Today adjustments on the pricing of internal transactions between multinational enterprises can lead to economic double taxation for the involved companies. This circumstance will result in an obstacle for private enterprising on the international market. Rules regarding corresponding adjustments and the mutual agreement procedure, that is used to eliminate economic double taxation, are today not sufficient tools to achieve this purpose. Consequently, changes regarding these rules should be implemented.The main reason for why economic double taxation is not put right is the competent authorities? inability to reach a suitable solution for the dispute.

Den här uppsatsen undersöker om IMF, genom sitt agerande under den finansiella krisen i Indonesien 1997-1998 gav upphov till moral hazard. Problemet analyseras dels kvalitativt genom att titta närmare på de förväntningar som IMF hade på den indonesiska staten och jämföra dessa med den faktiska utgången. Den kvantitativa analysen baserar sig på den monetära betalningsbalansteorin. Genom att observera förändringar i den inhemska kreditexpansionen mäts huruvida den indonesiska penningpolitiken var expansiv eller åtstramande. Såväl den kvalitativa som den kvantitativa analysen visar att IMF bidrog till att moral hazard uppstod..

Detta arbete syftar till att ta reda på om svenska fondförvaltare har förmågan att prognostisera aktiemarknadens framtida rörelser samt utvärdera vilken betydelse tidsperioden för avkastningsdata har i en sådan undersökning. En empirisk analys av 30 Sverigefonder med två statistiska modeller med dagliga och månatliga avkastningsdata ger dock inga stöd till att svenska fondförvaltare som grupp har denna förmåga. Från analysen visas det även att valet av statistisk modell och tidsperiod för dataobservationerna påverkar resultatet. För den svenska marknaden ger månatlig data mer trovärdiga resultat än daglig data, vilket avviker från tidigare amerikanska studier..

In this bachelor thesis my main purpose is to examine the ethical legitimacy of economic sanctions, by assessing the humanitarian consequences this type of actions create. I will do this by a closer examination of the two historic cases of South Africa and Haiti. The humanitarian consequences will then be measured against my chosen theories, to help answer my main questions. The theories I have been working with is the broader interpretation of the just-war theory; the just-sanctions theory, and two major metaethical theories.The result I found after the finished examination of the chosen cases, are that economic sanctions and morality doesn?t necessarily match.

IKT (Informations- och Kommunikationsteknologi) är något som idag präglar vårt samhälle vilket leder till att dess användningsområden numera enbart begränsas av vår egen fantasi. Att använda IKT vid kriser ser vi idag som en självklarhet, men hur ser egentligen användningen av IKT ut före, under och efter en kris ut bland kommunala skolor?Studies resultat, som baserats på svar från två kommuner belägna i olika delar av Sverige, visar att kommunala regleringar och policys till stor del styr hur IKT används vid krissituationer. Kommunen säger att all officiell information skall publiceras via deras hemsida, vilket begränsar i vilken utsträckning skolan kan använda IKT i krissituationer. Resultat av studien visar också att det är främst verktygen som personalen använder i det vardagliga arbetet som också används till hjälp i krisarbetet och att sociala medier används i viss mån..

Bachelor essay in political science by Linus Johansson, fall of 2006?Aid and corruption: How do aid donors handle the corrupt regimes??.Supervisor: Jan Olsson.The purpose of this essay is to describe the aid relation between donors and corruptgovernments, to find out whether donors reckon on the problems with implementation of aidto corrupt governments when they decree their aid policy. There are a lot of different ways toimplement the economic aid that are being used by the donors today, and this essay will try toexemplify the different methods of implementing the economic aid. To elucidate the relationbetween donors and corrupt regimes, the essay analyzes three themes: the first two questionsare about the policies used by the donors, and the third question are used to shed light on theactual implementation of aid to corrupt governments. The three themes are: i) Different aidpolicies used by the donors ii) Do donors use particular policies against corrupt regimes? iii)Do corrupt regimes receive less foreign aid? This study stresses the fact that donors do notact like a group unit in the matter of development assistance policy, instead they act inseveral separate groups, this may complicate the endeavour of making economic aid effective.The conclusion of the essay is that corrupt governments are treated the same way that lesscorruptedgovernment are, nothing today indicates that donors would give less economic aidto the corrupt regimes.

In a time of economic turmoil and financial crisis profitability matters rise higher and higher on company agendas. Many companies are pressured to find profitability to avoid layoffs or even bankruptcy. Profitability essentially depends on the margin on the product or service sold and the costs associated with selling these products or services and hence these areas are of vital importance if companies are to improve profitability. Previous research has focused, for the most part, on product profitability while customer profitability has received less attention. This study is based on a case study of a Swedish publishing house and aims to investigate how the company?s Cost-to-Serve varies between its distribution channels.

Många ekonomiskt intresserade människor tror fortfarande att de finansiella marknaderna är effektiva såsom Fama:s (1970) hypotes om effektiva marknader förutspår. Insikten om att insatta nationalekonomer idag har en helt annan uppfattning och att forskningen mer och mer visar på en annan bild, har dock svårt att spridas.I denna uppsats ges en grundlig beskrivning av var forskningen står idag. Dessutom görs en empirisk momentumstudie på den svenska aktiemarknaden, vilket visar sig bli ännu ett bevis på att marknaderna inte alltid är så effektiva som det påstås. Resultatet bekräftar att man genom att köpa tidigare vinnare kan tjäna riskjusterad överavkastning på de finansiella marknaderna..

This study aims to analyse the connection between poverty reduction and sustainable development through strategies used for the reduction of poverty. With the methodology of content analysis of three policy documents to provide and easy overview of how the government of Ethiopia is planning to achieve sustainable and long-term poverty alleviation. The focus of this study will be on Ethiopia, a country with very high economic growth in the past years but still with hight poverty rates. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the already existing and broad knowledge and research of sustainable development and poverty alleviation and contribute with more research in Ethiopia where the research done in this specific area and region is not in abundance. In this study all dimensions of sustainable development, social, economic and ecological are included to get a more holistic picture of the sustainable development in the government?s plans and its challenges.

Swedish clubfootball of today involves more money than ever before. This developmentdepends on the higher interest for football in Sweden which generates more revenues fromaudience and TV-contracts, which leads to more money from sponsors and an increasingmarket for selling souvenirs. Despite the fact that the increasing interest has generated morerevenues, we can still see reports in the media about economic problems in some clubs. Whatis the reason for this? Do the clubs have the ability and knowledge about economic controlthat it takes to run such a business as the clubfootball in Sweden has become?Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the economic control in a number of clubsplaying in the two Premier Divisons of the Swedish Football League.

Antidumpning är ett aktuellt ämne som ökat i omfattning under senare tid och som sedermera påverkar handelsflödet mellan länder i världen. I denna uppsats skildras EU:s antidumpningspolitik, från anmälan om dumpning till slutgiltiga åtgärder, problem och tänkbara effekter. Vidare kartläggs EU:s antidumpningsåtgärder mot asiatiska cykelproducenter samt vilka effekter dessa resulterar i. De länder som ingår i undersökningen är Kina, Taiwan, Vietnam, Indonesien, Malaysia och Thailand. Resultatet överensstämmer med de antaganden om importminskning, handelsomfördelning och prisökningar som tidigare forskning kommit fram till även om de inte är generellt applicerbara på alla länder i undersökningen då stora variationer förekommer..

This thesis deals with past and present political attitudes towards the Öresund bridge. It describes the decision making process which preceded the construction of the bridge, and has a short historical introduction to it. It then presents the attitudes towards the bridge of five different political parties, all represented by regional politicians. This empirical information was obtained through interviews with politicians and literature studies. The author then analyzes the empirical information with the help of the human ecological triangle developed by Steiner, and the center-periphery theories of Wallerstein and Persson.To conclude, the author describes what the central problem is in the case of the Öresund bridge from a human ecological perspective and analyzes the empirical data collected..

Title: Migration and Labor Market Integration ? the German Reunification Since the German reunification former East Germany has been struggling with rising unemployment numbers and extensive emigration. The East German Länder are still well behind the West German and even though Germany unquestionably is united politically the old border divides the economy ? and the labor market ? in two. This thesis aims to describe the reunification process of the East German and the West German labor markets, and in particular the role of migration in this process.

In this essay I examine the causal relationship between confidence in institutions and growth in Sweden 1989-2002. By examining the causal relationship between these two variables, valuable indicators of the causal relationship between trust and growth can be obtained. The institutions which are used in this essay are chosen according to the theory on institutions for public administration building trust and social capital. The chosen institutions are primary schooling, the police and medical service. A Granger causality model is used to measure the causal relation and the results from the tests show that there is no causal relationship between growth and confidence in institutions.

The regime theory is the dominant paradigm in the studies of urban politics in USA. It provides a set of concepts to analyse the change from government to governance in the American local politics. The regime theory postulates that governing power in local government tends to be highly fragmented. The private sector has with its control of economic resources a major influence in shaping governing decisions. In this essay I study the regime theory in a Swedish context to investigate if the theory is pertinent when studying of Swedish local governance.