Många attityder och förutfattade meningar existerar inom vårdkedjan kring patienter med alkoholproblematik. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie är att undersöka sjuksköterskors och läkares attityder gentemot patienter med alkoholproblematik. Dessutom kommer orsaker och effekter till attityderna belysas. Metoden är en systematisk litteraturstudie med tio kvantitativa och två kvalitativa studier. Resultatet innehöll tre av författarna identifierade teman: kunskap & utbildning, interventioner och mötet & stigmatisering.

In this project a simulator has been developed (in C++) with the purpose of illustrating how changes in environmental regulations, tax levels and other policy measures affect the composition of an energy system. The aim of the project was to investigate how energy companies? investment strategies are affected when changes in economic and environmental conditions occur. A standard scenario has been created based on current Swedish conditions, but the user can create new scenarios and set parameters freely. The user is tasked with building power plants to supply the city/region with district heating and electricity during a pre-set number of years. When the simulation is finished the result is graded in the following categories: economy, environment and quality. To evaluate the simulator three scenarios were created (?early 20th century?, ?reduced environmental control? and ?future?) in addition to the standard scenario and these were compared with each other by examining how a select group of power plants perform under the given conditions.

With abroad education of arts, textiles and nowthe upholstery there were nota long step to become interested inthe visual withinthe upholstery trade. I have chosen to highlight the shapethe world with boththe artist and thecraftsman's eye. I have explored hownew expressions canbe created from traditional methods and materialsfrom upholstery andrelated crafts suchas tailoring for Royal andsaddler. These craftsmake up a webof technologies, materials,and to some extent tool returns and borrowed.By looking at afew items fromthese crafts haveI let myself beinspired and made ??use of knowledgehow to buildforms and eventransfer them tonew areas inan aesthetic andartistic direction.

In order to understand user behaviour and navigation patterns, user logging is today widely used in analysis and development of user interfaces. These user logs tend to be quite many and can contain a lot of different data. A big issue is how to process and display this data in a perspicuous way to the stakeholder. This study is about how to develop a prototype to handle this issue. It was solved by various methods from human-computer interaction.

Ever since the development of the pc and their software, in the early 80´s,architects way of work have changed a lot. Nowadays most of the architectspresent all their works digitally and not with hand drawn material, as they didbefore the pc boom.Digital visualisation technique pushes the limits, when it is about presentingarchitecture projects virtual reality.This report studies how digital visualization technique is used among thearchitects today.Together with architects from ABAKO architect firm in Gothenburg, Sweden,interviews has been made to give answers about what they think about digitalvisualization technique. What are the opportunities, advantages- anddisadvantage with this digital technique?The answers from the architects, together with work that has been done withdigital visualization technique in a project called Project Sofiedal, shows thatthis technique has big opportunities when it comes to create nice looking VRpresentations. The result in this report also shows that this digital technique ismore time demanding compared to hand drawn presentations.The investigation shows that digital visualization technique is a goodcompliment when it is about showing the citizens how future projects willaffect the surrounding.

Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att belysa närståendes upplevelser vid plötslig död. Med hjälp av kvalitativ innehållsanalys och manifest ansats har sju kvalitativa artiklar analyserats, analysen resulterade i fem kategorier: Att kämpa för att få svar och känna misstro för professionen, att känna skuld för det inträffade, att söka mening, vara förvirrad, oförberedd och ensam i sorgen, att få stöd och kunna stötta andra och att acceptera och värdera livet annorlunda. Resultatet visade på att anhöriga upplevde informationsbristen från vårdpersonal som mycket frustrerande och de litade inte på att omhändertagandet av den döde var rätt. De kände sig också ensamma i sorgen och att människor de kände undvek dem för att inte behöva möta de sörjande. Allteftersom att tiden gick började livet ta form igen, deltagarna hade accepterat sin situation och fått en ny syn på livet.

The study is of qualitative research method, where the interviews are the main material for the study. This study aims to analyze teachers and pupils perspectives on outdoor education in the early years of the elementary school. The main reason for this study is that all the literature in the area tends to lift up the positive aspects of the field. While the practice of education tends to go the other way, where the majority of our children?s classes takes place inside the classrooms.

The purpose of this Bachelor?s thesis was to examine the information needs of the international students at the University of Borås. A further aim was to examine the types of information sources the international students was using to satisfy their information needs and the environmental factors keeping them from achieving this. This was done through focus group interviews with international students from four different countries ranging from the ages 20 ? 35.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the three main translation methods used in experimental Cross-language Information Retrieval CLIR research today, namely translation using either machine-readable dictionaries, machine translation systems or corpus-based methods. Working notes from research groups participating in the Text Retrieval Conference TREC and the Cross-Language Evaluation Forum CLEF between 1997 and 2000 have provided the main source material used to discuss the possible advantages and drawbacks that each method presents. It appears that all three approaches have their pros and cons, and because the different researchers tend to favour their own chosen method, it is not possible to establish a "winner approach" to CLIR translation by studying the working notes alone. One should remember however that the present interest in cross-language-applications of information retrieval has arisen as late as in the 1990s, and thus the research is yet in its early stages. The methods discussed in this paper may well be improved, or perhaps replaced by others in the future..

Otillräckligt behandlad postoperativ smärta är ett problem som sjuksköterskor i allmänhet kommer i kontakt med i sitt dagliga arbete och som åsamkar patienten både fysiska och emotionella kval. Musik, med tusenåriga traditioner som läkande, har länge varit en bortglömd intervention då sjukvården under lång tid varit strikt biomedicinskt inriktad. Syftet var att belysa musikens inverkan som omvårdnadsåtgärd i samband med postoperativ smärta, ur ett patientperspektiv. Metoden bestod av en litteraturstudie, nio vetenskapliga artiklar har analyserats och ligger som grund till resultatet. Analysen av artiklarna har lett fram till tre olika kategorier; Lindrad smärtupplevelse, lindrad upplevelse av känslomässigt lidande och underlättad mobilisering.

The overall aim of this study is to gain an understanding of how student?sexperiences influence their perceptions about the use of alcohol during the study years. We focused on various factors that might have an impact on the individual?sperception and alcohol intake. These are: environmental influences such as family, school and friends and their dominant norms, context such as place and time in life and how individual and social identity affects student?sperceptions.

This study deals with the contribution of the genetic variant lactase persistence among Neolithic people from the Baltic Island Öland. Skeletal remains from twelve individuals went through DNA sequencing in order to find the mutation that allows adult individuals to digest milk sugar. The twelve individuals were chosen from two different Neolithic sites, where the archaeological and isotopic data suggest that the individuals from Köpingsvik were hunters and gatherers and the individuals from Resmo were early farmers. The individuals with the genetic variant lactase persistence can be described with selection and genetic flow.  Only five individuals produced results and the mutation was found in two of the subjects. All the individuals who were successfully sequenced came from Resmo, whereasno individuals from Köpingsvik yielded any results.

Playfulness and curiosity in the usage of new technology and digital filmmaking has always been of great importance within these fields. There are many different media technologies that can form what the user wants to communicate in a certain context. One of these forms of expression that has increased in popularity from the early 20th century until today is the animation technique, Stop motion. Amateur filmmakers have also found an interest in using the technique. Our purpose has been to study the different aspects as to why young-adult amateur filmmakers have chosen stop motion as the way to express themselves.

Inom psykiatri används direkt arbetsterapi som syftar till att behärska själva görandet i aktiviteten och indirekt arbetsterapi som syftar till att utveckla varandet i aktiviteten. Studiens syfte var att beskriva hur fyra personer med psykiska funktionshinder upplevde sitt deltagande i en teaterterapigrupp. I teaterterapin gestaltade de en scenisk rollkaraktär, vilket innebar att klienten gick in i en annan persons sätt att handla, tänka och känna. Genom halvstrukturerade intervjuer framkom att informanterna upplevde att de utvecklade sina underliggande förmågor såsom koncentrationsförmåga, självförtroende och att de fått ökad livsglädje. De uppgav också att de genom att gestalta de sceniska rollkaraktärerna hade lärt känna sig själva bättre.

Working as a veterinary nurse includes advising animal owners, helping them to make discisions through well-based facts and experience. Preemptive spaying of the healthy bitch brings many advantages and disadvantages. It leads to cessation of gonadal hormone production, and how the exact extent the surgery affects the dog is not yet fully understood. The sex hormones mainly control the reproductive system, but receptors of these hormones are found in many tissues of the body, and have complex relationships with other hormone systems. Spaying decreases the metabolism although the bitch gets an increased appetite, which enhance the risk of obesity, unless the owner restricts food intake.