Denna uppsats analyserar dynamiken i orderflödet i limitorderboken på Stockholmsbörsen utifrån unika data som gjorts tillgängliga tack vare ett samarbete mellan SIX AB och Lunds Universitet. Studien finner att så väl orderläggning som handel på Stockholmsbörsen uppvisar ett kraftigt autokorrelerat mönster vilket ligger i linje med vad tidigare studier funnit på andra börser. Resultat från tidigare teoretiska analyser finner att bid-ask spreaden snabbt återvänder till sitt jämviktsläge efter temporära fluktuationer d v s mean reversion. Detta resultat bekräftas empiriskt i denna studie. Vidare analyseras även utbudet och efterfrågan av likviditet samt dess relation till orderbokens tillstånd.

This is a study of foster homes. The focus is at the methods, used at foster homes evaluations and at guidance/support the foster homes are offered.En questionnaire is made in Skåne, on this theme.Except that, it contains a fairly lot of useful information for families who are interested in becoming foster home.The questionnaire is made among public and private participants who evaluates new foster homes and places children (under 18 years) in Skåne.Because of the low answer frequency, we can?t generalize the result of the questionnaire. But the result we have obtained indicates that Kälvestens evaluation method is used frequently.In the subject of support/guidance we can?t see any specific methods used.

Det här examensarbetet är en internrapport för Lantmäteriet med fokus på framtida supportverksamhet med anledning av resultaten från projekten Svensk geoprocess och HMK. Rapporten klarlägger och visar på områden och frågeställningar att beakta för att vidareutveckla den befintliga supportverksamheten att vara en del av den support som svarar upp mot nya krav och förändringar.Rapporten ger en kort beskrivning om hur Support och rådgivning ges idag, bl.a. BAL-supporten. Samverkansprojektet Svensk geoprocess och HMK förklaras och hur de kan komma att påverka dagens Support och Rådgivning.En omorganisation inom Lantmäteriets division Informationsförsörjning måste beaktas samt även att knyta ytterligare kunniga i geodata och IT till supporten för att kunna ge god service åt användare och producenter. Eftersom supporten kommer att handlägga många nya delar behöver personalen ha god kunskap om de förändringar som införs och anammas inom kommunerna och Lantmäteriet med anledning av projekten Svensk geoprocess och HMK.

It has been shown in various research contexts that action programs do not always work as they should, even though there are clear guidelines on how the action programs should be designed and used. The aim of this study is to illustrate which processes that occur before an action program as well as how these processes lead to action that will give the student the support he or she needs. Through qualitative interviews with eight teachers, I have tried to answer the questions that I created. I have tried to answer my research questions that I have made based on the purpose. The questions are; What type of inquiry will be done if a student risk to not reach the knowledge goals? How will the inquiry support the action program? In what way does the action program support pupils in special needs? The result of my survey show that the survey being done for an action program is very individual-focused and that the mapping rarely shows on the teachers role or school environment to students who fall into special needs.

By means of group contributions the legislator has made it easier for company groups to transfer profits from a parent company to a subsidiary. A parent company can choose to reconstruct by acquire a company, create a subsidiary or perform a partial fission. The choice can affect the possibility for a parent company to perform a group contribution with deduction right.The parent company has to own more than 90 percent of the subsidiary?s shares for a whole taxation year or since the subsidiary began to carry out any economic activity in order to perform group contributions with deduction right. If a subsidiary is acquired, it has to be owned for a whole taxation year before group contributions with deduction right can be made, unless the acquired company never has carried out any economic activity before.

Det idag väldigt populära riskmåttet Value-at-Risk (VaR) kan beräknas på många olika sätt. En metod som använder sig av extremvärdesteori (EVT) för att estimera VaR utvecklades under 1990-talet som ett alternativ till de traditionella VaR metoderna. EVT fokuserar på fördelningens svans, eftersom det är här de extrema observationerna uppträder. I denna studie undersöker vi hur framgångsrik extremvärdesmetoden är när det kommer till att estimera VaR för råvaror, en typ av tillgång som karakteriseras av att vara extremt volatil och därmed speciellt svår att riskbedöma. Våra resultat pekar på att extremvärdesteorin erbjuder ett intressant alternativ när man önskar att estimera VaR för volatila råvaror.

The rise in prevalence and severity of obesity and related diseases imposes increasing costs on society. The objective of this thesis is to discuss and estimate the possible effects of a so-called fat tax as a tool for minimizing these costs. Two alternatives for differentiation of the value-added tax (VAT) on food are compared. The first alternative is an increase of the VAT levied on food containing saturated fatty acids. The second alternative is a subsidy on fruit and vegetables in the form of a VAT at zero percent, instead of today?s twelve percent.

The aims of the practical work carried out for this thesis were to redesign a clinical decision support system for thoracic surgeons, called AssistMe, and to evaluate the concept behind this system. The main objective of the thesis is to give an account of the considerations that were found to be of key importance for designing a clinical decision support system for thoracic surgery. Another aim was to let future users test the system after it had been redesigned and evaluate the concept behind it. The thesis also investigates users? experience of the system and their views on whether it would be applicable in their daily work practice.

More people are likely to be diagnosed with cancer and the number of people living with cancer is expected to increase, which means that patients live longer with cancer and different treatments. All patients in Sweden should have access to a nurse navigator to facilitate the cancer trajectory. The purpose of this literature review was to delineate patients' experiences of the care given by the nurse navigator. The result is based upon twelve scientific articles included in this review. The results show that the experiences of the patients can be divided into four different categories: emotional support- being present and offering supportive talks, support for physical symptoms- counseling and relief from symptoms due to illness and treatments, educational support- receiving information and knowledge about the disease and cancer trajectory and coordination support- collaboration with other healthcare professionals involved in patients´care.

The objective of this study was to examine how an IT department has been affected by the changes of increased local usage of IT, and how the usage have affected municipalities IT departments demands of IT support. In the study we explore how both the IT department and the IT support works by interviewing present and former employees at the local IT department. The current IT department have undergone a series of local changes over the last 20 years, the department has gone from only having internal users to getting the entire municipalitiy?s agencies of IT as users. It started with how the municipality began to dig down fiber optic cable in the middle of the 1990?s, and today has started to develop solutions as to how to meet the demands of future usage of IT.

I denna uppsats undersöks om det förekommer fiskal illusion i det svenska pensionssystemet. Fiskal illusion innebär att en felaktig bild av sambandet mellan kostnader och förmåner i det offentliga systemet uppstått hos medborgarna. Vi utreder vad en sådan illusion kan bero på, vilken betydelser den har och vilka åtgärder som kan vidtas för att minska den. Det framkommer att fiskal illusion existerar och att den till stor del beror på utformningen av pensionsavgifterna. Framförallt är det uppdelningen i en arbetsgivaravgift och en egenavgift, samt att båda betalas in av arbetsgivaren som leder till oklarheter.

Through an internship at a nonprofit organization called ATSUB[1], specialized at giving support to non-offending parents to sexually abused children, one of the authors to this study found that there was a lack of care for the parents by governmental operations. While studying the previous research we found a great deficiency when it came to non-offending parents and far most about non-offending fathers. We found studies proving that the child?s non-offending parents are the best support for the child during their healing process. Research also shows that parents must be able to get good support and treatment during their crisis for the parents to be able to support the child, since they?re also in great despair over their child being sexually abused.

This study describes how the women lived with breast cancer. The purpose with this study was to describe the womens' view on the disease and the understanding they hade on the social support they were depended on. The method was a study of literature with article reviews according to Polit et al., 2001. As theoretical frame of reference we choose Carnevalis model, Everyday life -Functional state of health. The result showed that the following four groups were formed: Support, positive and negative support off nursing staff and significant others.

I uppsatsen studerar jag hur Institutet för arbetsmarknadspolitisk utvärdering (IFAU) har följt upp och utvärderat det svenska friårsförsöket. Jag undersöker om deras tillvägagångssätt stämmer överens med hur man teoretiskt bör följa upp och utvärdera arbetsmarknadspolitiska program. Hemström med fleras (2002) ?Att följa upp och utvärdera arbetsmarknadspolitiska program? ligger som huvudsaklig teoretisk grund för studien. IFAU:s uppföljningar av friårsförsöket stämmer till stora delar överens med vad man bör ha med i enkla uppföljningar av program och de har även studerat hur implementeringsprocessen av friårsförsöket har gått till.

This is a qualitative study whit purpose of showing how teachers work whit students in need of special support in school. The purpose has been to study what teachers mean whit special aid, and if the support is individually adapted for each students needs. I have trougt interviews, observations and examinations of diverse documents found paradoxes where teachers and the scool leaders claim that they work whit the integration of all the students at school, while the teality shows a different picture. I have found a clear segregation of students, where they have on repeated occasions had to leave the classroom to receive tuition. The school stuff has a wide iiew of wich students are included in the term "students in need of special tuition".