The starting point of this study is theories of European integration, which are used to formulate different scenarios about the future of the European Union. This is made in regards to the eurocrisis which has intensified the discussion about how to change the construction of the euro to overcome the economic difficulties that has arisen. In this study, four different scenarios are presented: "An updated Europe", "A new Europe", "The death of the euro" and "Goodbye Greece". The first two scenarios takes its starting point in the neofunctionalist theory of European integration and describes how the EU might increase its level of integration in different ways. We can either see a development where the EU tries to improve the implementation of the rules that are meant to coordinate the member states? economic policy, or we might encounter a more advanced integration where fiscal policy competences are transferred to the EU-level.The latter scenarios, however, takes another theory in to account, liberal intergovernmentalism, and describes how the eurozone might be fragmented in different ways due to conflicts of interest between lenders and countries that has to receive loan-packages.

Social inequality, economic imbalances and greenhouse gas emissions are some of the greatest risks threatening society today. Society has become more aware of these risks and has started to demand firms to take more responsibility. During the last 30 years firms and mainly large firms has chosen to work with something called CSR. CSR stands for Corporate Social Responsibility which is the work firms engage with to take responsibility for environment and society as a whole. Scientists and business people has taken two sides towards CSR, one side argues that CSR cost more than it tastes and the other side argues that firms which engage with CSR will gain economic benefits.

Urbanization and the flight of the creative class drains the countryside when it comes to creativity and talent. Especially the young leave sleepy societies. Richard Florida claims that the city attracts the creative class and enables for economic growth to flourish. Robert Putnam adds to the picture by saying social capital might be equally effective as nourishment for growth. In Uddebo, a rural village in the south of Sweden one combines the two creating a vivid society where creativity flies high and ideas fertilize each other?s.

The study aims to investigate the feasibility of small-scale electricity production with solar electricity systems, also known as PV (photovoltaic) systems, in Australia. Due to the global warming, sustainable energy has in recent years become an increasingly important issue, both internationally and in Australia. With one of the largest dependencies on fossil energy sources in the world, the country's abundant solar radiation is a possible solution to this issue.Both the technical and the economic feasibility of small-scale PV systems were investigated. On the technological side, the electricity generation, distribution and consumption systems were studied. On the economical side, the parameters that drive the profitability of a PV investment were investigated.

Uppsatsen syftar till att belysa det allmänna pensionssystemets ekonomiska incitament till förlängt arbetskraftsdeltagande. Vidare undersöks huruvida pensionssystemet är försäkringsmässigt. För att synliggöra de ekonomiska incitamenten görs en jämförelse med det gamla pensionssystemet. Det allmänna pensionssystemets ekonomiska incitament belyses med följande ekonomiska mått: pensionsförmögenhet, förmånsvärde, toppvärde och ersättningskvot. Valet mellan pension och ökat konsumtionsutrymme åskådliggörs i en nyttofunktionsmodell.

If an enterprise lacks capital it might be in desperate need of capital contribution to avoid liquidation. One solution to restore the economic balance, is to construct a contract in which the enterprise ensures that capital contribution will be made on given conditions. The purpose with this thesis is to analyze different ways to establish such agreements.A capital contribution can be triggered by a call-off from the board of directors to the contributor, or automatically, when the shareholders? equity falls below 50 percent of the registered capital stock. In the literature, the latter is represented as the most adaptable.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the democratization process in Kurdistan on the basis of consolidation democracy with focus on arenas defined by Linz and Stepan (1997), namely economic, political, legal, civil society and arenas of state bureaucracy. Furthermore, I intend to explain Kurdistan?s road toward democratization in Kurdistan from 1991 until today, with a focus on the years 2003-2012. The main results are that Kurdistan has developed conditions that support a future consolidation of democracy. However, there are weaknesses in the economic situation, rule of law and the arena of bureaucracy.

In this thesis, two studies with different drills were included. In one of the studies two drills were compared: Väderstad Rapid and Väderstad Spirit. In the other study various drills for direct drilling were compared. The study with Rapid and Spirit was placed in two locations with different autumn tillage; one on ploughed land in Uppsala and one on cultivated land in Västerås, both with relatively high clay content. Rapid drills have a single disc coulter, while the Spirit drills have a double disc coulter. Various aspects were compared such as aggregate distribution, seed placement, emergence, crop yield and economic outcome.

As of 2013, around 51 million people were living on the run, classified as refugees. One of the reasons the number has increased so much during the last years can be explained by the war in Syria. The aim of following study is to evaluate the impact the Syrian refugee flow has had on the Turkish society up until today, seeing the consequences of economic, political and social impact made on the Turkish society. Due to these chosen aspects the study will be concentrated only on the changes in the Turkish society brought about accordance with economic, political and social effects. What is desirable is to achieve greater understanding of the positive and negative aspects of refugee flows on host countries.

Fruktsamheten i Sverige har följt den ekonomiska konjunkturen under de senaste decennierna. Detta till trots att en period av arbetslöshet har en positiv inverkan på individens sannolikhet att föda barn. Syftet med den här uppsatsen är att ta reda på vilka som föder färre barn när arbetsmarknadsläget försämras. Syftet är också att ta reda på om de minskade fruktsamhetstalen leder till en långvarig minskning i födelsetalen eller om barnafödandet hinner återhämta sig då det är bättre tider. För att analysera efterfrågan på barn används teorier om den totala efterfrågan på barn samt teorier om den optimala tidpunkten att skaffa barn.

Our social lives and where we live shape our choices in life. One of those choices is which party we vote for in the general election. The aim of this thesis is to see if there are any connections between the Swedish general election of 2010, demography, socioeconomic factors and geography. This is done with regression analysis and chosen variables. Another aim is to see where in Sweden the chosen variables aren?t enough to explain the results of the election.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka den svenska regleringen på spelmarknaden inom Sveriges gränser. Dels vilket motiv som ligger bakom regleringen och vad det har fått för effekter på marknaden och samhället. Detta jämförs med om man skulle ha haft en helt oreglerad marknad med hjälp av grundläggande nationalekonomisk mikroekonomisk teori. Uppsatsens slutsatser är att regleringen motiveras främst av sociala skäl från statligt håll p g a av problemet med externa effekter, asymmetrisk information (konsumentsäkerhet) och ur omfördelningssynpunkt. Ett oreglerat tillstånd av marknaden har ett osäkert utfall vad gäller de externa effekterna men de skulle säkerligen öka.

For the past decades, culture has been given a role as a factor for local and regional development. But what is meant by development and in what ways culture can be of importance in this aspect can be unclear. This thesis examines the perception of the role for local and regional development of one specific cultural place and network ? the cultural cooperative Not Quite in Fengersfors, Sweden. I study the way the role as developer is expressed and interpreted in the discourse of the cultural workers who are members of the network and in the discourse of public cultural policy in the region Västra Götaland and in Åmål municipality.

Titel: Individuellt pensionssparande - Där förväntad avkastning inte kan förutspås Datum för seminarium: 1:a februari 2007 Ämne/Kurs. Finansiell ekonomi, kandidatuppsats 10p Författare: Charlotte Engqvist och Carolin Hellström Handledare: Hossein Asgharian, Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Ekonomihögskolan Lund Syfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka värdeutvecklingen hos ett antal portföljer som ärkonstruerade enligt bankernas rekommendationer för det individuella pensionssparandet. Vikten läggs på att med Value at Risk ta reda på ett möjligt sämsta utfall som är ett resultat av placering i olika risknivåer. Metod: Vi har för var och en av de tre utvalda bankerna utfört en simulering baserad utifrånderas rekommendationer. Hänsyn har tagits till individers olika riskbenägenhet samt en begränsad tidshorisont.

The tomato is an important crop worldwide, and in recent years it has received great attention due to its rich content of carotenoids, which in studies indicate to have health benefiting properties. Many studies have been done in this area of research and in how to optimize the carotenoid content in tomatoes and tomato products. The objectives of this essay were to summarize present data in this field. The results were as follows:There are nine different carotenoids identified in tomatoes. Lycopene and ?-carotene are the ones that have been given the greatest attention.