The following thesis is a study of the forest history on the island of Ängsön-Marskär concentrating on the last three hundred years. The island is located in the administrative province of Stockholm, the local community of Haninge and it is situated approximately seven kilometres east of the island Ornö in the south of the Stockholm archipelago. The questions this thesis attempts to answer are: How where the natural resources on Ängsön-Marskär used through the centuries? How has the state of the forests developed since the 16th century? How will the nature develop onwards? The thesis is based on archival sources for Ängsön-Marskär and the surrounding areas. A field study was conducted where the entire island was investigated using an objective forest inventory method. The first map material existing over Ängsön-Marskär is from the year 1711.

Growth models are very useful tools for forestry to predict growth and yield. With growth models and optimising tools you can manage forest stands in a way that maximize benefit and income. There are three major types of growth models. Stand models; stage structured models and single-tree models. The most advanced models give the most accurate forecasts.

I juli 2006 trädde BBR:s nya krav om byggnaders energiförbrukning ikraft, vilka jämfört med de tidigare kraven väntas medföra förändringar för hela byggprocessen vad gäller hanteringen av energifrågor. De hårdare kraven kommer bland annat i skepnad av ett nytt begrepp, ?byggnadens specifika energianvändning?, ett begrepp som med stor förmodan kommer att ställa både högre krav på utförande av energiberäkningar i ett tidigare skede av byggprocessen samt med större noggrannhet. På VVS GRUPPEN AB i Lund utför man egna grövre energiberäkningar i samband med projektering i ett ganska tidigt skede av processen, främst beräkningar för hand, för att i ett senare skede låta en byggnadskonstruktör genomföra mer ingående energiberäkningar. Med de nya hårdare kraven uppstår ett eventuellt behov av att framöver utföra egna energiberäkningar på en noggrannare nivå redan i ett tidigare skede. BBR anger inga krav om metod för beräkningarna, utan lämnar upp till var och en att välja lämplig metod för aktuellt projekt. I samarbete med VVS GRUPPEN utfördes därför en undersökning av en alternativ metod, energiberäkning med hjälp av simuleringsprogrammet IDA Indoor Climate and Energy. Undersökningen begränsades till ett pågående projekt i form av en ny biblioteksbyggnad i Lomma, samt till att huvudsakligen syfta till beräkning av den specifika energin.

There is two dairy farms in Sweden with ability to be opened on both long sides, one outside Hjo and the other one, Brandstadholm, north of Sjöbo. When there is no measures and results or not enough literature about natural ventilation and especially on this kind of air inlet, makes my tests very interesting not only on Alnarp, but among other companies. I would like to find out if there is any air movements direct on the cows, how high/low temperature, air humidity, light intensity and noise standard inside the barn. Does Brandstadholm fulfil the rules and regulations when it comes to climate inside the barn? Could this system become the new dairy barn instead of the conventional barns in Sweden? I am going to focus on the animals environment, after all they are the one who is going to spend the most of the time in the barn. I used five electrical loggers distributed inside the barn to measure the temperature and one of the loggers measured the air humidity, every 15th minute. One logger were placed on the outside which measured both temperature and air humidity.

Fossil fuels are affecting our climate negatively and there is a limited amount of them in the world, which leads to the importance of finding alternative fuels. One alternative is biogas, which is produced though a digestion process of different organic materials in a biogasreactor. Organic substrate that comes from farms has the biggest potential to increase the production of biogas in Sweden. Primarily crops from farms, but also waste products like manure are of great importance.Today there is a calculated theoretical potential for biogasproduction of 14TWh per year, which is around ten times larger than Sweden?s production today.

De rådande klimatförändringarna drabbar Arktis och dess isbjörnar hårt. Smältande isar frigör miljögifter som i årtionden lagrats upp och kan nu ta sig in i och biomagnificeras i den marina näringskedjan, där isbjörnen som toppredator utsätts för hög toxisk stress. De försvinnande isarna utgör isbjörnens huvudsakliga jaktmark och detta skapar därför en ökad näringsmässig stress som bryter ned kroppens fettreserver och frisätter lagrade toxiska kemikalier i blodomloppet. Klimatförändringarna skapar ett gästvänligare Arktis, vilket tros innebära en förhöjd mänsklig närvaro som kan ökade halterna av lokala utsläpp och en rubbad näringskedja. Även introduktionen av nya djurarter tros öka vilket tillsammans med närvaron av människor i sin tur kommer att orsaka en introduktion av nya patogener. Klimatförändringarna påverkar även havsoch luftströmmarna, vilket spås öka transporten av miljögifter till Arktis.

Ethical evaluation of scientific studies carried out using animals is legally mandated in many countries and has been so in Sweden for over three decades. The animal ethics committees (AECs) responsible for the task have however been subjected to criticism; common critique being that the wrong issues are discussed and that the ethical evaluation is thus incomplete, that there is a lack of coherence across committees and that the committees are not as democratic as they might appear. This study investigates the view of Swedish AEC members on a number of issues in order to shed some light on the mandate and functioning of the committees, and on the grounds for ongoing criticism. In a survey and interviews AEC members and other persons connected to the committees gave their views on the AEC task in relation to their roles, the ethical evaluation per se and whether or not emotions such as empathy play any part in it. There were significant differences found between AEC member categories and several issues were encountered, many of which have been stressed in previous studies.

This report is made as a literature review, focusing on the work done to increase understanding of efficiency in the categories of substations and secondary heating systems, with respect to the deviation from the theoretically possible cooling off in the distribution network as well as the economic benefit that appear. The main purpose of a considerable part of the literature used in this report addresses the issue of identifying individual causes of reduced cooling in district heating systems. These literature resources have been compiled and summarized as part of the report.The technology of district heating is associated with benefits such as better use of the energy in a fuel. This is the case of cogeneration plants where serial generation of electricity and thermal energy increases efficiency compared with the parallel generation where heat is generated locally and electricity is generated centrally. Serial generation thus allows for lower primary energy demand.

This study concerns the energy future of the county of Stockholm up until 2050 and describes how the energy consumption can be compared to today with the use of scenario methodology. Within energy future studies the backcasting approach is well known and has been put to use in this study. Due to the characteristics of backcasting the study is self-fulfilling, i.e. the future energy scenarios presented in this study satisfy the targets set up in this study. In the light of what may be the largest challenge of our time ? the climate change - the aim of this study is to describe how the energy consumption in a fossil fuel free Stockholm county in the year of 2050 may be.

To perform a historical record of Beijers Park's development to date is about securing the tracks back in time. The historical record about the park tells not only the history of the park but the city, district, local residents and art of gardening. As the historical story is documented the necessary base for establishment of any care plans in the future and the base for cultural and historical value the park is made. Beijers park can in such work be treated alone or as part of the context of parks that were built during the same era in Malmö's history.Beijers park origin from the era of the late 1800s, when the entire green structure in Malmö changed. The park area today covers 12 hectares and is located in the district Kirseberg.

Industries with energy costs as a large proportion of their total costs are greatly affected by the instruments deployed to cope with the Swedish climate and energy policy goals. With energy costs representing more than 30 % of the total costs, tomato cultivators are one of the affected industries. In order to remain competitive with other countries, a more resource- and cost-efficient cultivation of tomatoes in greenhouses is desirable in Sweden. Based on the concept of industrial symbiosis, this study investigates the prerequisites for a resource-efficient production of locally grown tomatoes in Sweden through the utilization of low grade industrial waste heat. The study is based on the foundry industry as the supplier of waste heat.To investigate the environmental, technical and economic potential of the exchange of waste heat, a comparative life cycle assessment, an inventory of the supply of industrial waste heat in Sweden, a compilation of potential technologies for the recovery of low grade industrial waste heat for heating greenhouses and a comparative life-cycle cost calculation were carried out.

Renkavle har under lång tid varit ett stort problem för lantbrukare i stora delar av norra Europa och har etablerat sig på större arealer även i Sverige. Genom sin bio-logi är renkavle mycket väl anpassad till odling av höstsådd spannmål, speciellt i kombination med reducerad jordbearbetning. Det finns en ökande trend av både höstsådd spannmål och reducerad jordbearbetning som talar för att problemen med renkavle kommer att öka framöver. Även den pågående klimatförändringen mot ett varmare klimat i Sverige förbättrar förutsättningarna för att renkavle ska etablera sig längre norrut. Renkavle är ett ogräs som kräver en mycket hög grad av kontroll för att inte öka kommande år eftersom fröproduktionen hos renkavle kan vara mycket stor.

På uppdrag av Hifab AB har detta examensarbete utförts under vårterminen 2015. En ny livsmedelsbutik ska etableras i Umeå, där Hifab AB har anlitats som generalkonsult av Coop Nord. I dagsläget finns endast ett utkast på hur byggnaden ska se ut eftersom byggnationen av butiken beräknas starta våren 2016. Detta innebär att det finns stora möjligheter att undersöka smarta energilösningar som kan appliceras på den framtida butiken. För att erhålla energistatistik att utgå från användes en Coop-butik i Kramfors som invigdes våren 2012 som referensbutik i detta projekt.Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka olika energialternativ och energieffektiviserande byggtekniska lösningar för den planerade butiken.

The travelling sector is expanding worldwide, which puts all destinations under pressure to have a functioning social system and good resources to manage the problems and take advantage of the opportunities that the tourism sector can offer a community. The area around Kisumu in Kenya, like much of Africa, tourism can simultaneously ensure a stable financial future while it removes, as a result of a growing population, more and more of the scenery that many tourists want to experience. Responsible travel to natural areas that promotes conservation of the environment and improves the welfare of local people is what defines ecotourism. A concept that implies a closed cycle, where visitor?s needs are met in balance with what can be given back, without risking creating imbalances in society. Along the coast of Lake Victoria, valuable papyrus wetlands provide Kisumu vital ecosystem services such as water purification, climate adaptation while it also serves as a reservoir for biodiversity.

?The management of innovation is inherently difficult and risky, most new technologies fail to be translated into products and services, and most new products and services are not commercial successes. In short, innovation can enhance competitiveness, but it requires a different set of management knowledge and skills from those of everyday business administration? (Bessant et al. 2005 p.