The proportion of women entrepreneurs in Sweden is, as in many countries, smaller than the proportion of men entrepreneurs. Sweden has therefore created political measures with the ambition to increase women entrepreneurship. However, knowledge about the determinants of women entrepreneurship is needed in order to enable the promotion of it and, at the same time one can question the treatment of women entrepreneurs as a homogenous group. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate the determinants of women entrepreneurship and whether these determinants fluctuate regionally. If this proves to be the case, a more spatial/individual approach should be used, when creating measures to promote entrepreneurship.

Syftet med denna rapport var att ta reda på om det fanns en värdepremie på den svenska marknaden. Därmed var avsikten att verifiera huruvida framtida avkastning baserad på fundamentala värden, såsom den förväntade långsiktiga utdelningstillväxten och det förväntade utdelning/pris förhållandet, gav högre precision på värdepremien än framtida avkastning baserad på realiserad avkastning. Ytterligare jämfördes resultatet med vad som hade uppnåtts i en liknande studie på den amerikanska marknaden. En kvantitativ metod baserad på sekundär data användes i denna undersökning. 30 aktier noterade på den svenska A-listan och den svenska O-listan mellan 1993 och 2002 valdes ut.

This essay examines the strategies adopted by the Swedish parliamentary parties against the Pirate Party (Piratpartiet). The study uses the PSO-theory, which attempt to explain the success of niche parties as a consequence of the established parties? strategies against the new competitor. A qualitative analysis and a comparison of the parties? manifestos from the 2002, 2006 and 2010 national elections is used to determine which strategies are adopted.

The economic crisis has affected the airline industry as much as it has affected all other industries in the world. The small airlines and maintenance organisations must find new opportunities and options in order to survive the harsh crisis. Priority Aero Maintenance is now an approved maintenance organisation performing maintenance on aircrafts, engines and components. The company sees economic gains in the future by becoming an approved organisation that follows the European Aviation Safety Agency guidelines (EASA) and meets the requirements outlined in the rules of Part-M.In order for the company to become an approved organization, responsible for continuing airworthiness of aircraft, a handbook should be presented to the local authority. This handbook describes the company?s responsibility for the continuing airworthiness in order for the authorities to get an insight into the company and its work.This thesis resulted in a draft of CAME (Continuing Airworthiness Management Exposition) and this draft has been approved by Priority Aero Maintenance.The CAME will in the future be used by the company as a basis for developing a more detailed manual to be presented to and approved by the Swedish Aviation Authority (Transportstyrelsen)..

The thesis strives to reveal the dynamics between a central and a peripheral shopping area in Kalmar, Sweden. The establishment of larger shopping centers has become a hallmark of postindustrial cities. Cities globally are at risk of creating an urban economic rift between the central and peripheral shopping areas. By establishing major shopping venues around the traditional central business districts, cities hope to create a larger customer hinterland and thereby also increased economic growth. The aim of this thesis is answered by two research questions regarding collaboration and competition between two shopping areas; the central Kvarnholmen and peripheral Hansa City Mall.

Syftet med uppsatsen är att ge en beskrivning av Sloveniens arbetsmarknad samt redogöra för vilka faktorer som har varit drivande för dess positiva utveckling. Övergångsekonomier tenderar att drabbas av hög arbetslöshet under övergången till marknadsekonomi, vilket även var fallet för Slovenien. Övergångsfasen i Slovenien präglades av uppsägningar på grund av konkurser samt reformer som minskade restriktionerna gällande uppsägningar, vilka var de största orsakerna till arbetslösheten. Genom ett flertal reformer, både i samband med och efter övergångsfasen, har Slovenien lyckats få ner arbetslösheten samt marknadsjusterat arbetsmarknaden. Sedan självständigheten har utvecklingen på arbetsmarknaden bland annat kännetecknats av en ökad andel högutbildade av arbetskraften, växande servicesektor samt större flexibilitet.

The aim of this essay is to study the development of democracy in the Halland province, with focus on participating measures. First and foremost to test earlier research about the causes of the development of democracy, which says that the work takes place with obvious variation between the municipalities and that it is caused by economic resources and experienced problems in the democracy. The purpose is also to conduct a general discussion about the conditions and effects of the development.Thus the method can be characterised as theory consuming because I as far as possible assume the method that has been used in earlier research. Still, my study is limited to the six municipalities of the Halland province and is therefore a study of few cases. One person in each municipality has been interviewed in order to collect a list of all the measures that have been carried out.

In this study we have focused on the operational management of the public pre-school in Sweden. We have studied how the governance system is designed, why it is designed this way and what impact it has on the operational management. This has been analyzed from a theory stating that there are two types of organizations: pay-driven and function-driven. Through a case and document study we came to the conclusion that the pre-school is a function-driven organization but is nowadays acting on a market and have adopted characteristics of a pay-driven organization. We connect this change to the phenomenon New Public Management.

This study examines regional integration in Africa with a focus on the Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa, COMESA. COMESA, with roots that go back to the beginning of the 1980?s, is one of the largest and most diverse areas for regional integration in Africa and has currently 19 member countries. The goal of the COMESA co-operation is to become a fully integrated area by the year 2025 that will merge into the African Union (AU). AU will then, in turn, create a fully integrated African continent in a not too far away future.

This study examines how farmers certified by KRAV face proposed regulations on organic soils put forward by KRAV economic association among others, and how they are affected economically. These soils are, from an environmental perspective, interesting as a target for production regulations as they cause greenhouse gas emissions through decomposition of organic material when cultivated. The regulations advocate that organic soils should be grown with pasture where soil cultivation is only allowed every fith year which implies that possible adjustments of cultivation have to be made in order to fulfill the regualtions. Collection of data have been made through a questionnaire sent out to 574 farmers certified by KRAV. The answers have been analysed using a decision making model and statistical findings suggest that proportion of organic soils, type of production, economic conditions and farmers? goals and values have an influence on whether the regulations and potential cultivation adjustments have been considered or not.

AbstractToday there is an opportunity to reinforce concrete with steel fiber reinforcement. In some cases, completely replace the conventional reinforcement. Replacing conventional mesh reinforcement with steel fiber reinforcement in slabs on ground has shown economic benefits, less crack width and less reinforcement amount.Today there are no Swedish standard for designing steel fiber reinforced concrete, what is there is different international recommendations.In this work, design methods for steel fiber concrete are used according to RILEM and Bekaer Swedish AB's software DRAPRO. For other design methods Eurokod 2 is followed.In this work, the design of slabs on ground that are not exposed by large tension strength been designed. Design of crack-reinforcement and restrictions of crack width have been conducted in three different slabs on ground.The calculations have been performed using only conventional reinforcement and only steel fiber reinforcement, and the results are then compared.The results of the theoretical analysis are summarized in tables that compare the amount of reinforcement, crack width and economic cost.This work showed that the slabs on the ground reinforced with steel fibers provide less crack width with a minor amount of reinforcement.

Denna uppsats är skriven inom det nationalekonomiska fältet kulturekonomi och behandlar faktorer som påverkar antalet museibesökare och konsekvenserna av införandet av fri entré. År 2005 genomfördes en reform som medförde att ett flertal statliga museer införde fri entré (vissa museer redan våren 2004). Eftersom inträdesavgifter är en faktor som styrande lyfter fram som en viktig förklarande faktor till antalet och sammansättningen av museibesökare har frientréreformen och dess samhällsekonomiska konsekvenser en central roll i uppsatsen. Utifrån ett datamaterial från Kulturrådet och Statistiska Centralbyrån genomförs två multipla linjära regressioner, en per år samt en över tiden. I dessa regressioner testas olika förklarande variabler som kan tänkas ha en påverkan på antalet museibesökare.

AbstractThis paper is based on a research conducted in a medium sized company, situated in Sweden, with the intent to study possible connections regarding views of gender and the existing sex segregation within the company. How is gender constructed, and does it exist representational ideas of the sexes, that leads to restrictions for men and women to be working within different areas of the company? Why are there such few women working within the company? Through five interviews with employees within the company, three women and two men, I found answers to these questions. My thesis and the specific questions were categorized into three different themes. The first theme aims to understand the interviewees? discussions of gender and labour.

Since the beginning of the twenty-first century, China has captivated global attention due to its astonishing economic growth. This development has resulted in an enormous growth in foreign direct investments, as well as the country?s new role aseconomic super power. When joining the World Trade Organization in 2001, China agreed to adhere to the minimum requirements of the organization?s several multilateral agreements.

Denna uppsats undersöker effekterna av första generationens biobränslen, såsom bioetanol och biodiesel, på jordbruksprodukters prisnivåer både inom länder och internationellt ? samt dessa prisers vidare påverkan på svält i utvecklingsländer. En enkel sektormodell för utbud och efterfrågan, uppdelad i tre delmarknader, utnyttjas först för att illustrera och förklara biobränslens grundläggande kvalitativa priseffekter på jordbruksmarknader. Andra forskningsstudiers och modellers kvantitativa uppskattningar av samma skeenden granskas och vidareutvecklas. Den relativa andel hos senare tids prisstegringar (den så kallade ?matkrisen?), vilken kan tillskrivas biobränslens effekter, skattas med försiktighet: min uppskattning blir att i storleksordningen 10 procent av de samtida prisökningarna beror på biobränslen, med viss variation för enskilda produkter.