Frågeställningen som denna uppsats är avsedd att besvara är ifall offentlig sektor är tillväxthämmande för en stat, samt om en inkomstgaranti för individerna i en stat är tillväxthämmande. Denna frågeställning besvaras genom konstruerandet av en tillväxtmodell. Det nya elementet, som huvudsakligen är avsett för att klargöra effekterna av de studerade fenomenen, är införlivandet av en variabel som representerar interaktionsfrekvensen hos agenterna i ekonomin. Interaktionsfrekvensen är i sin tur ett resultat av dekommunikationsmedel som står agenterna till buds och hur mycket marknaden är reglerad. Den primära slutsatsen att dra från modellens dynamik är att en offentlig sektor har en negativinverkan på en stats ekonomiska tillväxt, om än validiteten i slutsatsen begränsas på grund av arbetets teoretiska karaktär..

For a long time economic tax equalization system in Sweden has been creating dispute between Swedish communities. Despite the main purpose of the system - to reduce disparities and create equal economic opportunities for all communities ? some regions were not satisfied.The main purpose of this study is to determine what extant has equalization tax on investment spending of Danderyd municipality during 2000-2010 year period. The study is based on annual reports and personal interviews. The theoretical frame of the investigation is founded on Fjertorp's classification of investments and public choice theory.The investigation shows that there were no significant changes neither in investment spending or equalization tax during 2000-2010 period, even after the last changes of economic tax equalizations system in 2005.

The deregulation during the last decade within the airline businesses have called upon a more fierce competition among airlines. This fact forces airlines to continuously focus on service development in order to offer attractive solutions to satisfy customers changing needs and stay competitive. This paper focuses on service development at Scandinavian Airlines. The aim of this case study is to examine the sources of information used in service development and new service development at Scandinavian Airlines. Further the aim is to examine whether information derived from customers can be shown to play a more important role in either service development or new service development.

Existing studies concerning private labels are unclear as to whether private label manufacturers carry out product development themselves. Furthermore, there is a lack of studies comparing product development processes in private label companies and national brand manufacturers. This study highlights a set of critical product development factors and assesses their prevalence in four different companies in the Swedish retail business. The study is based on a number of qualitative interviews with key personnel responsible for various table fats. Findings indicate two levels of involvement in the product development process on the private label side.

Urbanisation has increased the distance between the urban and the rural. Urban agriculture can be a solution to overcome that distance. The characteristic of urban agriculture is the intensive production in intra urban and peri-urban areas. Until 1950s food production in cities was an important part of the urban economy and the urban food supply. Since the 1950s the urban located production of food has almost ceased in Sweden, partly as a result of cheap food imports.

The measuring of logs is important in the sawmills process to the sawn products. The technology of automatic wood measurement is continuance developing. This study has the purpose to see how the different techniques and the routines works of measure frames for determining of wood value and sorting in sawmills. The study is performed as a literature study and a survey. The survey includes some of the Swedish sawmills that produce more than 10 000 cubic meters sawed products per year.

Uppsatsen ger historiska perspektiv och ekonomiska analyser av samband mellan ekonomisk utveckling och ojämlikhet. Den teoretiska utgångspunkten är två artiklar av Oded Galor och Omer Moav som utarbetat formella modeller för analys av ojämlikhetens inverkan på tillväxten, med betoning på humankapitalets ökade betydelse i ekonomins senare utvecklingsstadier. Den empiriska undersökningen som författarna gör i artikeln ?Das Human- Kapital: A Theory of the Demise of the Class Structure? för England, är mallen för uppsatsen. Resultaten av den empiriska studien för Sverige ligger i linje med Galor och Moavs slutsatser för England men ett särskilt svenskt utvecklingsmönster spåras..

Syftet med studien är att undersöka om det kan skapas fler arbetstillfällen inom forskning och utveckling på den nationella arbetsmarknaden när hela eller delar utav den inhemska produktionen flyttar utomlands. För att undersöka varför företag flyttar sin produktion utomlands har jag tagit mig till hjälp av fem fallföretag. Vidare har jag undersökt vilka länder företagen väljer att flytta till samt de faktorer som påverkar beslutet. Avslutningsvis har jag genom en modifierad version av Romers modell undersökt om fler arbetstillfällen inom forskning och utveckling kan skapas när produktionen flyttar utomlands..

Denna uppsats studerar huruvida internationell diversifiering medför några vinster gentemot att följa en inhemsk strategi. Genom analys av dels sverigefonder och dels globalfonder slås det fast att så är fallet. En internationell strategi medför en lägre risk än en sverigekoncentrerad. Uppsatsen undersöker också fenomenet Home Bias, d.v.s. den snedvridning som innebär att en allt för stor andel av kapitalet placeras i hemlandet.

The aim of this paper is to analyze aid, grouped into sectors, and its effect on growth in developing countries, to find out which type of aid has had the most positive effect on growth. We compiled a regression analysis based on panel data over 81 developing countries from 1975-1999. In our first regression we considered and group countries by institutional quality, in the other we considered and group countries after regional differences. As a measure on institutional quality we used the KKZ-index. The principal aim of this paper was to find out what kind of aid is the most efficient in its influence on growth in LDC?s.

The purpose of this Master?s thesis is to describe and analyse the development of the public and the study circle libraries in the district of Kolbäck during the period of 1913-1954. The factors important for the library development described in sub-questions are: financing, locality, staffing, stock of books, book-lending level and uniting district effects. I use a hermeneutic interpretation model of interaction between the parts and the wholes, between reasons and results. This research leans mainly upon material which is sent to be deposited in archives in Hallstahammar, Västerås and Grängesberg.

The Vaxholm conflict was initiated when the Swedish Trade Union for Construction Workers shut down a construction site in order to prevent a Latvian construction company to build a school after the two parties had failed to agree upon a collective agreement in compliance with Swedish regulations. An emotional public debate followed that resulted in a discussion of the proposal for the Services Directive of the EU, based upon the country-of-origin principle. In this thesis we will analyze whether the country-of-origin principle or the country-of-destination principle is best suited to capture the gains-of-trade that the common market hoards and improve welfare within the EU. We conclude that the country-of-origin principle is the more apt of the two, though it leads to some short-run costs such as structural unemployment. But these will be more than outweighed by the gains in aggregate welfare for the EU in the long run..

AbstractThe aim of this study is to investigate the implementation process and the implementation steering of the social development aspects, gender equality and integration, in the program for regional development of the region Kronoberg in the period of 2004-2007.The study asks three questions: 1) How have the social development aspects, gender equality and integration, been implemented in the program for regional development of the region Kronoberg? 2) What has facilitated or hindered the implementation of the two social development aspects? 3) What possibilities to steer the implementation process of the two social development aspects exist at the governmental and at the regional level?In order to answer these questions a qualitative method has been used. To be able to analyse the empirical material, which consists of documents and interviews, the theoretical framework comprehends the policy process and implementation steering. The conclusion is that the incorporation of the social development aspects in the regional development program does not fully correspond with the central intentions, and that is due to circumstances at the regional level..

Denna uppsats behandlar det kommunala utjämningssystemet. Dagens system består av en inkomstutjämningsdel, kostnadsutjämningsdel, ett strukturbidrag och en regleringspost, som antingen kan bli bidrag eller avgift beroende på hur mycket pengar staten anslår till systemet. Till detta har använts teorin om konkurrensproblemet, olika teorier om vad kommunerna bör göra, varför kommunerna bör finnas och hur de skall finansiera verksamheten. Två kommuner har valts ut, Vellinge och Trelleborg, för att i två fallstudier studera effekten av systemet för den enskilda kommunen. Slutsatsen är att i dagsläget behövs utjämningssystemet för annars träder konkurrensproblemet till.

Debate over Intellectual Property Rights ?IPRs? particularly patent and copyrights is mainly on forward-looking industries in computer software. As part of a trade deal reached in 1994, the member nations of the World Trade Organisation must adhere to a global agreement known as TRIPS, for the Trade- Related Aspect of Intellectual Property Rights.This study is to analyse the ethical conception of Intellectual Property Rights and in particular its implications on the developing countries in relation to TRIPS. The approach will be to analyse a broad philosophical theories of property to see if there is any justification for a software program to be treated as private property and also argue base on John Rawls two principles of justice in relation to TRIPS Agreement. Some reflections will be put on the use of open-source software by less developing countries.From the study it was asserted that, strong IPRs protection would hinder technological transfer and indigenous learning activities in the early stage of industrialisation when learning takes place through reverse engineering.