the two countries. France, determined to achieve an economic and monetary union, thus offered Germany a political union, including a Common Foreign and Security Policy on intergovernmental terms.

The transport sector is one of the biggest pollutants in the European Union. In relation to transport policies and environmental policies, intermodal transportation solutions are of high relevance to establish a sustainable transport sector for the future. Intermodality which is defined as smooth transition between transport modes is a key figure for how modal shares are divided between the modes of transportation. The aim of this bachelor?s thesis is to examine the research gap whether policies intended for a specific transport mode affects each other in relation to EU policies intended for intermodality.

The purpose of this research is to identify how E-NGO and forest stakeholders, in the study referred to as non-state actors, have influenced the EU timber regulation; through participation and lobbyism towards the decision- makers (policy makers) at EU and national level, to achieve adjustments in the legislative text. The study also examines the relationships between the forest stakeholders, the E-NGOs and the EU-institutions, regarding communication, cooperation, informal and formal consultation where interviews were accomplished with decision-makers from the EU-institutions, forest stakeholders, E-NGOS and representatives from Swedish authorities that participated under the development of the EUTR during the period of 2008-2013. The participation and lobbying from non-state actors have most likely affected the outcome of the regulation, through alterations in the legislative text and through influencing the EU-institutions. Several factors that have affected the efficiency and timing of the influence have been identified through interviews as well as various approaches to influence the decision makers. The findings of the study may be useful for forest related interest groups that are involved in decision-making procedures at EU-level and as substance and material for further research in the subject of forest policy making at supranational level..

ABSTRACTD Level Essay in Political Science, Autumn Semester 2008 by Mattias Andersson. Tutor: Alf Sundin. ?The Swedish Centre Party and Nuclear Power. A Study of Change in a Political Party?The aim of this essay is to examine the policy of the Swedish Centre Party on nuclear power.

The aim of this study is to discuss the implementation of Swedish integration policy from the perspective that public officials, so called front-line bureaucrats, are the real creators of this policy. The concept of integration is far from unambigous; it can have different meanings depending on the theoretical perspective applied. This give topical interest to the question of how the concept is conceived on the national level versus the implementation level. I also aim to uncover how these front-line bureaucrats look upon their role as creators of integration policy. My material consists mainly of interviews with front-line bureauctrats.

This paper is a discourse analytic policy study with the intention to investigate the swedish government's policy action plan against prostitution and trafficking for sexual purposes. The document is called Handlingsplan mot prostitution och människohandel för sexuella ändamål. The purpose of the study is to investigate whether there is a feminist gender understanding taking place in the action plan. This is made by both see how the problem of prostitution is produced partly by examining whether there is a gender-based power analysis in action. The research questions of this study are:What is considered being the problem with prostitution and trafficking fosexual purposes?Is there a feminist gender understandning in the government's prostitution politics?To answer these questions I use Carol Bacchis method Whats the problem represented to be? And the material being used is the government's actionplan.

Uppsatsen undersöker förekomsten av politiska budgetcykler i Sverige under perioden 1973 till 2002. En politisk budgetcykel sägs uppkomma om regeringen, med hjälp av till buds stående finanspolitiska instrument, systematiskt försöker expandera ekonomin under valår, i syfte att maximera andelen röster vid riksdagsvalen. I den modell som utgör undersökningens teoretiska ram, ursprungligen utarbetad av Kenneth Rogoff, betraktas valårens expansiva ekonomiska politik som en signal till väljarkåren att regeringen är kompetent nog att fortsätta regera. Den empiriska undersökningen genomförs i två steg. Först skattas en popularitetsfunktion, som granskar hur regeringens popularitet påverkas av ekonomiska faktorer.

Foreseeing future changes in economic activity is of up most importance to a wide array of actors. The time lag in the presentation of official GDP statistics means that to somewhat accurately capture a tendency of where the business cycle is heading one need turn to qualitative sentiment indicators such as Purchasing Managers? Index (PMI) and official sentiment indicators for valuable clues. This thesis uses in-sample and out-of-sample methods to evaluate how well PMI and official Business Tendency Surveys (BTS) in Sweden and Denmark fair against the year-on-year growth rate of industrial production. Moreover, various Swedish regional sentiment indicators get examined and a case study of the indicator for the Öresund region is performed.

Abstract Denna studie har vi ägnat åt att undersöka PRS-dokumenten, vilka innefattas under IMF och Världsbankens nya skuldreduceringsprogram som ska präglas av nationellt ägande, nationellt drivande och landsspecificering. Frågan vi ställt oss är om dessa dokument är landsspecifika eller om de är mer generellt utformade och då ej så anpassade till det enskilda landets förhållanden. Vi har även tagit del av den kritik som riktas mot PRS-initiativet och försökt utröna hur pass befogad denna är. Kritikerna menar bl.a. att PRS-initiativet endast är en fortsättning på tidigare strukturanpassningsprogram (framtagna av IMF och Världsbanken) och inte alls något nytt inom utvecklingsarbetet.

En ekonometrisk paneldata modell användes för att studera hur antalet förlorade QALYs skiljer sig beroende på valet av mätmetod. Data baserades på individer som skadats i trafiken och som retrospektivt värderat sin hälsorelaterade livskvalitet direkt före olycksfallet och vid olika tidpunkter efter olycksfallet. Tre olika mätmetoder användes: VAS, IHQL, och EuroQol. Förlorade QALYs beräknades för fyra subgrupper. För subgruppen ?svårt skadade/fullt friska före olyckan? var antalet förlorade QALYs störst (0,370) respektive minst (0,130) om det uppmätts med EuroQol respektive IHQL (relativ skillnad var 2,85).

The aim of this paper is to describe and explain which policy instruments for human rights (HR) the United States and the European Union use towards Burma and to examine the priority given to HR in their respective foreign policy. From the results of an empirical analysis this paper seeks to analyze the US and the EU as powers in the international system and aims to explain their behavior from this theoretical perspective. From the theoretical approaches used I conclude that these actors act in different ways regarding the Burmese issue. This is partially due to the structure of the international system. Both actors primarily use different forms of diplomatic tools and sanctions to try to force change for HR in Burma.

Kolonisationen har format ma?nga la?nder, men i vilken utstra?ckning? Detta a?r ett aktuellt a?mne eftersom kolonialism fortfarande finns idag. I den ha?r uppsatsen underso?ks da?rfo?r kolonisationens pa?verkan pa? ekonomisk utveckling. Med hja?lp av tva?rsnittsdata och OLS-regressioner visar resultatet att brittiska kolonier i va?rlden, relativt franska kolonier, i genomsnitt haft ho?gre BNP per capita a?r 2000 och att detta tycks bero pa? skillnader i humankapital, demokrati och institutioner.