Bakgrund: Om VaR kan estimeras väl med hjälp av ES-metodik, kan man få bukt med VaR-måttets brist på sudadditivitet (vilken innebär dels praktiska problem vid utformning av finansiella organisationers limitstrukturer, dels teoretiska problem i enlighet med Artzner et al (1997, 1999)) samtidigt som man uppfyller det formella kravet på att rapportera sitt VaR på 99 %:snivån. Syfte: Att undersöka hur väl ES ? estimerat på olika konfidensnivåer och med olika metoder ? duger till att skatta en banks 99 %:s-VaR. Metod: Två ES-metoders och sex VaR-metoders förmåga ? både avseende frekvens (Kupiec-test) och oberoende (eget längsta-följd-test) ? att skatta 99 %:s-VaR utvärderas och jämförs.

Ett konsultföretag får in anbudsförfrågningar och måste därmed göra kalkyler för dessa förfrågningar. Med hjälp av ett webbaserat system där en anställd kan göra kalkyleringar kan företaget få ett gemensamt sätt att arbeta och uppföljningen underlättas. Systemet som har skapats ger användare möjlighet att göra anbudskalkyler genom en överskådlig och lättarbetad webbsida, där man kan se förhållandet mellan företagets kostnad gentemot kundpriset. All information lagras persistent i en databas för att möjliggöra uppföljning och synkronisering med andra system som används på företaget..

The high debt levels experienced in European Countries have lead to academic interest in the deficit bias -the tendency for governments to run budget deficits and accumulate debt. In part one of this thesis a surveyof the economic literature on the origins and solutions to the deficit bias are conducted. The proposedinstitutional solution to the deficit bias in the form of Fiscal Policy Councils (FPC) are outlined and existingEuropean FPCs presented. Based on the works of Calmfors and Wren-Lewis (2011) the EuropeanCommission (EC) is defined as an FPC. Based on this survey, two hypothesis are formulated: (1) theforecasts of future macro-economic events and fiscal performance will differ between the national FPCs andthe national government.

The purpose of this project was to further develop and complete a quadcopter that had been built in an earlier course at KTH, so that it could be used for demonstration and education at the school. The quadcopter was at the beginning of the project completed when it came to hardware, and there was some software functionality implemented but no system for automatic stabilization. The main goal of the project was to implement such a system, and to combine it with the previous functionality to make the quadcopter operable and able to fly. To create a functioning and stable ground multiple basic software features has been implemented, and on top of that additional software to improve the safety, stability and functionality. The most important part is the control system that is responsible for converting sensor and control signals to suitable motor values.

sustainable development by reducing the energy use by EU:s directive of energy efficiency and the UN Convention. The second purpose is to present the technical solutions regarding ventilation and heating system that is being used in passive houses. This was done using 8 passive houses, 4 germany and 4 swedish passive houses. Even the international and Swedish system requirements for passive houses have been addressed in this project. The goal was also to explain how and why the mechanical system in passive houses has developed to the technology used today.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the possible effects of an unstable ventilation system and its influence on energy use and thermal comfort. The report also explores how qualified personal working with HVAC view and handles system control.In order to meet the requirements in energy efficiency and a comfortable indoor climate control regulation is a prerequisite. With optimized increased complexity of the climate systems, it becomes more challenging to control the system and the risk of unstable control increases. No previous studies about what affect an unstable system can have on energy use and thermal comfort have been found.The report is based on several tests were the controlling variable has been increased until the system becomes unstable. Two different types of unstable systems have been investigated.

"Food security is a situation that exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to sufficient, safe and nutritious food that meets their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy life" (FAO Summit, 2003, pp. 28).Food insecurity is of concern regarding the Republic of Mauritius (ROM) since it is defined as a net food importing country. (Farming news, 2008). The impacts of climate change followed by their complexity could potentially have an increased risk effect upon the social and environmental welfare as well as the economic drivers in the ROM (www, UNESCO1, 2009). The primary victims when it comes to the impacts of climate change are the Mauritian agricultural producers since agriculture is highly dependent on climate stability, therefore affecting the yields of the producers.

The increasing complexity in the development of a configurable real-time system has emerged new principles of software techniques, such as aspect-oriented software development and component-based software development. These techniques allow encapsulation of the system's crosscutting concerns and increase the modularity of the software. The properties of a component that influences the systems performance or semantics are specified separately in entities called aspects, while basic functionality of the property still remains in the component. When building a real-time system, different sets of configurations of aspects and components can be combined, resulting in different configurations of the system. The temporal behavior of the system changes and a way to ensure the predictability of the system is needed.

The globalization of political and economic processes is a growing moral concern for theologians and political philosophers alike. My thesis aims to outline, analyze, and compare church studies of globalization with global theories of justice.To do this, I draw upon recent studies of globalization made by the World Council of Churches (WCC) and the Lutheran World Federation (LWF). The WCC and LWF are two global reaching church organizations. They have a common aim of uniting churches for ecumenical dialogue and are involved in social, economic, political, and ecological questions. The WCC and LWF analyze globalization by applying biblical and theological principles from the Christian tradition.

I föreliggande studie undersöks hur användare upplever användbarheten i ett säkerhetskritiskt system ? Luftfartsverkets flygledningssystem SIGMA. Utifrån litteraturstudier definieras begreppen användbarhet och säkerhetskritiska system. Empirin utgörs av intervjuer med användare av SIGMA-systemet. Studien visade att användarna upplever att systemet i väsentliga delar har bra användbarhet, vilket utifrån litteraturstudier, intervjuer och efterföljande analys främst tycks bero på att systemet arbetats fram med stor användarmedverkan och att det var utarbetat specifikt för arbetsplatsen.

This master thesis work was done at Saab Underwater Systems AB, a company at the cutting edge of underwater technology. Here torpedoes and other underwater vehicles are developed and manufactured. The major customers are navies of different countries, mostly the Swedish navy. The aim of this master thesis is to develop, construct and evaluate an automatic Trim System for Unmanned Underwater Vehicles. The task of the system is to change the position of the centre of mass and the vehicle?s total mass or volume.

During the last 20 years, the Swedish health care system has faced major changes. One of them is the increasing pressure to generate economic profit due to private businesses entering the market. Health care units are forced to make some structural changes in order to become effective and efficient. As a result merger and acquisitions has become a part of the health care sector, and seems to be an increasing phenomenon. Mergers and acquisitions have mainly been studied in the industry.

Elever ska enligt kursplanerna i teknik få förståelse för de tekniska system de möter i sitt dagliga liv. Genom att eleverna får kunskap om teknik i allmänhet och tekniska system i synnerhet får de möjlighet att påverka sina liv som medborgare i en demokrati. I litteraturen saknas idag studier om elevers uppfattningar om tekniska system. Syftet med detta examensarbete är därför att studera vilka vardagsuppfattningar elever har om de tekniska system de möter i vardagen. Studien utgår från systemteori vilken ger en möjlighet att utnyttja det gemensamma mönster som kännetecknar analys av system.

Computer based information systems play an important role in modern military combat vehicles. The crew needs to be able to quickly get information about both the vehicle and its outer surroundings in order to quickly make the correct decisions. In this report, we describe the development of a prototype new information system for the BvS10 vehicle, manufactured by BAE System Hägglunds AB in Örnsköldsvik.An important aspect of the system is the time it takes from the point that the information is generated by the vehicle sensors until it is presented to the user. The system must be able to ensure that it never displays information that is out of date. Thus, it is important to create a layer and component based architecture for the solution, making it possible to control, in detail, the information?s age as it moves through the system.

Prognostisering av makroekonomiska variabler är betydelsefullt för många individer i en ekonomi, inte enbart för politiska beslutsfattare. Samtliga beslut som tas i ekonomiska sammanhang grundar sig på våra framtida förväntningar om variablerna och kommer ständigt att vara förknippade med osäkerhet eftersom framtiden obönhörligen är oviss. För att underlätta beslutsfattande är det därmed nödvändigt att vidareutveckla metoder för att generera prognoser som är så tillförlitliga och rättvisande som möjligt. Bland de viktigare prognoserna är de som visar framtida inflationsförväntningar eftersom dessa tillsammans med den faktiska inflationen påverkar hur Riksbanken sätter styrräntan. Inflationsnivån och förväntningar på denna är något som påverkar såväl relationen arbetsgivare- arbetstagare som relationen långivare- låntagare.Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka om prognostisering av den svenska inflationen kan förbättras dels genom att använda ett mått på BNP-gap som förklarande variabel, dels genom att tillämpa en metod för interceptjustering.