Bakgrund: Det är en vanlig arbetsuppgift för sjuksköterskan att följa upp effekt och eventuella biverkningar av läkemedelsbehandling för återkoppling till ordinerande läkare. I och med att sjuksköterskan i den kommunala äldrevården har en konsultativ roll, är informationen mellan henne och vårdpersonalen, som är nära patienten dygnet om, mycket viktig. Denna del av läkemedelskedjan är av central betydelse för att minska onödigt lidande för den äldre patienten i form av läkemedelsrelaterade problem. Syfte: Att kartlägga hur sjuksköterskan i kommunens äldreomsorg följer upp läkemedelsordinationer avseende effekt och biverkningar, särskilt i de fall när patienten själv inte har förmåga att uttrycka sitt mående i ord. Metod: En empirisk studie med kvantitativ ansats.

Enligt doktrinen skall Försvarsmaktens agerande utgå från manövertänkande och ledningsmetodenskall vara uppdragstaktik vilket skall genomsyra all ledning. Verksamhetsledningen iFörsvarsmakten är de facto en förvaltningsmyndighet och kraven på en sådan skiljer sig frånkraven på en insatsledning. Innebär denna vardagsmiljö att vi riskerar skapa en förvaltarkulturmed de metoder som tillämpas? Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka vad tillämpningen ivardagen av den uttryckta ledningsmetoden innebär för förmågan i våra insatsförband att leva upptill manövertänkande samt att leda och bli ledda enligt den valda ledningsmetoden,uppdragstaktik.De viktigaste slutsatserna är att vi inte skapar den avsedda förmågan utan en förmåga anpassad tillpågående insatser och verksamhetsledningen. Förmågan kommer också på sikt att urholkas genomatt det blir mindre tid över för oss att vara soldater då administration och ekonomiuppföljning tarmer utrymme..

Since 1928 the Swedish accounting and taxation has been closely linked by law which today as the European Union works with its harmonisation of the European accounting systems brings up difficulties. The Union strives to integrate the countries different ways of accounting in order to make it easier to use and understand foreign information. The Swedish connection between accounting and taxation means that a harmonisation would change the whole system as its known today. The purpose with this study is to examine what the link between the two means and how a decoupling would affect Swedish accounting and auditing. We also want to examine how the Swedish taxation office, who currently uses the accounting as a ground for taxation, could guarantee the quality of the declaration without a proper underpinning. The study shows that a decoupling could lead to an increase in quality on swedish accounting and that the administration would become more difficult to handle. The risk of dividend of untaxed profits is not seen as a problem in this context.

Hypothermia during anaesthesia is a well-known phenomenon that may cause several side-effects such as greater risk of postoperative wound infection and increased risk of heart complications. The most efficient way to avoid this is to prevent hypothermia from occurring. The aim of this paper was to compile the research on the most efficient way to prevent hypothermia during anaesthesia for cats and dogs, and to compare these results to how Swedish animal hospitals prevent hypothermia today. To investigate this, a survey was sent out to several animal hospitals around Sweden to see what methods they used to prevent hypothermia in their clinics. It is difficult if not impossible to prevent the body temperature from falling slightly when anaesthesia is induced because of the drug interactions in the body that follow from the drugs given. A 1-1,5°C decrease in body temperature is to be expected and is difficult to avoid.

This thesis was written with the aim of studyingthe volksdeutsche minority in Danish Sleswick-Holsatia (dan.?Sønderjylland?). The author has been using theories from Robert Dahl (amongother prominent political scientists) regarding minority activities in amajority society to measure inclusion of this minority. The thesis is a casestudy on a macro-political level. The result of this study was that thevolksdeutsche minority is indeed well integrated in the contemporary Danishsociety albeit with a strong German identity.

The aim of the study has been to explore certain aspects of implementation perspectives and to analyse the introduction of an environmental management system called ecoBUDGET in the Municipality of Växjö. A framework has been developed through thorough studying of earlier research in the field of policy implementation in public administrations. The framework is made up of the steering relationship between politicians and public administrators, decision making and implementation and the ability, want and understanding of how and why decisions should/could be implemented. By using this framework in combination with interviews held with individuals that host valuable knowledge and experience of the system these questions were to be answered:-What factors in the implementation process of ecoBUDGET can be seen to have facilitated alternativly hindred the integration of the environmental management system within the municipalitys administration and companies?- In what direction has the integration of a sustainable devleopment thinking for the environment thru ecoBUDGET evolved within the organisation?The result came to be that sustainable development and the strive for this is more and more amalgamated in to the everyday work within the municipal organisation and that the environmental management system is likely to have played a part in this..

The purpose of this study was to examine the controversy surrounding the Swedish methadone assisted rehabilitation program over time. Which course has the Swedish methadone assisted rehabilitation program, and the controversy surrounding it, taken since the start? Which arguments have been for and which have been against a methadone assisted rehabilitation program in Sweden, and what are these arguments based on? We chose to write this thesis as a literature study to get a broad and in depth picture of the development of the program in Sweden. In our analysis we used social constructionism and a medical aspect on substance abuse as theories.It is clear that it has been, and still are, differences in opinions when it comes to the effects of the program. As early as in the 1980's the methadone assisted rehabilitation program was scientifically proved effective and approved by the Swedish Board of Health and Social Affairs.

The main purpose of this essay is to study the role of documentation in Swedish health care today and the consequences of the augmentations in paper work that have taken place during the last couple of decades. The method used in this study is interviews with health care personnel.The following questions are treated:-       What kind of documentation has increased in Swedish health care?-       How is the patient/health care professionals affected?-       How is the work of the health care professionals affected?The conclusion of the essay is that the increasing amount of time spent on documentation that for much part has never been performed before, (such as risk analyses, statistics and writing much more thorough charts), has consequently left very little time for actual patient care. The research also showed that faith in health care professionals has significantly decreased and that one of the major reasons for increased documenting is the anticipation of and therefore protection against potential complaints. Finally there seems to be a greater focus on being service-minded rather than on providing quality health care..

Transaktionskostnader återfinns i årsredovisningar där en del utav dessa utgörs av bankkort respektive kontanter. I Tyskland har Deutsche Bank lyckats minska transaktionskostnaderna för elektroniska bankkortsbetalningar till andra europeiska länder med 80 %. En ökad kortanvändning skulle minska kontanthanteringens kostnader. Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka varför privatpersoner fortfarande betalar med kontanter trots att det finns ett modernare betalningsalternativ som bankkort. Vidare skall ses vilka möjligheter det finns för att kunna öka kortanvändningen, så att transaktionskostnader kan minska ytterliggare. Grunden för den empiriska studien utgår från en intervju med en anställd på Kristianstads Sparbank som är insatt i bankkortsanvändandet.

Banks have been some of the biggest operators on the market of business customers financing. When the Swedish Förmånsrättslagen was changed 2004 the banks became more restrictive to allow traditional bank loans. The change made it more difficult for customers to get their loans granted. For that reason customers had to find other forms of financing. Factoring is an alternative that means companies can mortage/sell their claim on customers to finance companies.

Denna studie syftar till att belysa hur offentliga organisationer arbetar kring kunskapsbevaring och kunskapsöverföring. Vi har undersökt hur fem offentliga organisationer med olika organisationsstrukturer arbetar med att bevara kunskap inom organisationen, samt hur de överför kunskap mellan medarbetare och till nyanställda. Studien har samlat in det empiriska resultatet med semistrukturerade intervjuer. I analysen diskuteras det empiriska resultatet med ämnen som epistemologiska perspektiv inom knowledge management, maktperspektiv, politiska direktiv, arbetsmiljö samt kommunikationens roll. Resultatet av analysen påvisar bland annat att muntlig kommunikation är en viktig framgångsfaktor i en kunskapsprocess..

Problem: Ekonomer i IT-projekt är ett väldigt outforskat område. Frågan är om ekonomens kompetens utnyttjas och dras nytta av i projekten. Vi vill se vad ekonomen kan ha för roll i IT-projekt och om de kan tillföra något för att förbättra projekten. Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att föreslå roller och arbetsuppgifter som kan passa en ekonom i IT-projekt. Metod: För att kunna nå vårt syfte har vi använt oss av kvalitativ metod. Undersökningen har genomförts genom semistrukturerade intervjuer med en professor i programvaruteknik, företag och PT-studenter som arbetat med ekonomstudenter i IT-projekt under studietiden.

Information is one of the organization's essential resources, and as such it needs strategic management. The authors use the information audit, which was developed by Orna 1999 and Henczel 2000 as a tool to evaluate how well an organization's information activities connect to its mission, goals, and objectives, to evaluate the municipal politicians' information support in Härryda municipality. The decision situations met by politicians often are complex; they are ambiguous and unstructured, with a high level of uncertainty. Human information sources meet needs arising in this kind of decision situations best. Since most of the politicians work full-time besides being politicians, Härryda municipality has to substitute the human sources by textual ones composed of highly summarized information.

Reliable methods to analyze food for the presence of almond are important ? not only for those allergic to almond, but also for monitoring the compliance with labelling regulations (EG directive 2003/89). Until now the Swedish National Food Administration has used methods like rocket immunoelectrophoresis and real-time PCR to detect almond in food. These methods are, however, not sensitive enough for protecting the most sensitive individuals. Therefore, the performance of a commercial ELISA kit was tested with regard to specificity/cross reactivity and limit of detection for almond both in solution and in different matrixes.The limit of quantitation was at least 3,1 ppm (mg/kg) in solution and similar concentrations were measured in bisquits and chocolate.

This paper describes how files and information can be shared in organisations and workplaces. We studied and compared the traditional file sharing in Microsoft Active Directory and the Social file sharing that comes with Microsoft SharePoint Sites. We used qualitative studies based on interviews with system administrators, management and by our own observations to acquire the necessary data. Using independent research, we were able to analyze the data and show the general difference between the traditional and the social file sharing systems. Social file sharing enables the user to easily store and share files in a flexible online environment.